1
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Sun M, Feng L, Lu JY. Breaking the Base Barrier: Cu(II)-Mediated C-H Heteroarylation of o-Carboranes with Base-Sensitive Heteroaryl Halides. Org Lett 2024; 26:3697-3702. [PMID: 38685484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
While cage C-arylation reactions using strong bases are among the most frequently used transformations in carborane chemistry, there has been no general solution to allow for the use of weak bases in the reaction. Moreover, base-metal-promoted C-H heteroarylation with base-sensitive heteroaryl halides remained elusive. Herein, copper-mediated cage C-H (hetero)arylation has been achieved without the need for strong bases, leading to the facile synthesis of a wide range of C-(hetero)arylated carboranes in good to excellent yields with a broad substrate scope and good functional group compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfan Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Leijun Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ju-You Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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2
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Yang HB, Guo Y, Cao K, Jiang QJ, Teng CC, Zhu DY, Wang SH. Iridium-catalyzed selective arylation of B(6)-H of 3-aryl- o-carboranes with arylboronic acid via direct B-H activation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:1124-1127. [PMID: 38193475 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05630a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
This work discloses an iridium-catalyzed selective arylation of B(6)-H of 3-Ar-o-carboranes with arylboronic acid via direct B-H activation for the first time. A series of unsymmetric and symmetric 3,6-diaryl-o-carboranes decorated with diverse active groups have been synthesized with moderate to excellent yields under mild conditions. This work offers an efficient approach for selective arylation of B(6)-H with arylboronic acid and has important value for selective functionalization of o-carboranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials & School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, Sichuan, P. R. China.
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Oncology, Sichuan Science City Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621000, P. R. China
| | - Ke Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials & School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, Sichuan, P. R. China.
| | - Qi-Jia Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials & School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, Sichuan, P. R. China.
| | - Chao-Chao Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials & School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, Sichuan, P. R. China.
| | - Dao-Yong Zhu
- School of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Hua Wang
- School of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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3
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Zhang LB, Xie Z. Iridium-Catalyzed Selective B(4)-H Amination of o-Carboranes with Anthranils. Org Lett 2022; 24:7077-7081. [PMID: 36148973 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report here a catalytic selective cage B4-H amination of o-carboranes employing an Ir(III) complex as a catalyst and anthranils as aminating agents, leading to a large class of B4-aminated o-carboranes with very high yields and a broad substrate scope under mild conditions without any oxidants. In these reactions, the carboxyl group serves as a traceless directing unit to determine the site selectivity and degree of substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Bao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Zuowei Xie
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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4
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Luo D, Fu Y, Lu JY. Pd-Catalyzed Oxidative Dehydrogenative Cross Coupling of Cage B-H/B-H Bonds at Room Temperature: Synthesis of Bis( o-carborane)s. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:13756-13767. [PMID: 36005736 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Efficient Pd-catalyzed oxidative dehydrogenative cross coupling of B-H/B-H bonds of two pyridyl o-carboranes has been developed, leading to the preparation of B(3)-B(6') heterocoupled and B(3)-B(6') homocoupled biscarboranes with a broad substrate scope at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, School of Science, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yatong Fu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, School of Science, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ju-You Lu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, School of Science, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, China
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5
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Sun C, Lu JY, Lu J. Pd-Catalyzed Selective B(6)-H Phosphorization of nido-Carboranes via Cascade Deboronation/B-H Activation from closo-Carboranes. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:9623-9630. [PMID: 35700190 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Efficient Pd-catalyzed regioselective B(6)-H phosphorization of nido-carboranes via cascade deboronation/B-H activation of readily available C-substituted o-carboranes with various phosphines using 3-methylpyridine or isoquinoline as a directing group in combination with pyridine ligands has been developed, affording unprecedented B(6)-phosphinated nido-carborane derivatives with high selectivity in a simple one-pot process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, School of Science, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ju-You Lu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, School of Science, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, China
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Zhang LB, Xie Z. Iridium-Catalyzed Selective B(4)–H Acylmethylation of o-Carboranes with Sulfoxonium Ylides. Org Lett 2022; 24:1318-1322. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Bao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Zuowei Xie
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
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7
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Yang Z, Sun C, Wei X, Lu J, Lu JY. Palladium‐Catalyzed Cascade Deboronation/Regioselective B−P Coupling of closo‐Carboranes. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202101571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Yang
- Hainan University school of science CHINA
| | | | - Xing Wei
- Hainan University school of science CHINA
| | - Jian Lu
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute Catalysis Division Xi'an 710065, China 710065 Xi'an CHINA
| | - Ju-You Lu
- Hainan University School of Science 58 Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, China 570228 Haikou CHINA
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8
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Recent trends and tactics in facile functionalization of neutral icosahedral carboranes (C2B10H12) and nido-carborane (7,8-C2B9H12−). ADVANCES IN CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.acat.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Fu Y, Li Y, Luo D, Lu Y, Huang J, Yang Z, Lu J, Jiang YY, Lu JY. Palladium-Catalyzed Regioselective B(3,4)-H Acyloxylation of o-Carboranes. Inorg Chem 2021; 61:911-922. [PMID: 34964616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We disclose herein an efficient regioselective B(3,4)-H activation via a ligand strategy, affording B(3)-monoacyloxylated and B(3,4)-diacyloxylated o-carboranes. The identification of amino acid and phosphoric acid ligands is crucial for the success of B(3)-mono- and B(3,4)-diacyloxylation, respectively. This ligand approach is compatible with a broad range of carboxylic acids. The functionalization of complex drug molecules is demonstrated. Other acyloxyl sources, including sodium benzoate, benzoic anhydride, and iodobenzene diacetate, are also tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yatong Fu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, School of Science, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, School of Science, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Yibo Lu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, School of Science, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, School of Science, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, School of Science, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Ye Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, People's Republic of China
| | - Ju-You Lu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, School of Science, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, People's Republic of China
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10
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Abstract
Carboranes are a class of polyhedral carbon-boron molecular clusters featuring three-dimensional aromaticity, which are often considered as 3D analogues of benzene. Their unique structural and electronic properties make them invaluable building blocks for applications ranging from functional materials to versatile ligands to pharmaceuticals. Thus, selective functionalization of carboranes has received tremendous research interest. In earlier days, the vast majority of the works in this area were focused on cage carbon functionalization via facile deprotonation of cage CH, followed by reaction with electrophiles. On the contrary, cage B-H activation is very challenging since the 10 B-H bonds on o-carborane are very similar, and how to achieve the desired transformation at specific boron vertex is a long-standing issue.As carbon is considered more electronegative than boron, this property results in different vertex charges on the o-carborane cage, which follow the order B(3,6)-H ≪ B(4,5,7,11)-H < B(8,10)-H < B(9,12)-H. We thought that this difference may trigger the favorite interaction of a proper transition metal complex with a specific B-H bond of carborane, which could be utilized to solve the selectivity issue. Accordingly, our strategy is described as follows: (1) electron-rich transition metal catalysts are good for the activation of the most electron-deficient B(3,6)-H bonds (connected to both cage C-H vertices); (2) electron-deficient transition metal catalysts are good for the activation of the relatively electron-rich B(8,9,10,12)-H bonds (with no bonding to either cage C-H vertices); and (3) directing-group-assisted transition metal catalysis is appropriate for the activation of the B(4,5,7,11)-H bonds (connected to only one cage C-H vertex), whose vertex charges lie in the middle of the range for the 10 B-H bonds. This strategy has been successfully applied by our laboratory and other groups in the development of a series of synthetic routes for catalytic selective activation of B-H bonds of the carborane cage, resulting in the synthesis of a large number of cage-boron-functionalized carborane derivatives in a regioselective and catalytic fashion. Subsequently, significant progress in this emerging area has been made.In 2013 we reported the selective tetrafluorination of o-carboranes at the B(8,9,10,12)-H bonds using an electron-deficient Pd(II) salt, [Pd(MeCN)4][BF4], as the catalyst. In 2014 we disclosed the first example of carboxy-directed alkenylation of o-carboranes at the B(4) vertex promoted by an Ir(III) catalyst. Subsequently, in 2017 we presented an electron-rich Ir(I)-catalyzed diborylation of o-carboranes at the B(3,6)-H bonds. We also uncovered the first example of Pd-catalyzed asymmetric synthesis of chiral-at-cage o-carboranes in 2018. These proof-of-principle studies have greatly stimulated research activities in selective B-H activation of carboranes and boron clusters enabled by transition metal catalysts. We have so far developed a toolbox of synthetic methods for selective catalytic cage B-olefination, -arylation, -alkenylation, -alkynylation, -oxygenation, -sulfenylation, -borylation, -halogenation, and -amination. We have recently expanded our research to base metal catalysis. As the field progresses, we expect that other methods for regioselective cage B-H activation will be invented, and the results detailed in this Account will promote these efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaozao Qiu
- Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zuowei Xie
- Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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11
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Sivaev IB. Functional Group Directed B–H Activation of Polyhedral Boron Hydrides by Transition Metal Complexes (Review). RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023621090151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Liu XR, Cui PF, Guo ST, Yuan RZ, Jin GX. Stepwise B–H bond activation of a meta-carborane. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi00732g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Stepwise multiple B–H bond activation is a major challenge in synthetic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ran Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Fei Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Ting Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Run-Ze Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Xin Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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