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Kainat SF, Hawsawi MB, Mughal EU, Naeem N, Almohyawi AM, Altass HM, Hussein EM, Sadiq A, Moussa Z, Abd-El-Aziz AS, Ahmed SA. Recent developments in the synthesis and applications of terpyridine-based metal complexes: a systematic review. RSC Adv 2024; 14:21464-21537. [PMID: 38979466 PMCID: PMC11228761 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra04119d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Terpyridine-based metal complexes have emerged as versatile and indispensable building blocks in the realm of modern chemistry, offering a plethora of applications spanning from materials science to catalysis and beyond. This comprehensive review article delves into the multifaceted world of terpyridine complexes, presenting an overview of their synthesis, structural diversity, and coordination chemistry principles. Focusing on their diverse functionalities, we explore their pivotal roles in catalysis, supramolecular chemistry, luminescent materials, and nanoscience. Furthermore, we highlight the burgeoning applications of terpyridine complexes in sustainable energy technologies, biomimetic systems, and medicinal chemistry, underscoring their remarkable adaptability to address pressing challenges in these fields. By elucidating the pivotal role of terpyridine complexes as versatile building blocks, this review provides valuable insights into their current state-of-the-art applications and future potential, thus inspiring continued innovation and exploration in this exciting area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammed B Hawsawi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University 21955 Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nafeesa Naeem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat Gujrat-50700 Pakistan
| | - Abdulaziz M Almohyawi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University 21955 Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem M Altass
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University 21955 Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | - Essam M Hussein
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University 21955 Makkah Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University 71516 Assiut Egypt
| | - Amina Sadiq
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. College Women University Sialkot-51300 Pakistan
| | - Ziad Moussa
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University P.O. Box 15551 Al Ain United Arab Emirates
| | - Alaa S Abd-El-Aziz
- Qingdao Innovation and Development Centre, Harbin Engineering University Qingdao 266400 China
| | - Saleh A Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University 21955 Makkah Saudi Arabia
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2
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Kim D, Bhattacharjee S, Lam E, Casadevall C, Rodríguez-Jiménez S, Reisner E. Photocatalytic CO 2 Reduction Using Homogeneous Carbon Dots with a Molecular Cobalt Catalyst. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2400057. [PMID: 38519846 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
A simple and precious-metal free photosystem for the reduction of aqueous CO2 to syngas (CO and H2) is reported consisting of carbon dots (CDs) as the sole light harvester together with a molecular cobalt bis(terpyridine) CO2 reduction co-catalyst. This homogeneous photocatalytic system operates in the presence of a sacrificial electron donor (triethanolamine) in DMSO/H2O solution at ambient temperature. The photocatalytic system exhibits an activity of 7.7 ± 0.2 mmolsyngas gCDs -1 (3.6 ± 0.2 mmolCO gCDs -1 and 4.1 ± 0.1 mmolH2 gCDs -1) after 24 hours of full solar spectrum irradiation (AM 1.5G). Spectroscopic and electrochemical characterization supports that this photocatalytic performance is attributed to a favorable association between CDs and the molecular cobalt catalyst, which results in improved interfacial photoelectron transfer and catalytic mechanism. This work provides a scalable and inexpensive platform for the development of CO2 photoreduction systems using CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongseok Kim
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Subhajit Bhattacharjee
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Erwin Lam
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Carla Casadevall
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | | | - Erwin Reisner
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
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3
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Imai M, Kosugi K, Saga Y, Kondo M, Masaoka S. Introducing proton/electron mediators enhances the catalytic ability of an iron porphyrin complex for photochemical CO 2 reduction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:10741-10744. [PMID: 37526275 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01862h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel iron porphyrin complex with hydroquinone moieties as proton/electron mediators at meso positions was designed and synthesised. The complex serves as an efficient catalyst for photochemical CO2 reduction, and its turnover frequency (TOF = 1.3 × 104 h-1) was the highest among those of comparable systems with sufficient durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maho Imai
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Kento Kosugi
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Saga
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mio Kondo
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-4 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, NE-6, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Masaoka
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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4
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Photocatalytic CO 2 reduction with aminoanthraquinone organic dyes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1087. [PMID: 36841825 PMCID: PMC9968311 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36784-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The direct utilization of solar energy to convert CO2 into renewable chemicals remains a challenge. One essential difficulty is the development of efficient and inexpensive light-absorbers. Here we show a series of aminoanthraquinone organic dyes to promote the efficiency for visible light-driven CO2 reduction to CO when coupled with an Fe porphyrin catalyst. Importantly, high turnover numbers can be obtained for both the photosensitizer and the catalyst, which has not been achieved in current light-driven systems. Structure-function study performed with substituents having distinct electronic effects reveals that the built-in donor-acceptor property of the photosensitizer significantly promotes the photocatalytic activity. We anticipate this study gives insight into the continued development of advanced photocatalysts for solar energy conversion.
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Shit SC, Powar NS, Kalita P, Paul R, Xu S, Jung JW, Cho CH, In SI, Mondal J. Selective photocatalytic CO 2 reduction to CH 4 over metal-free porous polyimide in the solid-gas mode. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:13716-13719. [PMID: 36315250 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04701b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Using a catalyst-free one-pot polycondensation approach, a new donor-acceptor (D-A) based porous polyimide (PeTt-POP) photocatalyst was developed. PeTt-POP produced CH4 (125.63 ppm g-1 in 6 h) from CO2 under visible light irradiation in the gas-solid mode without the use of co-catalysts or sacrificial agents. The progress of the reaction and the corresponding intermediate species involved in the CO2 reduction were identified by operando DRIFTS experiments, from which a plausible reaction mechanism was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Chandra Shit
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-eup, Dalseong-gun, Daegu42988, Republic of Korea. .,Catalysis & Fine Chemicals Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Niket S Powar
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-eup, Dalseong-gun, Daegu42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Priyanka Kalita
- Catalysis & Fine Chemicals Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India.
| | - Ratul Paul
- Catalysis & Fine Chemicals Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Shaojun Xu
- UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Jin-Woo Jung
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang daero, Hyeonpung-eup, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hee Cho
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang daero, Hyeonpung-eup, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Il In
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-eup, Dalseong-gun, Daegu42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - John Mondal
- Catalysis & Fine Chemicals Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
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6
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Exploration of supramolecular and theoretical aspects of two new Cu(II) complexes: On the importance of lone pair···π(chelate ring) and π···π(chelate ring) interactions. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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7
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Dual electronic effects achieving a high-performance Ni(II) pincer catalyst for CO 2 photoreduction in a noble-metal-free system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2119267119. [PMID: 35998222 PMCID: PMC9436338 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2119267119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A carbazolide-bis(NHC) NiII catalyst (1; NHC, N-heterocyclic carbene) for selective CO2 photoreduction was designed herein by a one-stone-two-birds strategy. The extended π-conjugation and the strong σ/π electron-donation characteristics (two birds) of the carbazolide fragment (one stone) lead to significantly enhanced activity for photoreduction of CO2 to CO. The turnover number (TON) and turnover frequency (TOF) of 1 were ninefold and eightfold higher than those of the reported pyridinol-bis(NHC) NiII complex at the same catalyst concentration using an identical Ir photosensitizer, respectively, with a selectivity of ∼100%. More importantly, an organic dye was applied to displace the Ir photosensitizer to develop a noble-metal-free photocatalytic system, which maintained excellent performance and obtained an outstanding quantum yield of 11.2%. Detailed investigations combining experimental and computational studies revealed the catalytic mechanism, which highlights the potential of the one-stone-two-birds effect.
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8
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Chen L, Wu Y, Hu Y, Chao D. A simple terpyridine–cobalt(II) complex sensitized by connective mpg–C3N4 for improved CO2 photoreduction. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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Fang Y, Liu T, Chen L, Chao D. Exploiting consecutive photoinduced electron transfer (ConPET) in CO 2 photoreduction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:7972-7975. [PMID: 35758170 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02356c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The consecutive photoinduced electron transfer (ConPET) process of 1,2,3,5-Tetrakis(carbazol-9-yl)-4,6-dicyanobenzene (4CzIPN) in CO2 photoreduction to achieve powerful reducing species has been disclosed by activating a bis(terpyridine)ruthenium(II) complex bearing a high overpotential for selective light-driven reduction of CO2 to CO in homogeneous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youting Fang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Ting Liu
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Longxin Chen
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Duobin Chao
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China.
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10
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Wakabayashi T, Kamada K, Sekizawa K, Sato S, Morikawa T, Jung J, Saito S. Photocatalytic CO 2 Reduction Using an Iron–Bipyridyl Complex Supported by Two Phosphines for Improving Catalyst Durability. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taku Wakabayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenji Kamada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Keita Sekizawa
- Toyota Central R&D Laboratories., Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute 480-1192, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sato
- Toyota Central R&D Laboratories., Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute 480-1192, Japan
| | - Takeshi Morikawa
- Toyota Central R&D Laboratories., Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute 480-1192, Japan
| | - Jieun Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Susumu Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Research Center for Materials Science (RCMS), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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11
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Bizzarri C. Homogeneous systems containing earth‐abundant metal complexes for photoactivated CO2‐reduction: recent advances. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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12
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Kumagai H, Tamaki Y, Ishitani O. Photocatalytic Systems for CO 2 Reduction: Metal-Complex Photocatalysts and Their Hybrids with Photofunctional Solid Materials. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:978-990. [PMID: 35255207 PMCID: PMC8988296 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Photocatalytic CO2 reduction is a critical objective
in the field of artificial photosynthesis because it can potentially
make a total solution for global warming and shortage of energy and
carbon resources. We have successfully developed various highly efficient,
stable, and selective photocatalytic systems for CO2 reduction
using transition metal complexes as both photosensitizers and catalysts.
The molecular architectures for constructing selective and efficient
photocatalytic systems for CO2 reduction are discussed
herein. As a typical example, a mixed system of a ring-shaped Re(I)
trinuclear complex as a photosensitizer and fac-[Re(bpy)(CO)3{OC2H4N(C2H4OH)2}] as a catalyst selectively photocatalyzed CO2 reduction to CO with the highest quantum yield of 82% and a turnover
number (TON) of over 600. Not only rare and noble metals but also
earth abundant ones, such as Mn(I), Cu(I), and Fe(II) can be used
as central metal cations. In the case using a Cu(I) dinuclear complex
as a photosensitizer and fac-Mn(bpy)(CO)3Br as a catalyst, the total formation quantum yield of CO and HCOOH
from CO2 was 57% and TONCO+HCOOH exceeded 1300. Efficient supramolecular photocatalysts for CO2 reduction,
in which photosensitizer and catalyst units are connected through
a bridging ligand, were developed for removing a diffusion control
on collisions between a photosensitizer and a catalyst. Supramolecular
photocatalysts, in which [Ru(N∧N)3]2+-type photosensitizer and Re(I) or Ru(II) catalyst units
are connected to each other with an alkyl chain, efficiently and selectively
photocatalyzed CO2 reduction in solutions. Mechanistic
studies using time-resolved IR and electrochemical measurements provided
molecular architecture for constructing efficient supramolecular photocatalysts.
A Ru(II)–Re(I) supramolecular photocatalyst constructed according
to this molecular architecture efficiently photocatalyzed CO2 reduction even when it was fixed on solid materials. Harnessing
this property of the supramolecular photocatalysts, two types of hybrid
photocatalytic systems were developed, namely, photocatalysts with
light-harvesting capabilities and photoelectrochemical systems for
CO2 reduction. Introduction of light-harvesting capabilities
into molecular photocatalytic
systems should be important because the intensity of solar light shone
on the earth’s surface is relatively low. Periodic mesoporous
organosilica, in which methyl acridone groups are embedded in the
silica framework as light harvesters, was combined with a Ru(II)–Re(I)
supramolecular photocatalyst with phosphonic acid anchoring groups.
In this hybrid, the photons absorbed by approximately 40 methyl acridone
groups were transferred to one Ru(II) photosensitizer unit, and then,
the photocatalytic CO2 reduction commenced. To use
water as an abundant electron donor, we developed hybrid
photocatalytic systems combining metal-complex photocatalysts with
semiconductor photocatalysts that display high photooxidation powers,
in which two photons are sequentially absorbed by the metal-complex
photosensitizer and the semiconductor, resulting in both high oxidation
and reduction power. Various types of dye-sensitized molecular photocathodes
comprising the p-type semiconductor electrodes and the supramolecular
photocatalysts were developed. Full photoelectrochemical cells combining
these dye-sensitized molecular photocathodes and n-type semiconductor
photoanodes achieved CO2 reduction using only visible light
as the energy source and water as the reductant. Drastic improvement
of dye-sensitized molecular photocathodes is reported. The results
presented in this Account clearly indicate that we
can construct very efficient, selective, and durable photocatalytic
systems constructed with the metal-complex photosensitizers and catalysts.
The supramolecular-photocatalyst architecture in which the photosensitizer
and the catalyst are connected to each other is useful especially
on the surface of solid owing to rapid electron transfer from the
photosensitizer to the catalyst. On basis of these findings, we successfully
constructed hybrid systems of the supramolecular photocatalysts with
photoactive solid materials. These hybridizations can add new functions
to the metal-complex photocatalytic systems, such as water oxidation
and light harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromu Kumagai
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tamaki
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Osamu Ishitani
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
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Xia W, Ren YY, Liu J, Deng BY, Wang F. Non-synergistic photocatalysis of CO2-to-CO conversion by a binuclear complex of rigidly linking two cobalt catalytic centers. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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14
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Reguero M, Masdeu-Bultó AM, Claver C. Mechanistic insights of CO2 photocatalytic reduction: experimental versus computational studies. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mar Reguero
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili Química Física i Inorgànica C. Marcel·lí Domingo, 1 43007 Tarragona SPAIN
| | | | - Carmen Claver
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili Physical and Inorganic Chemistry SPAIN
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15
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Liu T, Chen L, Chao D. Noble metal-free bis-tridentate benzimidazole zinc(II) and iron(II) complexes for selective CO 2 photoreduction. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:4052-4057. [PMID: 35175260 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00226d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Three noble metal-free metal complexes [Fe(Me-bzimpy)2]2+ (Fe1), [Fe(bzimpy)2]2+ (Fe2) and [Zn(Me-bzimpy)2]2+ (Zn1) were synthesized and studied in the visible light-driven CO2 reduction, where ligands bzimpy and Me-bzimpy were 2,6-bis(1-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)pyridine and 2,6-bis(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)pyridine, respectively. It was found that Fe1 displayed the best photocatalytic performance with a turnover number (TON) of 878 and high selectivity up to 99.2% towards CO generation in the presence of an organic thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) photosensitizer, which was more than 10 times that of Fe2 (TONCO = 63) and Zn1 (TONCO = 53). This is attributed to the much higher stability of Fe1 upon reduction, as proved by the cyclic voltammograms of the three complexes. These results highlight the cooperation of ligands and metals in molecular metal complexes for CO2 photoreduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| | - Longxin Chen
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| | - Duobin Chao
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
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16
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Sauvé ER, Mayder DM, Kamal S, Oderinde MS, Hudson ZM. An Imidazoacridine-Based TADF Material as Effective Organic Photosensitizer for Visible-Light-Promoted [2+2] Cycloaddition. Chem Sci 2022; 13:2296-2302. [PMID: 35310486 PMCID: PMC8864701 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05098b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy transfer (EnT) is a fundamental activation process in visible-light-promoted photocycloaddition reactions. This work describes the performance of imidazoacridine-based TADF materials for visible-light mediated triplet–triplet EnT photocatalysis. The TADF material ACR-IMAC has been discovered as an inexpensive, high-performance organic alternative to the commonly used metal-based photosensitizers for visible-light EnT photocatalysis. The efficiency of ACR-IMAC as a photosensitizer is comparable with Ir-based photosensitizers in both intra- and intermolecular [2 + 2] cycloadditions. ACR-IMAC mediated both dearomative and non-dearomative [2 + 2] cycloadditions in good yields, with high regio- and diastereocontrol. Cyclobutane-containing bi- tri- and tetracylic scaffolds were successfully prepared, with broad tolerance toward functional groups relevant to drug discovery campaigns. Fluorescence quenching experiments, time-correlated single-photon counting, and transient absorption spectroscopy were also conducted to provide insight into the reaction and evidence for an EnT mechanism. This work describes the performance of imidazoacridine-based TADF materials for visible-light mediated triplet–triplet EnT photocatalysis.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan R Sauvé
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada +1-604-822-2691
| | - Don M Mayder
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada +1-604-822-2691
| | - Saeid Kamal
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada +1-604-822-2691
| | - Martins S Oderinde
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development 3551 Lawrenceville Road, Princeton New Jersey 08540 USA +1-609-252-5237
| | - Zachary M Hudson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada +1-604-822-2691
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17
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Wang Y, Chen L, Liu T, Chao D. Coordination-driven discrete metallo-supramolecular assembly for rapid and selective photochemical CO 2 reduction in aqueous solution. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:6273-6280. [PMID: 33876807 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00692d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A discrete metallo-supramolecular assembly composed of six iron(ii) cations and twelve redox-active terpyridine fragments has been developed for the highly efficient visible-light-driven reduction of CO2 to CO with a TON of 14 956 and 99.6% selectivity in the presence of an organic thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) photosensitizer 4CzIPN in aqueous solution. The photochemical system proceeds rapidly with a turnover frequency (TOF) of 276 min-1. It is demonstrated that the redox-active terpyridine fragments in the assembly are reduced by the photosensitizer which could further act as an electron reservoir for CO2 reduction, resulting in the highly efficient reduction of CO2. This work shows that discrete metallo-supramolecular assemblies could be used for robust photochemical CO2 reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| | - Longxin Chen
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| | - Ting Liu
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| | - Duobin Chao
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
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18
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Wang Y, Liu T, Chen L, Chao D. Water-Assisted Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Reduction of CO 2 to CO with Noble Metal-Free Bis(terpyridine)iron(II) Complexes and an Organic Photosensitizer. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:5590-5597. [PMID: 33615787 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction is believed to be a promising approach for CO2 utilization. In this work, a noble metal-free photocatalytic system, composed of bis(terpyridine)iron(II) complexes and an organic thermally activated delayed fluorescence compound, has been developed for selective reduction of CO2 to CO with a maximum turnover number up to 6320, 99.4% selectivity, and turnover frequency of 127 min-1 under visible-light irradiation in dimethylformamide/H2O solution. More than 0.3 mmol CO was generated using 0.05 μmol catalyst after 2 h of light irradiation. The apparent quantum yield was found to be 9.5% at 440 nm (180 mW cm-2). Control experiments and UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy studies further demonstrated that water strongly promoted the photocatalytic cycle and terpyridine ligands rather than Fe(II) were initially reduced during the photocatalytic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Ting Liu
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Longxin Chen
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Duobin Chao
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
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19
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Chen L, Zhang SF, Chen Z, Zhen Q, Xiong W, Shao Y, Ge JY, Lv N, Chen J. Ni-catalyzed cascade coupling reactions: synthesis and thermally-activated delayed fluorescence characterization of quinazolinone derivatives. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj02871e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A nickel-catalyzed cascade coupling of 2-(2-(arylcarbonyl)-4-oxoquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)acetonitrile and arylboronic acid for the synthesis of pyrazino-fused quinazolinones has been developed. The TADF effect of 3a in the solid-state was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lepeng Chen
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
| | - Shou-Feng Zhang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545616, P. R. China
| | - Zhongyan Chen
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Zhen
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
| | - Wenzhang Xiong
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
| | - Yinlin Shao
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Yuan Ge
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
| | - Ningning Lv
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
| | - Jiuxi Chen
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
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20
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Bryden MA, Zysman-Colman E. Organic thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) compounds used in photocatalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:7587-7680. [PMID: 34002736 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00198a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Organic compounds that show Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF) have become wildly popular as next-generation emitters in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). Since 2016, a subset of these have found increasing use as photocatalysts. This review comprehensively highlights their potential by documenting the diversity of the reactions where an organic TADF photocatalyst can be used in lieu of a noble metal complex photocatalyst. Beyond the small number of TADF photocatalysts that have been used to date, the analysis conducted within this review reveals the wider potential of organic donor-acceptor TADF compounds as photocatalysts. A discussion of the benefits of compounds showing TADF for photocatalysis is presented, which paints a picture of a very promising future for organic photocatalyst development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Amy Bryden
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
| | - Eli Zysman-Colman
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
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