Water-initiated hydrocarboxylation of terminal alkynes with CO2 and hydrosilane

Metal-catalyzed Markovnikov-type selective hydrofunctionalization of terminal alkynes

Metal-catalyzed highly Markovnikov-type selective hydrofunctionalization of terminal alkynes provides a straightforward and atom-economical route to access 1,1-disubstituted alkenes, which have a wide range of applications in organic synthesis. However, the highly Markovnikov-type selective transformations are challenging due to the electronic and steric effects during the addition process. With the development of metal-catalyzed organic synthesis, different metal catalysts have been developed to solve this challenge, especially for platinum group metal catalysts. In this perspective, we review homogeneous metal-catalyzed Markovnikov-type selective hydrofunctionalization of terminal alkynes according to the classified element types as well as reaction mechanisms. Future avenues for investigation are also presented to help expand this exciting field.

Regioselective hydroesterification of alkenes and alkenylphenols utilizing CO2 and hydrosilane

As an important and attractive C1 building block, the diversified exploitation of CO₂ in chemical transformations possesses significant research and application value. Herein, an effective palladium-catalyzed intermolecular hydroesterification of a wide range of alkenes with CO₂ and PMHS is described, successfully generating diverse esters with up to 98% yield and up to 100% linear-selectivity. In addition, the palladium-catalyzed intramolecular hydroesterification of alkenylphenols with CO₂ and PMHS is also developed to construct a variety of 3-substituted-benzofuran-2(3H)-ones with up to 89% yield under mild conditions. In both systems, CO₂ functions as an ideal CO source with the assistance of PMHS, thus smoothly participating in a series of alkoxycarbonylation processes.

Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral Carboxylic Acids from Alkynes and Formic Acid by Nickel-Catalyzed Cascade Reactions: Facile Synthesis of Profens

We report a stereoselective conversion of terminal alkynes to α-chiral carboxylic acids using a nickel-catalyzed domino hydrocarboxylation-transfer hydrogenation reaction. A simple nickel/BenzP* catalyst displayed high activity in both steps of regioselective hydrocarboxylation of alkynes and subsequent asymmetric transfer hydrogenation. The reaction was successfully applied in enantioselective preparation of three nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory profens (>90 % ees) and the chiral fragment of AZD2716.

Challenges and recent advancements in the transformation of CO2 into carboxylic acids: straightforward assembly with homogeneous 3d metals

Transformation of carbon dioxide (CO2) into valuable organic carboxylic acids is essential for maintaining sustainability. In this review, such CO2 thermo-, photo- and electrochemical transformations under 3d-transition metal catalysis are described from 2017 until 2022.

Access to α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids through water-soluble palladium catalyzed hydroxycarbonylation of alkynes using water as the solvent

A reusable water-soluble Pd(OAc)₂/sulfoxantphos catalyst has been developed for the hydroxycarbonylation of symmetrical and unsymmetrical alkynes with CO/H₂O to afford the corresponding α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids in good yields.