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Kan L, Zhang L, Dong LZ, Wang XH, Li RH, Guo C, Li X, Yan Y, Li SL, Lan YQ. Bridging the Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis by Supramolecular Metal-Organic Cages with Varied Packing Modes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2310061. [PMID: 38227292 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Integrating the advantages of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis has proved to be an optimal strategy for developing catalytic systems with high efficiency, selectivity, and recoverability. Supramolecular metal-organic cages (MOCs), assembled by the coordination of metal ions with organic linkers into discrete molecules, have performed solvent processability due to their tunable packing modes, endowing them with the potential to act as homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysts in different solvent systems. Here, the design and synthesis of a series of stable {Cu3} cluster-based tetrahedral MOCs with varied packing structures are reported. These MOCs, as homogeneous catalysts, not only show high catalytic activity and selectivity regardless of substrate size during the CO2 cycloaddition reaction, but also can be easily recovered from the reaction media through separating products and co-catalysts by one-step work-up. This is because that these MOCs have varied solubilities in different solvents due to the tunable packing of MOCs in the solid state. Moreover, the entire catalytic reaction system is very clean, and the purity of cyclic carbonates is as high as 97% without further purification. This work provides a unique strategy for developing novel supramolecular catalysts that can be used for homogeneous catalysis and recycled in a heterogeneous manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Kan
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Long-Zhang Dong
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Han Wang
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Run-Han Li
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Chenxing Guo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yong Yan
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Shun-Li Li
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Qian Lan
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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2
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Song JY, Chen X, Wang YM, Luo X, Zhang TE, Ning GH, Li D. Tuning the Catalytic Activity of Covalent Metal-Organic Frameworks for CO 2 Cycloaddition Reactions. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300857. [PMID: 37927167 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of efficient, recyclable and low-cost heterogeneous catalysts for conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) into epoxides is highly desired, yet remain a challenge. Herein, we have prepared three two-dimensional (2D) copper(I) cyclic trinuclear units (Cu(I)-CTUs) based covalent metal-organic frameworks (CMOFs), namely JNM-13, JNM-14, and JNM-15, via a one-pot reaction by combination of coordination and dynamic covalent chemistry. Among them, JNM-15 contained the highest density of copper catalytic sites, and exhibited the highest capacity for adsorption of CO2 . More interestingly, JNM-15 delivered the highest catalytic activity for cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides with good yields (up to 99 %), good substrate compatibility (11 examples) and reusability (four catalytic cycles) under mild condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yi Song
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Xu Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Yu-Mei Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Xiao Luo
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Tian-E Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Guo-Hong Ning
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Dan Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
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3
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Zou Y, Amuti Q, Zou Z, Xu Y, Yan C, Cheng G, Ke H. Diamide-linked imidazolyl Poly(dicationic ionic liquid)s for the conversion of CO 2 to cyclic carbonates under ambient pressure. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 656:47-57. [PMID: 37984170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.11.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The ionic active centers and hydrogen-bond donors (HBDs) in heterogeneous catalytic materials are highly beneficial for enhancing the interaction between solid-liquid-gas three-phase interfaces and promoting effective fixation of carbon dioxide (CO2). Diamide-linked imidazolyl poly(dicationic ionic liquid)s catalysts PIMDILs (PMAIL-x and PBAIL-2) were synthesized through the copolymerization of diamide-linked imidazolyl dicationic ionic liquids (IMDILs) with divinylbenzene (DVB), which successfully enable the simultaneous construction of high-density and uniformly distributed ionic active centers (2.014-4.883 mmol g-1) and hydrogen-bond donors (HBDs). The as-synthesized PIMDILs present excellent catalytic activity in promoting the cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxides. PMAIL-2 could convert epichlorohydrin (ECH) with a quantitative conversion of 99.8 % (selectivity > 99 %) under ambient pressure. Furthermore, only a decrease in activity of 5 % was observed even after six cycles of recycling. The excellent conversions (>97.3 %) were achieved for various terminal substituted epoxides. The experimental and characterization results reveal that the high-density ionic active centers and amide HBDs can effectively activate the reaction substrates, their synergistic effect plays a crucial role at the catalyst interface. This work is expected to provide some useful insights for the rational construction of heterogeneous catalysts for CO2 conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhen Zou
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan). 68 Jincheng Street, East Lake High-tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Qimanguli Amuti
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan). 68 Jincheng Street, East Lake High-tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Zhongwei Zou
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan). 68 Jincheng Street, East Lake High-tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Yuping Xu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan). 68 Jincheng Street, East Lake High-tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Chong Yan
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan). 68 Jincheng Street, East Lake High-tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Guoe Cheng
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan). 68 Jincheng Street, East Lake High-tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Hanzhong Ke
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan). 68 Jincheng Street, East Lake High-tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430078, China.
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4
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Lan DH, Chen K, Zhu HJ, Shen J, Wu SS, Au CT, Yi B, Yin S. Hexamethylenetetramine Complexes as Easy-to-Handle and Efficient Lewis Acid–Base Heterogeneous Catalysts for Coupling of CO 2 under Mild Conditions. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hui Lan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Waste Rechemistry, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, Hunan, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Waste Rechemistry, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, Hunan, China
| | - Heng-Jun Zhu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Waste Rechemistry, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Waste Rechemistry, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, Hunan, China
| | - Shui-Sheng Wu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Waste Rechemistry, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, Hunan, China
| | - Chak-Tong Au
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Waste Rechemistry, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, Hunan, China
| | - Bing Yi
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Waste Rechemistry, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, Hunan, China
| | - ShuangFeng Yin
- Provincial Hunan Key Laboratory for Cost-effective Utilization of Fossil Fuel Aimed at Reducing Carbon-dioxide Emissions, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
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Jiang B, Liu J, Yang G, Zhang Z. Efficient conversion of CO2 into cyclic carbonates under atmospheric by halogen and metal-free Poly (ionic liquid)s. Chin J Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2022.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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6
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Wang Y, Chang JP, Xu R, Bai S, Wang D, Yang GP, Sun LY, Li P, Han YF. N-Heterocyclic carbenes and their precursors in functionalised porous materials. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:13559-13586. [PMID: 34783804 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00296a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Though N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have emerged as diverse and powerful discrete functional molecules in pharmaceutics, nanotechnology, and catalysis over decades, the heterogenization of NHCs and their precursors for broader applications in porous materials, like metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), porous coordination polymers (PCPs), covalent-organic frameworks (COFs), porous organic polymers (POPs), and porous organometallic cages (POMCs) was not extensively studied until the last ten years. By de novo or post-synthetic modification (PSM) methods, myriads of NHCs and their precursors containing building blocks were designed and integrated into MOFs, PCPs, COFs, POPs and POMCs to form various structures and porosities. Functionalisation with NHCs and their precursors significantly expands the scope of the potential applications of porous materials by tuning the pore surface chemical/physical properties, providing active sites for binding guest molecules and substrates and realizing recyclability. In this review, we summarise and discuss the recent progress on the synthetic methods, structural features, and promising applications of NHCs and their precursors in functionalised porous materials. At the end, a brief perspective on the encouraging future prospects and challenges in this contemporary field is presented. This review will serve as a guide for researchers to design and synthesize more novel porous materials functionalised with NHCs and their precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China.
| | - Jin-Ping Chang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China.
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China.
| | - Sha Bai
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China.
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China.
| | - Guo-Ping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China.
| | - Li-Ying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China.
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China.
| | - Ying-Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China.
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7
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Gong YN, Liu JW, Mei JH, Lin XL, Deng JH, Li X, Zhong DC, Lu TB. Incorporation of Chromophores into Metal-Organic Frameworks for Boosting CO 2 Conversion. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:14924-14931. [PMID: 34529419 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The exploitation of highly stable and active catalysts for the conversion of CO2 into valuable fuels is desirable but is a great challenge. Herein, we report that the incorporation of chromophores into metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) could afford robust catalysts for efficient CO2 conversion. Specifically, a porous Nd(III) MOF (Nd-TTCA; TTCA3- = triphenylene-2,6,10-tricarboxylate) was constructed by incorporating one-dimensional Nd(CO2)n chains and TTCA3- ligands, which exhibits a very high stability, retaining its framework not only in the air at 300 °C for 2 h but also in boiling aqueous solutions at pH 1-12 for 7 days. More importantly, Nd-TTCA has achieved a 5-fold improvement in photocatalytic activity for reducing CO2 to HCOOH and a 10-fold improvement in catalytic activity for the cycloaddition of CO2 into cyclic carbonate in comparison to those of H3TTCA itself. This work gives a new strategy to design efficient artificial crystalline catalysts for CO2 conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Nan Gong
- Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Wang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi University for Functional Material Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Hua Mei
- Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Lian Lin
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi University for Functional Material Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Hua Deng
- Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaokang Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi University for Functional Material Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Di-Chang Zhong
- Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong-Bu Lu
- Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
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8
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Zou Y, Huang Y, Si D, Yin Q, Wu Q, Weng Z, Cao R. Porous Metal–Organic Framework Liquids for Enhanced CO
2
Adsorption and Catalytic Conversion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Huang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fujian Fuzhou 350002 P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry School of Chemistry and Materials Science University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Hefei 230000 P. R. China
| | - Yuan‐Biao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fujian Fuzhou 350002 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Duan‐Hui Si
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fujian Fuzhou 350002 P. R. China
| | - Qi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fujian Fuzhou 350002 P. R. China
| | - Qiu‐Jin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fujian Fuzhou 350002 P. R. China
| | - Zixiang Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fujian Fuzhou 350002 P. R. China
| | - Rong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fujian Fuzhou 350002 P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry School of Chemistry and Materials Science University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Hefei 230000 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory, for Optoelectronic Information of China Fuzhou Fujian 350108 P. R. China
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9
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Zou YH, Huang YB, Si DH, Yin Q, Wu QJ, Weng Z, Cao R. Porous Metal-Organic Framework Liquids for Enhanced CO 2 Adsorption and Catalytic Conversion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:20915-20920. [PMID: 34278674 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The unique applications of porous metal-organic framework (MOF) liquids with permanent porosity and fluidity have attracted significant attention. However, fabrication of porous MOF liquids remains challenging because of the easy intermolecular self-filling of the cavity or the rapid settlement of porous hosts in hindered solvents that cannot enter their pores. Herein, we report a facile strategy for the fabrication of a MOF liquid (Im-UiO-PL) by surface ionization of an imidazolium-functionalized framework with a sterically hindered poly(ethylene glycol) sulfonate (PEGS) canopy. The Im-UiO-PL obtained in this way has a CO2 adsorption approximately 14 times larger than that of pure PEGS. Distinct from a porous MOF solid counterpart, the stored CO2 in Im-UiO-PL can be slowly released and efficiently utilized to synthesize cyclic carbonates in the atmosphere. This is the first example of the use of a porous MOF liquid as a CO2 storage material for catalysis. It offers a new method for the fabrication of unique porous liquid MOFs with functional behaviors in various fields of gas adsorption and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Huang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, Hefei, 230000, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Biao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Duan-Hui Si
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Qi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Qiu-Jin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Zixiang Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Rong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, Hefei, 230000, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.,Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory, for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China
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