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Zhou Q, Li B, Zhang X, Fan X. C-H activation-initiated spiroannulation reactions and their applications in the synthesis of spirocyclic compounds. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:2324-2338. [PMID: 38391295 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob02056h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Spirocyclic skeletons are prevalent in natural products, pharmaceuticals and organic functional materials. Meanwhile, transition-metal-catalyzed C-H activation reactions have demonstrated unparalleled advantages such as high efficiency, excellent atom-economy, good chemoselectivity and regioselectivity for the formation of target organic molecules. In recent years, C-H activation reactions have been creatively utilized in the synthesis of spirocyclic compounds. This review summarizes the most recent progress made in C-H activation-initiated spiroannulation reactions and their applications in the construction of structurally diverse and biologically valuable spirocyclic scaffolds by using alkynes, diazo compounds, maleimides, alkenes, quinones and cyclopropenones as the coupling partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianting Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
| | - Xinying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
| | - Xuesen Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
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2
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Khan ZA, Singh VK. Synthesis of Spiroisoindolinones via Ru(II)-Catalyzed Spiroannulation of N-Acyl Ketimines with Aryl Isocyanates/Isothiocyanates through Aromatic C-H Bond Activation. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 38053308 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we disclose the first report on Ru(II)-catalyzed amidation/thioamidation of 3-hydroxy-3-arylisoindolinones with isocyanates/isothiocyanates, respectively. The reaction furnishes spiroisoindolinones via sequential C-H functionalization of ortho C-H bond followed by intramolecular cyclization in moderate to high yields (up to 94%). Moreover, the developed strategy is highly atom-economical and site-selective and shows diverse substrate generality. Also, synthesized spiroisoindolinones undergo several chemical transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Ahmad Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208 016, India
| | - Vinod K Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208 016, India
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3
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Mondal S, Giri CK, Baidya M. Enaminone-directed ruthenium(II)-catalyzed C-H activation and annulation of arenes with diazonaphthoquinones for polycyclic benzocoumarins. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13187-13190. [PMID: 37850468 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03999d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The weakly coordinating enaminone functionality has been leveraged for a C-H bond activation strategy under ruthenium catalysis and employed in the regioselective annulative coupling of arenes with diazonaphthoquinones, offering polycyclic benzocoumarins in very high yields. The enaminone motif plays a dual role and the protocol operates through a Ru(II)/Ru(IV) catalytic pathway which is amenable to the diversification of various pharmacophore-coupled substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeshna Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Chandan Kumar Giri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Mahiuddin Baidya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India.
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4
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Zhang M, He Y, Li S, Geng Y, Liu X, Yang X. Synthesis of spiropyrans and arylquinones via Ru(II)-catalyzed condition-controlled coupling of 3-aryl-2 H-benzoxazinones with benzoquinones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11704-11707. [PMID: 37700730 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03395c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Ru(II)-catalyzed condition-controlled divergent coupling between 3-aryl-2H-benzoxazin-2-ones and benzoquinones has been realized under operationally simple conditions, affording a series of structurally stable spiropyrans and valuable arylquinones. The potential of this method is also demonstrated by scale-up synthesis and derivatization. Additionally, an unprecedented cycloruthenated complex has been identified as a key intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Yuhao He
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Song Li
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Yuehua Geng
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Xiangyang Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Xifa Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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5
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Ling B, Wang S, Xie Y, Liu P, Jiang YY, Zhong W, Bi S. Mechanistic Insights Into the Rhodium-Catalyzed C-H Alkenylation/Directing Group Migration and [3+2] Annulation: A DFT Study. J Org Chem 2023; 88:4494-4503. [PMID: 36972416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c03089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of the rhodium-catalyzed C-H alkenylation/directing group migration and [3+2] annulation of N-aminocarbonylindoles with 1,3-diynes has been investigated with DFT calculations. On the basis of mechanistic studies, we mainly focus on the regioselectivity of 1,3-diyne inserting into the Rh-C bond and the N-aminocarbonyl directing group migration involved in the reactions. Our theoretical study uncovers that the directing group migration undergoes a stepwise β-N elimination and isocyanate reinsertion process. As studied in this work, this finding is also applicable to other relevant reactions. Additionally, the role of Na+ versus Cs+ involved in the [3+2] cyclization reaction is also probed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoping Ling
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, PR China
| | - Shuangjie Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, PR China
| | - Yuxin Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, PR China
| | - Peng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, PR China
| | - Yuan-Ye Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, PR China
| | - Wenhui Zhong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, PR China
| | - Siwei Bi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, PR China
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Lin CY, Huang WW, Huang YT, Dhole S, Barve IJ, Sun CM. Rh(III)-Catalyzed Switchable [4 + 1] and [4 + 2] Annulation of N-Aryl Pyrazolones with Maleimides: An Access to Spiro Pyrazolo[1,2- a]indazole-pyrrolidine and Fused Pyrazolopyrrolo Cinnolines. J Org Chem 2023; 88:3424-3435. [PMID: 36864685 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
A rhodium(III)-catalyzed controllable [4 + 1] and [4 + 2] annulation of N-aryl pyrazolones with maleimides as C1 and C2 synthon has been explored for the synthesis of spiro[pyrazolo[1,2-a]indazole-pyrrolidines] and fused pyrazolopyrrolo cinnolines. The product selectivity was achieved through time-dependent annulation. The [4 + 1] annulation reaction involves sequential Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H alkenylation of N-aryl pyrazolone, followed by an intramolecular spirocyclization via aza-Michael-type addition to afford spiro[pyrazolo[1,2-a]indazole-pyrrolidine]. However, prolonged reaction time converts in situ formed spiro[pyrazolo[1,2-a]indazole-pyrrolidine] into fused pyrazolopyrrolocinnoline. This unique product formation switch proceeds via strain-driven ring expansion through a 1,2-shift of the C-C bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yu Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao-Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 300-10, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wan-Wen Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao-Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 300-10, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ying-Ti Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao-Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 300-10, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sandip Dhole
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao-Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 300-10, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Indrajeet J Barve
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao-Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 300-10, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Chemistry, MES Abasaheb Garware College, Pune 411004, Maharashtra, India
| | - Chung-Ming Sun
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao-Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 300-10, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807-08, Taiwan, ROC
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7
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Dutta A, Jeganmohan M. Palladium-Catalyzed C-H Functionalization of Aryl Acetamides and Benzoquinones: Synthesis of Substituted Aryl Quinones. J Org Chem 2022; 87:13154-13167. [PMID: 36094897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of aryl-substituted quinones via Pd(II)-catalyzed C-H functionalization of less expensive and abundant benzoquinones with aryl acetamides is demonstrated. An auxiliary ligand N,N-bidentate-directing group 8-aminoquinoline plays a crucial role in the success of the reaction. A broad range of substituted phenyl acetamides including commercially available drug molecules were examined and also found to be highly compatible with quinones. The aryl-substituted quinones were also easily converted into aryl-substituted hydroquinone derivatives. A plausible reaction mechanism was proposed to account for the selective distal C-H bond functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
| | - Masilamani Jeganmohan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
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8
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Topolovčan N, Degač M, Čikoš A, Gredičak M. Chemoselective and Regioselective Synthesis of Spiroisoindolinone Indenes via an Intercepted Meyer-Schuster Rearrangement/Intramolecular Friedel-Crafts Alkylation Relay. J Org Chem 2022; 87:3712-3717. [PMID: 35139639 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A Brønsted acid-catalyzed reaction between isoindolinone-derived propargylic alcohols and external aromatic nucleophiles for the construction of spiroisoindolinone indenes is described. The reaction proceeds rapidly with a broad range of substrates to generate spiroindenes chemoselectively and regioselectively in moderate to high yields. Key to the success of this transformation is an intercepted Meyer-Schuster rearrangement/intramolecular Friedel-Crafts alkylation relay that offers a modular approach in the synthesis of target compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Topolovčan
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Degač
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Čikoš
- NMR Centre, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Matija Gredičak
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Qiao J, Mao H, Lu S, Zhang X, Ni H, Lu Y. Redox-neutral rhodium(III)-catalyzed chemo- and regiospecific [4 + 1] annulation between benzamides and alkenes for the synthesis of functionalized isoindolinones. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:9946-9952. [PMID: 34746943 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01792f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, using electron-deficient alkenes embedded with an oxidizing function/leaving group as a rare and nontraditional C1 synthon, we have achieved the redox-neutral Rh(III)-catalyzed chemo- and regioselective [4 + 1] annulation of benzamides for the synthesis of functionalized isoindolinones. This method features broad substrate scope, good to excellent yields, excellent chemo- and regioselectivity, good tolerance of functional groups and mild external-oxidant-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Qiao
- College of Pharmacy, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua 321007, P. R. China. .,Jinhua Branch, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Jinhua 321007, P. R. China.
| | - Hui Mao
- College of Pharmacy, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua 321007, P. R. China.
| | - Shiyao Lu
- Jinhua Branch, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Jinhua 321007, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoning Zhang
- Jinhua Branch, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Jinhua 321007, P. R. China.
| | - Hangcheng Ni
- Jinhua Branch, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Jinhua 321007, P. R. China.
| | - Yangbin Lu
- Jinhua Branch, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Jinhua 321007, P. R. China.
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10
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Giri CK, Dana S, Baidya M. Ruthenium(II)-catalyzed C-H activation and (4+2) annulation of aromatic hydroxamic acid esters with allylic amides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:10536-10539. [PMID: 34553196 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04422b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A (4+2) annulation under Ru(II)-catalysis is reported using aromatic hydroxamic acid esters as the oxidizing directing group and allylic amides as unactivated olefin coupling partners, delivering a wide variety of aminomethyl isoquinolinones in good to excellent yields. This annulation is distinctive as allylic congeners typically result in allylation and not the annulation. Late-stage derivatization of a bioactive synthetic bile acid has been showcased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Kumar Giri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Suman Dana
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Mahiuddin Baidya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India.
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11
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Dana S, Sureshbabu P, Giri CK, Baidya M. Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed C−H Activation/Annulation of Aromatic Hydroxamic Acid Esters with Enamides Leading to Aminal Motifs. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suman Dana
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Popuri Sureshbabu
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Chandan Kumar Giri
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Mahiuddin Baidya
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 Tamil Nadu India
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12
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Laru S, Bhattacharjee S, Singsardar M, Samanta S, Hajra A. Ru(II)-Catalyzed Switchable C-H Alkylation and Spirocyclization of 2-Arylquinoxalines with Maleimides via ortho-C-H Activation. J Org Chem 2021; 86:2784-2795. [PMID: 33444022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A Ru(II)-catalyzed facile and controllable protocol for C-H alkylation and spirocyclization of 2-arylquinoxalines with maleimides has been achieved under ambient air in high yields. Sequential ortho-C-H activation and C-annulation results in the formation of diverse polyheterocycles containing spiro[indeno[1,2-b]quinoxaline-11,3'-pyrrolidine]-2',5'-diones, which are of potent interest in medicinal chemistry. Mechanistic investigations suggest a reversible cleavage of the ortho-C-H bond in the turnover-limiting step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Laru
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Suvam Bhattacharjee
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Mukta Singsardar
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Sadhanendu Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Alakananda Hajra
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan 731235, India
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