1
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Sun SN, Niu Q, Lin JM, He LL, Shi JW, Huang Q, Liu J, Lan YQ. Sulfur atom-directed metal-ligand synergistic catalysis in zirconium/hafnium-oxo clusters for highly efficient amine oxidation. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:492-501. [PMID: 38044194 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The performance applications (e.g., photocatalysis) of zirconium (Zr) and hafnium (Hf) based complexes are greatly hindered by the limited development of their structures and the relatively inert metal reactivity. In this work, we constructed two ultrastable Zr/Hf-based clusters (Zr9-TC4A and Hf9-TC4A) using hydrophobic 4-tert-butylthiacalix[4]arene (H4TC4A) ligands, in which unsaturated coordinated sulfur (S) atoms on the TC4A4- ligand can generate strong metal-ligand synergy with nearby active metal Zr/Hf sites. As a result, these two functionalized H4TC4A ligands modified Zr/Hf-oxo clusters, as catalysts for the amine oxidation reaction, exhibited excellent catalytic activity, achieving very high substrate conversion (>99%) and product selectivity (>90%). Combining comparative experiments and theoretical calculations, we found that these Zr/Hf-based cluster catalysts accomplish efficient amine oxidation reactions through synergistic effect between metals and ligands: (i) The photocatalytic benzylamine (BA) oxidation reaction was achieved by the synergistic effect of the dual active sites, in which, the naked S sites on the TC4A4- ligand oxidize the BA by photogenerated hole and oxygen molecules are reduced by photogenerated electrons on the metal active sites; (ii) in the aniline oxidation reaction, aniline was adsorbed by the bare S sites on ligands to be closer to metal active sites and then oxidized by the oxygen-containing radicals activated by the metal sites, thus completing the catalytic reaction under the synergistic catalytic effect of the proximity metal-ligand. In this work, the Zr/Hf-based complexes applied in the oxidation of organic amines have been realized using active S atom-directed metal-ligand synergistic catalysis and have demonstrated very high reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Nan Sun
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qian Niu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiao-Min Lin
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Li-Ling He
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jing-Wen Shi
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qing Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Ya-Qian Lan
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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2
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Talmazan RA, Refugio Monroy J, del Río‐Portilla F, Castillo I, Podewitz M. Encapsulation Enhances the Catalytic Activity of C-N Coupling: Reaction Mechanism of a Cu(I)/Calix[8]arene Supramolecular Catalyst. ChemCatChem 2022; 14:e202200662. [PMID: 36605358 PMCID: PMC9804476 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Development of C-N coupling methodologies based on Earth-abundant metals is a promising strategy in homogeneous catalysis for sustainable processes. However, such systems suffer from deactivation and low catalytic activity. We here report that encapsulation of Cu(I) within the phenanthroyl-containing calix[8]arene derivative 1,5-(2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroyl)-2,3,4,6,7,8-hexamethyl-p-tert-butylcalix[8]arene (C8PhenMe6 ) significantly enhances C-N coupling activity up to 92 % yield in the reaction of aryl halides and aryl amines, with low catalyst loadings (2.5 % mol). A tailored multiscale computational protocol based on Molecular Dynamics simulations and DFT investigations revealed an oxidative addition/reductive elimination process of the supramolecular catalyst [Cu(C8PhenMe6)I]. The computational investigations uncovered the origins of the enhanced catalytic activity over its molecular analogues: Catalyst deactivation through dimerization is prevented, and product release facilitated. Capturing the dynamic profile of the macrocycle and the impact of non-covalent interactions on reactivity allows for the rationalization of the behavior of the flexible supramolecular catalysts employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu A. Talmazan
- Institute of Materials ChemistryTU WienGetreidemarkt 91060ViennaAustria
- Institute of General, Inorganic, and Theoretical Chemistry and Center of Molecular BiosciencesUniversity of InnsbruckInnrain 80/826020InnsbruckAustria
| | - J. Refugio Monroy
- Instituto de QuímicaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCircuito ExteriorCU, Ciudad de México04510México
- Present address: Department of ChemistryHumboldt Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Strasse 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Federico del Río‐Portilla
- Instituto de QuímicaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCircuito ExteriorCU, Ciudad de México04510México
| | - Ivan Castillo
- Instituto de QuímicaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCircuito ExteriorCU, Ciudad de México04510México
| | - Maren Podewitz
- Institute of Materials ChemistryTU WienGetreidemarkt 91060ViennaAustria
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3
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Li N, Yang P, Pan MY, Lv XY, Zou GD, Fan Y. Lanthanide‒containing titanium-oxo clusters with high aqueous stability for photocatalytic application. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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4
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Tian YQ, Cui YS, Zhu JH, Xu CQ, Yi XY, Li J, Liu C. Ancillary ligand-regulated Ti(IV)-based metallocalixarene coordination cages for photocatalytic H 2 evolution. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:9034-9037. [PMID: 35876039 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03131k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
High-valence Ti(IV)-based metallocalixarene coordination cages that are linked by oriented ancillary ligands are unknown so far. Herein, the first family of tunable calixarene-based coordination cages of Ti(IV) with a framework formula [Ti12(OiPr)12(TBC[4])6L6] have been assembled from six {Ti2(OiPr)2(TBC[4])}2+ nodes and six pyridinedicarboxylic ligands. Furthermore, the {Ti12L6} cage showed strong photocatalytic H2 evolution activity, and DFT studies were performed to explore its electronic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Qi Tian
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China.
| | - Yun-Shu Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Jia-Hui Zhu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China.
| | - Cong-Qiao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Xiao-Yi Yi
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China.
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China. .,Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China.
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5
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Tian YQ, Han EM, Wan B, Yu WD, Chen MZ, Yan J, Yi XY, Liu C. Heterometallic Polyoxotitanium Clusters as Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Overall Water Splitting. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:10151-10158. [PMID: 35748673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Incorporating heterometal into titanium-oxygen clusters (TOCs) is an effective way to improve its catalytic activity. Herein, we synthesize three novel heterometallic TOCs with the formula of [Ti6Cu2O7(Dmg)2(OAc)4(iPrO)6][H2Ti6Cu2O7(Dmg)2(OAc)4(iPrO)8] ({Ti6Cu2}), [Ti8Cu2O9(Dmg)2(OAc)2(iPrO)12] ({Ti8Cu2}), and [Ti10Co2O6(Dmg)2(Pdc)4(iPrO)18Cl3] ({Ti10Co2}, DmgH2 = dimethylglyoxime; PdcH2 = pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid) using dimethylglyoxime and different carboxylates as the synergistic ligands. By depositing the clusters {Ti6Cu2} and {Ti10Co2} on carbon cloth as electrodes, we investigated the electrocatalytic performance of TOCs for full water splitting for the first time. To reach a 10 mA cm-2 current density in an alkaline solution, the {Ti10Co2}@CC electrode needs an overpotential as low as 120 and 400 mV for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), respectively. In addition, full water-splitting equipment with {Ti10Co2}@CC as a cathode and an anode need only 1.67 V to deliver a current density of 10 mA cm-2. Our work confirmed the potential of noble metal-free TOCs as bifunctional cluster-based electrocatalysts for water splitting, and their activities can be tuned by doping with different metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Qi Tian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Er-Meng Han
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Bo Wan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Dong Yu
- College of Science, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha 410000, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Zhao Chen
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clean Energy and Materials, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jun Yan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yi Yi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Chao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China
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6
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Ignaszak A, Patterson N, O'Brien C, True A, Elsegood MRJ, Prior TJ, Redshaw C. Heterometallic cobalt(ii) calix[6 and 8]arenes: synthesis, structure and electrochemical activity. RSC Adv 2022; 12:11672-11685. [PMID: 35481098 PMCID: PMC9010074 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01009g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterometallic cobalt p-tert-butylcalix[6 and 8]arenes have been generated from the in situ reaction of lithium reagents (n-BuLi or t-BuOLi) or NaH with the parent calix[n]arene and subsequent reaction with CoBr2. The reverse route, involving the addition of in situ generated Li[Co(Ot-Bu)3] to p-tert-butylcalix[6 and 8]arene, has also been investigated. X-ray crystallography reveals the formation of complicated products incorporating differing numbers of cobalt and lithium or sodium centers, often with positional disorder, as well as, in some cases, the retention of halide. The electrochemical analysis revealed several oxidation events related to the subsequent oxidation of Co(ii) centers and the reduction of the metal cation at negative potentials. Moreover, the electrochemical activity of the phenol moieties of the parent calix[n]arenes resulted in dimerized products or quinone derivatives, leading to insoluble oligomeric products that deposit and passivate the electrode. Preliminary screening for electrochemical proton reduction revealed good activity for a number of these systems. Results suggest that [Co6Na(NCMe)6(μ-O)(p-tert-butylcalix[6]areneH)2Br]·7MeCN (6·7MeCN) is a promising molecular catalyst for electrochemical proton reduction, with a mass transport coefficient, catalytic charge transfer resistance and current magnitude at the catalytic turnover region that are comparable to those of the reference electrocatalyst (Co(ii)Cl2). Reactions between p-tert-butylcalix[6 and 8]arenes and lithium or sodium reagents led to complex structures often with positional disorder. Such systems are capable of electrochemical proton reduction.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ignaszak
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick 30 Dineen Drive Fredericton NB E3B 5A3 Canada
| | - Nigel Patterson
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick 30 Dineen Drive Fredericton NB E3B 5A3 Canada
| | - Connor O'Brien
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick 30 Dineen Drive Fredericton NB E3B 5A3 Canada
| | - Allison True
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick 30 Dineen Drive Fredericton NB E3B 5A3 Canada
| | - Mark R J Elsegood
- Chemistry Department, Loughborough University Loughborough Leicestershire LE11 3TU UK
| | - Timothy J Prior
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull Cottingham Road Hull HU6 7RX UK
| | - Carl Redshaw
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull Cottingham Road Hull HU6 7RX UK
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7
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Wu YX, Liu XR, Yu WD, Li LJ, Pan F, Liu W, Liu C. A Bimetallic Ag/Ti ‐Based Coordination Polymer as a Catalyst for Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction and Selective Sulfide Oxidation. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202101115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xin Wu
- Lanzhou University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Xue Ru Liu
- Northwest University College of Chemistry and Materials science CHINA
| | - Wei-Dong Yu
- Central South University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Lei-Jiao Li
- Changchun University of Science and Technology School of Chemical and Eenviromental Engineering CHINA
| | - Fuxing Pan
- Lanzhou University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Weisheng Liu
- Lanzhou University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Chao Liu
- Central South University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 932 Lushan South Road 410083 Changsha CHINA
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8
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Han EM, Yu WD, Wang B, Yan J, Yi XY, Liu C. Self-Assembly of Chiral Ferrocene-Functionalized Polyoxotitanium Clusters for Photocatalytic Selective Sulfide Oxidation. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:2903-2910. [PMID: 35113567 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Here, we systematically studied the self-assembly behavior of chiral polyoxytitanium clusters for the first time. Through the cooperative assembly of ferrocenecarboxylic acid and ketoxime ligands, we successfully incorporated the planar chirality of ferrocene (Fc) into the layered {Ti5} building blocks. The resulting {Ti5Fc} clusters can be used as structural units to assemble into large ordered structures in various ways; either a pair of {Ti5Fc} enantiomers are bridged by organic adhesive to form sandwich structures or two homochiral {Ti5Fc} units participate in the assembly to form the large clusters. Depending on the assembly modes, the chirality of {Ti5Fc} can be transferred to large nanoclusters or disappear to form mesostructures. The difference of the assembly modes between the {Ti5Fc} units can also tune the photoelectric activity of the resulting clusters, which has been verified by using {Ti10Fc-6/7} as catalysts for photocatalytic selective sulfide oxidation. This work not only is an important breakthrough in the study of the self-assembly of chiral nanoclusters but also provides an important reference for understanding of chiral transfer on the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Er-Meng Han
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Dong Yu
- China College of Science, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha 410000, P. R. China
| | - Bo Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Jun Yan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yi Yi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Chao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China
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9
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Han EM, Yu WD, Yan J, Yi XY, Liu C. Metal-Directed Self-Assembly of {Ti 8L 2} Cluster-Based Coordination Polymers with Enhanced Photocatalytic Alcohol Oxidation Activity. Inorg Chem 2021; 61:923-930. [PMID: 34968030 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cooperative assembly of the neutral cluster {Ti8O5(OEt)18L2} (L = pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid) with different metal units of Mn(NO3)2, CuCl2, Zn(OEt)2, Cd(NO3)2, Ce(NO3)3, Lu(NO3)3, and Lu(NO3)2(OEt), or the [Cu2I2] cluster, generates a family of titanium-oxygen cluster (TOC)-based coordination polymers. These one-dimensional (1D) linear structures contain the same {Ti8L2} cluster but with variable bridging metal units. The regulation of the heterometal not only affects the chain geometries of the {MTi8} but also affects the way the 1D chains are stacked in the crystal lattice. Investigation of the catalytic activities toward alcohol oxidation demonstrated the synergetic effect of combining the metal site and the photosensitive {Ti8L2} cluster in the tailored structure. Under light illumination, the {MTi8} with dual catalytic sites shows greatly enhanced catalytic activity in the selective oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes. Because the compositions and structures of {MTi8} are highly tunable, this work spotlights the potential of utilizing such metal-bridged multidimensional Ti-oxo materials for cooperative photoredox catalysis for organic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Er-Meng Han
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Dong Yu
- College of Science, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha 410000, P. R. China
| | - Jun Yan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yi Yi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Chao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China
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10
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Wu YX, Liu XR, Chen G, Tian YQ, Yan J, Yi XY, Liu C. Cd-Doped Polyoxotitanium Nanoclusters with a Modifiable Organic Shell for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:19263-19269. [PMID: 34817992 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Incorporating heterometal and chromogenic groups into the titanium oxo cluster (TOC) nanomaterials is one of the effective strategies for the development of new high-performance photoelectrically active materials. In this Article, we report the structures and photoelectrochemical (PEC) performances of a family of TOCs, including pure [Ti12O8(OEt)16L8] ({Me-Ti12}) and six Cd-doped clusters formulated as [H4Cd2Ti10O8(OEt)16(L)8(H2O)2] ({Cd2Ti10}; L = salicylic acid and their derivatives). The six Cd-doped clusters are isostructural, containing the same {Cd2Ti10O8} core, but are protected by salicylic ligands modified with different functional groups. The compositions, structures, and solution stability of these clusters have been studied in detail by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry measurements. The embedding of heterometallic Cd(II) and chemical modification of organic protective shells can effectively regulate the PEC water oxidation activity of those clusters, with {F-Cd2Ti10} having the highest turnover number of 518.55 and the highest turnover frequency of 172.85 h-1. Our work highlights the potential of using TOCs that do not contain noble metals as water oxidation catalysts, and their catalytic activity can be regulated by structural modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xin Wu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Ru Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Guo Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Qi Tian
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Jun Yan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yi Yi
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Chao Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China
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11
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12
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Li N, Zhao SQ, Ding XR, Hu XY, Zhang QK, Zou GD, Fan Y. 8-Hydroxyquinoline functionalized titanium-oxo clusters for visible-light-driven photocatalytic oxidative desulfurization. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2021.108681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Xing T, Wang Z, Sun Y, He Z, Wang K, Liu Z, Elsegood MRJ, Bedwell EV, Redshaw C. Co‐polymerization of propylene oxide and
CO
2
using early transition metal (groups
IV
and V) metallocalix[
n
]arenes (n = 4, 6, 8). J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Xing
- Plastics Collaboratory, Department of Chemistry University of Hull Hull UK
| | - Zhong‐Yu Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an China
| | - Yong‐Chang Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an China
| | - Zhen‐Hong He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an China
| | - Kuan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an China
| | - Zhao‐Tie Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an China
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an China
| | | | | | - Carl Redshaw
- Plastics Collaboratory, Department of Chemistry University of Hull Hull UK
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14
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Wang C, Wang SJ, Kong FG. Calixarene-Protected Titanium-Oxo Clusters and Their Photocurrent Responses and Photocatalytic Performances. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:5034-5041. [PMID: 33677968 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Three photosensitive tert-butylcalix[n]arene (TBC[n], n = 4, 6, 8)-protected titanium-oxo clusters (TOCs), formulated as [Ti4(μ3-O)2(TBC[4])2(OiPr)4(DEF)2]·DEF (1, TBC[4]-Ti4, DEF = N,N-diethylformamide), [Ti4(μ4-O)TBC[6](OCH3)9]·H2O (2, TBC[6]-Ti4), and [Ti4(μ3-O)2(OiPr)4TBC[8](DEF)2]·DEF (3, TBC[8]-Ti4), were successfully synthesized and characterized. Because of the generation of charge transfer from TBC[n] to the TiO core, the three TBC[n]-decorated TOCs show a broadened visible-light absorption and narrowed optical band gap based on the UV-visible spectra and density functional theory calculations. The corresponding photosensitive electrodes prepared using these three TOCs exhibit stable photocurrent responses. Furthermore, their photocatalytic performances for hydrogen evolution and methylene blue degradation were evaluated, and all of the materials display excellent photocatalytic activity and stability. The calixarene-Ti coordination is therefore an effective strategy to enlarge the visible-light absorption band of Ti-O materials and improve their photoelectric/photocatalytic performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), No. 3501 University Road, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Shou-Juan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), No. 3501 University Road, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Fan-Gong Kong
- Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), No. 3501 University Road, Jinan, 250353, China
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15
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Xing T, Prior TJ, Chen K, Redshaw C. Titanium complexes bearing oxa- and azacalix[4, 6]arenes: structural studies and use in the ring opening homo-/co-polymerization of cyclic esters. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:4396-4407. [PMID: 33704325 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00189b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of excess [Ti(OiPr)4] with p-tert-butyltetrahomodioxacalix[6]areneH6 (L1H6) afforded, after work-up (MeCN), the complex [Ti2(OiPr)2(MeCN)L1]·3.5MeCN (1·3.5MeCN), whilst the oxo complex [Ti4(μ3-O)2(H2O)(L1)2]·MeCN (2·MeCN) was isolated via a fortuitous synthesis involving the use of two equivalents of [Ti(OiPr)4]. Reactions of p-methyl-dimethyldiazacalix[6]areneH6 (L2H6) with [TiF4] (four equivalents), [TiCl4(THF)2] (two equivalents) or [TiBr4] (>four equivalents) resulted in the titanium-based azacalix[n]arene complexes [Ti4F14L2H2(H)2]·2.5MeCN (3·2.5MeCN), [Ti2X4(H2O)2OL2H2(H)2] (X = Cl (4·5MeCN), Br (5·4.5MeCN) and [Ti4Br12L2(H)2(MeCN)6]·7MeCN (6·7MeCN), respectively. Reaction of four equivalents of [TiF4] with L3H4 (L3H4 = p-methyl-dimethyldiazacalix[4]areneH4) afforded the product [Ti2F2(μ-F)3L3(H)2(SiF5)]·2MeCN (7·2MeCN). These complexes have been screened for their potential to act as pre-catalysts in the ring opening polymerization (ROP) of ε-caprolactone (ε-CL), δ-valerolactone (δ-VL) and rac-lactide (r-LA). Generally, the titanium complexes bearing oxacalixarene exhibited better activities than the azacalixarene-based pre-catalysts. For ε-CL, δ-VL and r-LA, moderate activity at 130 °C over 24 h was observed for 1-6. In the case of the co-polymerization of ε-CL with r-LA, 1-6 afforded reasonable conversions and high molecular weight polymers; 7 exhibited lower catalytic performance due to low solubility. None of the complexes proved to be active in the polymerization of ω-pentadecalactone (ω-PDL) under the conditions employed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Xing
- Plastics Collaboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
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Han EM, Yu WD, Li LJ, Yi XY, Yan J, Liu C. Accurate assembly of ferrocene-functionalized {Ti22Fc4} clusters with photocatalytic amine oxidation activity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:2792-2795. [PMID: 33599676 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00019e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We report here the synthesis of a ferrocene-functionalized {Ti22Fc4} cluster with a 'dimer-of-clusters' topology, which represents the largest Ti-oxo cluster (TOC) modified with organometallic groups ever reported. The exact assembly path of {Ti22Fc4} can be inferred from its two substructures, {Ti11Fc2} and {Ti5Fc}, which can also be synthesized independently through subtle changes in reaction conditions. Furthermore, we used these clusters as photocatalysts, and have studied, for the first time, the photocatalytic activity of TOCs in the oxidative coupling of amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Er-Meng Han
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China.
| | - Wei-Dong Yu
- Hunan Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Science and Space Breeding, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha 410000, P. R. China
| | - Lei-Jiao Li
- Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Canter of Optical Materials and Chemistry, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Yi
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China.
| | - Jun Yan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China.
| | - Chao Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China.
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Yu WD, Zhang Y, Han YY, Li B, Shao S, Zhang LP, Xie HK, Yan J. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Tris-Anderson Polyoxometalates for Facile CO 2 Cycloaddition. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:3980-3987. [PMID: 33626279 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Four new tris-Anderson polyoxometalates (POMs), (NH4)4[ZnMo6O18(C4H8NO3)(OH)3]·4H2O (1), (NH4)4[CuMo6O18(C4H8NO3)(OH)3]·4H2O (2), (TBA)3(NH4)[ZnMo6O17(C5H9O3)2(OH)]·10H2O (3) (TBA = n-C16H36N), and (NH4)4[CuMo6O18(C5H9O3)2]·16H2O (4), were synthesized by a microwave-assisted method. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction revealed that 1 and 2 contained a tris (trihydroxyl organic compounds) ligand grafted on one side, while two tris ligands were grafted on two sides to form χ/δ and δ/δ isomers in 3 and 4, respectively. 1H and 13C NMR spectra of the χ/δ isomer 3 were obtained for the first time, with six methylenes showing six peaks in the 1H NMR spectrum and only four peaks in the 13C NMR spectrum. Mass spectrometry monitoring revealed that during the microwave-assistant process the tris ligand can graft onto POMs to form 1, while tris directly coordinates with metallic heteroatoms to form isopolymolybdates during the conventional reflux synthesis process. In addition, 1-4 can catalyze CO2 with epoxides into cyclic carbonates with high selectivity and yields at an atmospheric pressure of CO2, which is lower than the pressure of CO2 in other catalysis using POMs as catalysts. Furthermore, 1-4 showed good catalytic stability and cycling properties. Mechanism studies substantiated POMs cocatalyzed with Br- to improve the catalytic yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Dong Yu
- Hunan Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Science and Space Breeding, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha 410000, P. R. China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Junior Education Department, Changsha Normal University, Changsha 410100, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Yang Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410000, P. R. China
| | - Bin Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410000, P. R. China
| | - Sai Shao
- Hunan Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Science and Space Breeding, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha 410000, P. R. China
| | - Le-Ping Zhang
- Hunan Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Science and Space Breeding, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha 410000, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Ke Xie
- Hunan Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Science and Space Breeding, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha 410000, P. R. China
| | - Jun Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410000, P. R. China
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