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Komatsu H, Velychkivska N, Shatan AB, Shindo Y, Oka K, Ariga K, Hill JP, Labuta J. Kinetic study of NADPH activation using ubiquinone-rhodol fluorescent probe and an Ir III-complex promoter at the cell interior. RSC Adv 2023; 13:34012-34019. [PMID: 38020010 PMCID: PMC10658984 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05412h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotine adenine dinucleotide derivatives NADH and NADPH are intimately involved in energy and electron transport within cells. The fluorescent ubiquinone-rhodol (Q-Rh) probe is used for NADPH activation monitoring. Q-Rh reacts with NADPH yielding its quenched hydroquinone-rhodol (H2Q-Rh) form with concurrent NADPH activation (i.e. NADP+ formation). NADPH activation can be enhanced by the addition of an IrIII-complex (i.e. [(η5-C5Me5)Ir(phen)(H2O)]2+) as a promoter. The rate of the Q-Rh fluorescence quenching process is proportional to the NADPH activation rate, which can be used to monitor NADPH. Experiments were performed in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution and on HeLa cell cultures to analyze the kinetics of Q-Rh reduction and the influence of the IrIII-complex promoter on the activation of NADPH (in PBS) and of other intracellular reducing agents (in HeLa cells). There is a substantial increase in Q-Rh reduction rate inside HeLa cells especially after the addition of IrIII-complex promoter. This increase is partly due to a leakage process (caused by IrIII-complex-induced downstream processes which result in cell membrane disintegration) but also involves the nonspecific activation of other intracellular reducing agents, including NADH, FADH2, FMNH2 or GSH. In the presence only of Q-Rh, the activation rate of intracellular reducing agents is 2 to 8 times faster in HeLa cells than in PBS solution. When both Q-Rh and IrIII-complex are present, the rate of the IrIII-complex catalyzed reduction reaction is 7 to 23 times more rapid in HeLa cells. Concentration- and time-dependent fluorescence attenuation of Q-Rh with third-order reaction kinetics (reasonably approximated as pseudo-first-order in Q-Rh) has been observed and modelled. This reaction and its kinetics present an example of "bioparallel chemistry", where the activation of a molecule can trigger a unique chemical process. This approach stands in contrast to the conventional concept of "bioorthogonal chemistry", which refers to chemical reactions that occur without disrupting native biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Komatsu
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
| | - Nadiia Velychkivska
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences Heyrovsky Sq. 2 Prague 6 162 06 Czech Republic
| | - Anastasiia B Shatan
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences Heyrovsky Sq. 2 Prague 6 162 06 Czech Republic
| | - Yutaka Shindo
- Department of Bioscience and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku Yokohama Kanagawa 223-8522 Japan
| | - Kotaro Oka
- Department of Bioscience and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku Yokohama Kanagawa 223-8522 Japan
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University 2-2 Wakamatsucho, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8480 Japan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung City 80708 Taiwan
| | - Katsuhiko Ariga
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa Chiba 277-8561 Japan
| | - Jonathan P Hill
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
| | - Jan Labuta
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
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Nguyen HD, Jana RD, Campbell DT, Tran TV, Do LH. Lewis acid-driven self-assembly of diiridium macrocyclic catalysts imparts substrate selectivity and glutathione tolerance. Chem Sci 2023; 14:10264-10272. [PMID: 37772092 PMCID: PMC10530542 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02836d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular inorganic catalysts (MICs) tend to have solvent-exposed metal centers that lack substrate specificity and are easily inhibited by biological nucleophiles. Unfortunately, these limitations exclude many MICs from being considered for in vivo applications. To overcome this challenge, a strategy to spatially confine MICs using Lewis acid-driven self-assembly is presented. It was shown that in the presence of external cations (e.g., Li+, Na+, K+, or Cs+) or phosphate buffered saline, diiridium macrocycles spontaneously formed supramolecular iridium-cation species, which were characterized by X-ray crystallography and dynamic light scattering. These nanoassemblies selectively reduced sterically unhindered C[double bond, length as m-dash]O groups via transfer hydrogenation and tolerated up to 1 mM of glutathione. In contrast, when non-coordinating tetraalkylammonium cations were used, the diiridium catalysts were unable to form higher-ordered structures and discriminate between different aldehyde substrates. This work suggests that in situ coordination self-assembly could be a versatile approach to enable or enhance the integration of MICs with biological hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hieu D Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston 4800 Calhoun Road Houston Texas USA
| | - Rahul D Jana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston 4800 Calhoun Road Houston Texas USA
| | - Dylan T Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston 4800 Calhoun Road Houston Texas USA
| | - Thi V Tran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston 4800 Calhoun Road Houston Texas USA
| | - Loi H Do
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston 4800 Calhoun Road Houston Texas USA
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Weng C, Yang H, Loh BS, Wong MW, Ang WH. Targeting Pathogenic Formate-Dependent Bacteria with a Bioinspired Metallo-Nitroreductase Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:6453-6461. [PMID: 36881731 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitroreductases (NTRs) constitute an important class of oxidoreductase enzymes that have evolved to metabolize nitro-containing compounds. Their unique characteristics have spurred an array of potential uses in medicinal chemistry, chemical biology, and bioengineering toward harnessing nitro caging groups and constructing NTR variants for niche applications. Inspired by how they carry out enzymatic reduction via a cascade of hydride transfer reactions, we sought to develop a synthetic small-molecule NTR system based on transfer hydrogenation mediated by transition metal complexes harnessing native cofactors. We report the first water-stable Ru-arene complex capable of selectively and fully reducing nitroaromatics into anilines in a biocompatible buffered aqueous environment using formate as the hydride source. We further demonstrated its application to activate nitro-caged sulfanilamide prodrug in formate-abundant bacteria, specifically pathogenic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. This proof of concept paves the way for a new targeted antibacterial chemotherapeutic approach leveraging on redox-active metal complexes for prodrug activation via bioinspired nitroreduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Weng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Boon Shing Loh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Ming Wah Wong
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School─Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Wee Han Ang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School─Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119077, Singapore
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Tensi L, Dall’Anese A, Annunziata A, Mearini S, Nofrini V, Menendez Rodriguez G, Carotti A, Sardella R, Ruffo F, Macchioni A. Synthesis and Characterization of Chiral Iridium Complexes Bearing Carbohydrate Functionalized Pyridincarboxamide Ligands and Their Application as Catalysts in the Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of α-Ketoacids in Water. Organometallics 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Tensi
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and CIRCC, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via A. Fabretti 48, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Anna Dall’Anese
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and CIRCC, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alfonso Annunziata
- Department of Chemical Sciences and CIRCC, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Simone Mearini
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and CIRCC, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Vittorio Nofrini
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and CIRCC, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Gabriel Menendez Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and CIRCC, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Carotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via A. Fabretti 48, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Roccaldo Sardella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via A. Fabretti 48, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Ruffo
- Department of Chemical Sciences and CIRCC, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alceo Macchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and CIRCC, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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Tensi L, Yakimov AV, Trotta C, Domestici C, De Jesus Silva J, Docherty SR, Zuccaccia C, Copéret C, Macchioni A. Single-Site Iridium Picolinamide Catalyst Immobilized onto Silica for the Hydrogenation of CO 2 and the Dehydrogenation of Formic Acid. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:10575-10586. [PMID: 35766898 PMCID: PMC9348825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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The development of
an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for storing
H2 into CO2 and releasing it from the produced
formic acid, when needed, is a crucial target for overcoming some
intrinsic criticalities of green hydrogen exploitation, such as high
flammability, low density, and handling. Herein, we report an efficient
heterogeneous catalyst for both reactions prepared by immobilizing
a molecular iridium organometallic catalyst onto a high-surface mesoporous
silica, through a sol–gel methodology. The presence of tailored
single-metal catalytic sites, derived by a suitable choice of ligands
with desired steric and electronic characteristics, in combination
with optimized support features, makes the immobilized catalyst highly
active. Furthermore, the information derived from multinuclear DNP-enhanced
NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and Ir L3-edge XAS
indicates the formation of cationic iridium sites. It is quite remarkable
to note that the immobilized catalyst shows essentially the same catalytic
activity as its molecular analogue in the hydrogenation of CO2. In the reverse reaction of HCOOH dehydrogenation, it is
approximately twice less active but has no induction period. We report the synthesis of a heterogeneous
immobilized catalyst
(Ir_PicaSi_SiO2) and its successful
application in aqueous CO2 hydrogenation and FA dehydrogenation.
The information derived from multinuclear DNP-enhanced NMR spectroscopy,
elemental analysis, and XAS indicates the presence of cationic iridium
sites in Ir_PicaSi_SiO2. The
latter shows essentially the same catalytic activity as its molecular
analogue in the hydrogenation of CO2. In the reverse reaction
of HCOOH dehydrogenation, it is approximately twice less active but
has no induction period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Tensi
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and CIRCC, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy.,Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Alexander V Yakimov
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Caterina Trotta
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and CIRCC, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Chiara Domestici
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and CIRCC, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Jordan De Jesus Silva
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Scott R Docherty
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Cristiano Zuccaccia
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and CIRCC, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Alceo Macchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and CIRCC, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
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Wang L, Huang C, Hu F, Cui W, Li Y, Li J, Zong J, Liu X, Yuan XA, Liu Z. Preparation and antitumor application of N-phenylcarbazole/triphenylamine-modified fluorescent half-sandwich iridium(III) Schiff base complexes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:15888-15899. [PMID: 34709269 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02959b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Four N-phenylcarbazole/triphenylamine-appended half-sandwich iridium(III) salicylaldehyde Schiff base complexes ([(η5-Cpx)Ir(O^N)Cl]) were prepared and characterized. The complexes exhibited similar antitumor activity to cisplatin and effectively inhibited the migration of tumor cells. Furthermore, the complexes showed favourable hydrolytic activity, while remaining relatively stable in the plasma environment, which facilitated the binding of serum proteins and transport through them. These complexes could decrease the mitochondrial membrane potential, catalyze the oxidation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, induce an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and eventually result in apoptosis. Aided by their suitable fluorescence property, laser confocal detection showed that the complexes followed an energy-dependent mechanism for their cellular uptake, effectively accumulating in the lysosome and leading to lysosomal damage. In summary, the half-sandwich iridium(III) salicylaldehyde Schiff base complexes could induce lysosomal damage, increase intracellular ROS, and lead to apoptosis, which contributed to their antitumor mechanism of oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Wang
- Institute of Antitumor Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China.
| | - Chenyang Huang
- Institute of Antitumor Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China.
| | - Fenglian Hu
- Liuhang Middle School, Jining High-tech Zone, Jining 272173, China
| | - Wen Cui
- Institute of Antitumor Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China.
| | - Yiqing Li
- Institute of Antitumor Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China.
| | - Jingwen Li
- Institute of Antitumor Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China.
| | - Jiawen Zong
- Institute of Antitumor Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China.
| | - Xicheng Liu
- Institute of Antitumor Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China.
| | - Xiang-Ai Yuan
- Institute of Antitumor Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China.
| | - Zhe Liu
- Institute of Antitumor Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China.
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7
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Weng C, Shen L, Teo JW, Lim ZC, Loh BS, Ang WH. Targeted Antibacterial Strategy Based on Reactive Oxygen Species Generated from Dioxygen Reduction Using an Organoruthenium Complex. JACS AU 2021; 1:1348-1354. [PMID: 34604844 PMCID: PMC8479771 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic microorganisms pose a serious threat to global public health due to their persistent adaptation and growing resistance to antibiotics. Alternative therapeutic strategies are required to address this growing threat. Bactericidal antibiotics that are routinely prescribed to treat infections rely on hydroxyl radical formation for their therapeutic efficacies. We developed a redox approach to target bacteria using organotransition metal complexes to mediate the reduction of cellular O2 to H2O2, as a precursor for hydroxyl radicals via Fenton reaction. We prepared a library of 480 unique organoruthenium Schiff-base complexes using a coordination-driven three-component assembly strategy and identified the lead organoruthenium complex Ru1 capable of selectively invoking oxidative stress in Gram-positive bacteria, in particular methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, via transfer hydrogenation reaction and/or single electron transfer on O2. This strategy paves the way for a targeted antimicrobial approach leveraging on the redox chemistry of organotransition metal complexes to combat drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Weng
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117544, Singapore
| | - Linghui Shen
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117544, Singapore
| | - Jin Wei Teo
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117544, Singapore
| | - Zhi Chiaw Lim
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117544, Singapore
| | - Boon Shing Loh
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117544, Singapore
| | - Wee Han Ang
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117544, Singapore
- NUS
Graduate School - Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119077, Singapore
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