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Huang J, Wu K, Xu G, Wu M, Dou S, Wu C. Recent progress and strategic perspectives of inorganic solid electrolytes: fundamentals, modifications, and applications in sodium metal batteries. Chem Soc Rev 2023. [PMID: 37365900 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs01029a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state electrolytes (SEs) have attracted overwhelming attention as a promising alternative to traditional organic liquid electrolytes (OLEs) for high-energy-density sodium-metal batteries (SMBs), owing to their intrinsic incombustibility, wider electrochemical stability window (ESW), and better thermal stability. Among various kinds of SEs, inorganic solid-state electrolytes (ISEs) stand out because of their high ionic conductivity, excellent oxidative stability, and good mechanical strength, rendering potential utilization in safe and dendrite-free SMBs at room temperature. However, the development of Na-ion ISEs still remains challenging, that a perfect solution has yet to be achieved. Herein, we provide a comprehensive and in-depth inspection of the state-of-the-art ISEs, aiming at revealing the underlying Na+ conduction mechanisms at different length scales, and interpreting their compatibility with the Na metal anode from multiple aspects. A thorough material screening will include nearly all ISEs developed to date, i.e., oxides, chalcogenides, halides, antiperovskites, and borohydrides, followed by an overview of the modification strategies for enhancing their ionic conductivity and interfacial compatibility with Na metal, including synthesis, doping and interfacial engineering. By discussing the remaining challenges in ISE research, we propose rational and strategic perspectives that can serve as guidelines for future development of desirable ISEs and practical implementation of high-performance SMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Huang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Kuan Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
- Institute of Energy Materials Science (IEMS), University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Gang Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Minghong Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Shixue Dou
- Institute of Energy Materials Science (IEMS), University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
- Institute for Superconducting & Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Chao Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
- Institute of Energy Materials Science (IEMS), University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
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Liang Y, Zhang B, Shi Y, Jiang R, Zhang H. Research on Wide-Temperature Rechargeable Sodium-Sulfur Batteries: Features, Challenges and Solutions. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4263. [PMID: 37374446 DOI: 10.3390/ma16124263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Sodium-sulfur (Na-S) batteries hold great promise for cutting-edge fields due to their high specific capacity, high energy density and high efficiency of charge and discharge. However, Na-S batteries operating at different temperatures possess a particular reaction mechanism; scrutinizing the optimized working conditions toward enhanced intrinsic activity is highly desirable while facing daunting challenges. This review will conduct a dialectical comparative analysis of Na-S batteries. Due to its performance, there are challenges in the aspects of expenditure, potential safety hazards, environmental issues, service life and shuttle effect; thus, we seek solutions in the electrolyte system, catalysts, anode and cathode materials at intermediate and low temperatures (T < 300 °C) as well as high temperatures (300 °C < T < 350 °C). Nevertheless, we also analyze the latest research progress of these two situations in connection with the concept of sustainable development. Finally, the development prospects of this field are summarized and discussed to look forward to the future of Na-S batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Liang
- Queen Mary University of London Engineering School, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Boxuan Zhang
- Queen Mary University of London Engineering School, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Yiran Shi
- Queen Mary University of London Engineering School, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Ruyi Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Honghua Zhang
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Zhengzhou Institute of Emerging Industrial Technology, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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Jin Y, Lu H, Lyu N, Zhang D, Jiang X, Sun B, Liu K, Wu H. Modulation of the Oxidation End-Product Toward Polysulfides-Free and Sustainable Lithium-Pyrite Thermal Batteries. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205888. [PMID: 36603164 PMCID: PMC9951353 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The FeS2 has abundant reserves and a high specific capacity (894 mAh g-1 ), commonly used to fabricate Li-FeS2 primary batteries, like LiMx -FeS2 thermal batteries (working at ≈500 °C). However, Li-FeS2 batteries struggle to function as rechargeable batteries due to serious issues such as pulverization and polysulfide shuttling. Herein, highly reversible solid-state Li-FeS2 batteries operating at 300 °C are designed. Molten salt-based FeS2 slurry cathodes address the notorious electrode pulverization problem by encapsulating pulverized particles in time with e- and Li⁺ flow conductors. In addition, the solid electrolyte LLZTO tube serves as a hard separator and fast Li+ channel, effectively separating the molten electrodes to construct a liquid-solid-liquid structure instead of the solid-liquid-solid structure of LiMx -FeS2 thermal batteries. Most importantly, these high-temperature Li-FeS2 solid-state batteries achieve FeS2 conversion to Li2 S and Fe at discharge and further back to FeS2 at charge, unlike room-temperature Li-FeS2 batteries where FeS and S act as oxidation products. Therefore, these new-type Li-FeS2 batteries have a lower operating temperature than Li-FeS2 thermal batteries and perform highly reversible electrochemical reactions, which can be cycled stably up to 2000 times with a high specific capacity of ≈750 mAh g-1 in the prototype batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jin
- Research Center of Grid Energy Storage and Battery ApplicationSchool of Electrical and Information EngineeringZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan450001P. R. China
| | - Hongfei Lu
- Research Center of Grid Energy Storage and Battery ApplicationSchool of Electrical and Information EngineeringZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan450001P. R. China
| | - Nawei Lyu
- Research Center of Grid Energy Storage and Battery ApplicationSchool of Electrical and Information EngineeringZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan450001P. R. China
| | - Di Zhang
- Research Center of Grid Energy Storage and Battery ApplicationSchool of Electrical and Information EngineeringZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan450001P. R. China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Research Center of Grid Energy Storage and Battery ApplicationSchool of Electrical and Information EngineeringZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan450001P. R. China
| | - Bin Sun
- Research Center of Grid Energy Storage and Battery ApplicationSchool of Electrical and Information EngineeringZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan450001P. R. China
| | - Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy SourcesSchool of New EnergyNorth China Electric Power UniversityBeijing102206P. R. China
| | - Hui Wu
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine ProcessingSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084P. R. China
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Li R, Jiang D, Du P, Yuan C, Cui X, Tang Q, Zheng J, Li Y, Lu K, Ren X, Gao S, Zhan X. Negating Na‖Na 3Zr 2Si 2PO 12 interfacial resistance for dendrite-free and "Na-less" solid-state batteries. Chem Sci 2022; 13:14132-14140. [PMID: 36540829 PMCID: PMC9728568 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05120f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid electrolytes hold promise in safely enabling high-energy metallic sodium (Na) anodes. However, the poor Na‖solid electrolyte interfacial contact can induce Na dendrite growth and limit Na utilization, plaguing the rate performance and energy density of current solid-state Na-metal batteries (SSSMBs). Herein, a simple and scalable Pb/C interlayer strategy is introduced to regulate the surface chemistry and improve Na wettability of Na3Zr2Si2PO12 (NZSP) solid electrolyte. The resulting NZSP exhibits a perfect Na wettability (0° contact angle) at a record-low temperature of 120 °C, a negligible room-temperature Na‖NZSP interfacial resistance of 1.5 Ω cm2, along with an ultralong cycle life of over 1800 h under 0.5 mA cm-2/0.5 mA h cm-2 symmetric cell cycling at 55 °C. Furthermore, we unprecedentedly demonstrate in situ fabrication of weight-controlled Na anodes and explore the effect of the negative/positive capacity (N/P) ratio on the cyclability of SSSMBs. Both solid-state Na3V2(PO4)3 and S full cells show superior electrochemical performance at an optimal N/P ratio of 40.0. The Pb/C interlayer modification demonstrates dual functions of stabilizing the anode interface and improving Na utilization, making it a general strategy for implementing Na metal anodes in practical SSSMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Daochuan Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Peng Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Chenbo Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Qichen Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Jian Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Yecheng Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science & Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| | - Ke Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Xiaodi Ren
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science & Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| | - Shan Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Xiaowen Zhan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University Hefei 230601 P. R. China
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5
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Yuan C, Li R, Zhan X, Sprenkle VL, Li G. Stabilizing Metallic Na Anodes via Sodiophilicity Regulation: A Review. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15134636. [PMID: 35806761 PMCID: PMC9267197 DOI: 10.3390/ma15134636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on the Na wetting challenges and relevant strategies regarding stabilizing sodium-metal anodes in sodium-metal batteries (SMBs). The Na anode is the essential component of three key energy storage systems, including molten SMBs (i.e., intermediate-temperature Na-S and ZEBRA batteries), all-solid-state SMBs, and conventional SMBs using liquid electrolytes. We begin with a general description of issues encountered by different SMB systems and point out the common challenge in Na wetting. We detail the emerging strategies of improving Na wettability and stabilizing Na metal anodes for the three types of batteries, with the emphasis on discussing various types of tactics developed for SMBs using liquid electrolytes. We conclude with a discussion of the overlooked yet critical aspects (Na metal utilization, N/P ratio, critical current density, etc.) in the existing strategies for an individual battery system and propose promising areas (anolyte incorporation and catholyte modifications for lower-temperature molten SMBs, cell evaluation under practically relevant current density and areal capacity, etc.) that we believe to be the most urgent for further pursuit. Comprehensive investigations combining complementary post-mortem, in situ, and operando analyses to elucidate cell-level structure-performance relations are advocated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenbo Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; (C.Y.); (R.L.)
| | - Rui Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; (C.Y.); (R.L.)
| | - Xiaowen Zhan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; (C.Y.); (R.L.)
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (G.L.)
| | - Vincent L. Sprenkle
- Battery Materials and Systems Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA;
| | - Guosheng Li
- Battery Materials and Systems Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA;
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (G.L.)
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Li MM, Tripathi S, Polikarpov E, Canfield NL, Han KS, Weller JM, Buck EC, Engelhard MH, Reed DM, Sprenkle VL, Li G. Interfacial Engineering with a Nanoparticle-Decorated Porous Carbon Structure on β″-Alumina Solid-State Electrolytes for Molten Sodium Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:25534-25544. [PMID: 35608361 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel anode interface modification on the β″-alumina solid-state electrolyte that improves the wetting behavior of molten sodium in battery applications. Heat treating a simple slurry, composed only of water, acetone, carbon black, and lead acetate, formed a porous carbon network decorated with PbOx (0 ≤ x ≤ 2) nanoparticles between 10 and 50 nm. Extensive performance analysis, through impedance spectroscopy and symmetric cycling, shows a stable, low-resistance interface for close to 6000 cycles. Furthermore, an intermediate temperature Na-S cell with a modified β″-alumina solid-state electrolyte could achieve an average stable cycling capacity as high as 509 mA h/g. This modification drastically decreases the amount of Pb content to approximately 3% in the anode interface (6 wt % or 0.4 mol %) and could further eliminate the need for toxic Pb altogether by replacing it with environmentally benign Sn. Overall, in situ reduction of oxide nanoparticles created a high-performance anode interface, further enabling large-scale applications of liquid metal anodes with solid-state electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyuan M Li
- Energy Processes & Materials, Energy & Environment, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Shalini Tripathi
- Nuclear Sciences, Energy & Environment, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Evgueni Polikarpov
- Energy Processes & Materials, Energy & Environment, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Nathan L Canfield
- Energy Processes & Materials, Energy & Environment, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Kee Sung Han
- Energy Processes & Materials, Energy & Environment, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - J Mark Weller
- Energy Processes & Materials, Energy & Environment, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Edgar C Buck
- Nuclear Sciences, Energy & Environment, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Mark H Engelhard
- Environmental & Molecular Sciences, Earth & Biological Sciences, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - David M Reed
- Energy Processes & Materials, Energy & Environment, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Vincent L Sprenkle
- Energy Processes & Materials, Energy & Environment, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Guosheng Li
- Energy Processes & Materials, Energy & Environment, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
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