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Albayati SH, Nezhad NG, Taki AG, Rahman RNZRA. Efficient and easible biocatalysts: Strategies for enzyme improvement. A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133978. [PMID: 39038570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Owing to the environmental friendliness and vast advantages that enzymes offer in the biotechnology and industry fields, biocatalysts are a prolific investigation field. However, the low catalytic activity, stability, and specific selectivity of the enzyme limit the range of the reaction enzymes involved in. A comprehensive understanding of the protein structure and dynamics in terms of molecular details enables us to tackle these limitations effectively and enhance the catalytic activity by enzyme engineering or modifying the supports and solvents. Along with different strategies including computational, enzyme engineering based on DNA recombination, enzyme immobilization, additives, chemical modification, and physicochemical modification approaches can be promising for the wide spread of industrial enzyme usage. This is attributed to the successful application of biocatalysts in industrial and synthetic processes requires a system that exhibits stability, activity, and reusability in a continuous flow process, thereby reducing the production cost. The main goal of this review is to display relevant approaches for improving enzyme characteristics to overcome their industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah Hashim Albayati
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nima Ghahremani Nezhad
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Anmar Ghanim Taki
- Department of Radiology Techniques, Health and Medical Techniques College, Alnoor University, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Raja Noor Zaliha Raja Abd Rahman
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; Institute Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Xia Y, Yin M, Peplowski L, Cheng Z, Zhou Z. Tailoring the Hinge Residue at the Substrate Access Tunnel Entrance Improves the Catalytic Performance of Industrialized Nitrile Hydratase Toward 3‐Cyanopyridine. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education) Institution School of Biotechnology Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Avenue Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Meng Yin
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education) Institution School of Biotechnology Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Avenue Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Lukasz Peplowski
- Institute of Physics Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Informatics Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun Grudziadzka 5 87-100 Torun Poland
| | - Zhongyi Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education) Institution School of Biotechnology Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Avenue Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Zhemin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education) Institution School of Biotechnology Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Avenue Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- Jiangnan University (Rugao) Food Biotechnology Research Institute Jiangnan University Wu Xi Shi, Rugao 226500 China
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Brehl C, Brass HUC, Lüchtrath C, Böckmann L, Ihling N, Classen T, Pietruszka J, Büchs J. Optimized prodigiosin production with Pseudomonas putida KT2440 using parallelized non-invasive online monitoring. Biotechnol Prog 2022; 38:e3245. [PMID: 35170260 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The red pigment prodigiosin is of high pharmaceutical interest, due to its potential applications as an antitumor drug and antibiotic agent. As previously demonstrated, Pseudomonas putida KT2440 is a suitable host for prodigiosin production, as it exhibits high tolerance towards the antimicrobial properties of prodigiosin. So far, prodigiosin concentrations of up to 94 mg/L have been achieved in shake flask cultivations. For the characterization and optimization of the prodigiosin production process, the scattered light of P. putida and fluorescence of prodigiosin was measured. The excitation and emission wavelengths for prodigiosin measurement were analyzed by recording 2D fluorescence spectra. The strongest prodigiosin fluorescence was obtained at a wavelength combination of 535/560 nm. By reducing the temperature to 18 °C and using 16 g/L glucose, the prodigiosin concentration was more than doubled compared to the initial cultivation conditions. The obtained results demonstrate the capabilities of parallelized microscale cultivations combined with non-invasive online monitoring of fluorescence for rapid bioprocess development, using prodigiosin as a molecule of current biotechnological interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Brehl
- AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Hannah U C Brass
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf located at Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Clara Lüchtrath
- AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lukas Böckmann
- AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nina Ihling
- AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Thomas Classen
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.,Institute for Bio- and Geosciences 1: Bioorganic Chemistry (IBG-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jörg Pietruszka
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf located at Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Institute for Bio- and Geosciences 1: Bioorganic Chemistry (IBG-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jochen Büchs
- AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
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4
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Hot spots-making directed evolution easier. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 56:107926. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Ma D, Cheng Z, Peplowski L, Han L, Xia Y, Hou X, Guo J, Yin D, Rao Y, Zhou Z. Insight into the broadened substrate scope of nitrile hydratase by static and dynamic structure analysis. Chem Sci 2022; 13:8417-8428. [PMID: 35919716 PMCID: PMC9297474 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02319a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of two gating residues at the substrate access tunnel entrance direct the substrate scope of NHases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Zhongyi Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Lukasz Peplowski
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Laichuang Han
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Xiaodong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Junling Guo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Dejing Yin
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Yijian Rao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Zhemin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Jiangnan University (Rugao) Food Biotechnology Research Institute, Rugao, Jiangsu, China
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Cheng Z, Jiang S, Zhou Z. Substrate access tunnel engineering for improving the catalytic activity of a thermophilic nitrile hydratase toward pyridine and pyrazine nitriles. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 575:8-13. [PMID: 34454178 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Nitrile hydratase (NHase) is able to bio-transform nitriles into amides. As nitrile hydration being an exothermic reaction, a NHase with high activity and stability is needed for amide production. However, the widespread use of NHase for amide bio-production is limited by an activity-stability trade-off. In this study, through the combination of substrate access tunnel calculation, residue conservative analysis and site-saturation mutagenesis, a residue located at the substrate access tunnel entrance of the thermophilic NHase from extremophile Caldalkalibacillus thermarum TA2. A1, βLeu48, was semi-rationally identified as a potential gating residue that directs the enzymatic activity toward various pyridine and pyrazine nitriles. The specific activity of the corresponding mutant βL48H towards 3-cyanopyridine, 2-cyanopyridine and cyanopyrazine were 2.4-fold, 2.8-fold and 3.1-fold higher than that of its parent enzyme, showing a great potential in the industrial production of high-value pyridine and pyrazine carboxamides. Further structural analysis demonstrated that the βHis48 could form a long-lasting hydrogen bond with αGlu166, which contributes to the expansion of the entrance of substrate access tunnel and accelerate substrate migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyi Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shijin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhemin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Jiangnan University (Rugao) Food Biotechnology Research Institute, Rugao, 226500, China.
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Towards robust Pseudomonas cell factories to harbour novel biosynthetic pathways. Essays Biochem 2021; 65:319-336. [PMID: 34223620 PMCID: PMC8314020 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20200173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biotechnological production in bacteria enables access to numerous valuable chemical compounds. Nowadays, advanced molecular genetic toolsets, enzyme engineering as well as the combinatorial use of biocatalysts, pathways, and circuits even bring new-to-nature compounds within reach. However, the associated substrates and biosynthetic products often cause severe chemical stress to the bacterial hosts. Species of the Pseudomonas clade thus represent especially valuable chassis as they are endowed with multiple stress response mechanisms, which allow them to cope with a variety of harmful chemicals. A built-in cell envelope stress response enables fast adaptations that sustain membrane integrity under adverse conditions. Further, effective export machineries can prevent intracellular accumulation of diverse harmful compounds. Finally, toxic chemicals such as reactive aldehydes can be eliminated by oxidation and stress-induced damage can be recovered. Exploiting and engineering these features will be essential to support an effective production of natural compounds and new chemicals. In this article, we therefore discuss major resistance strategies of Pseudomonads along with approaches pursued for their targeted exploitation and engineering in a biotechnological context. We further highlight strategies for the identification of yet unknown tolerance-associated genes and their utilisation for engineering next-generation chassis and finally discuss effective measures for pathway fine-tuning to establish stable cell factories for the effective production of natural compounds and novel biochemicals.
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Scherer M, Fleishman SJ, Jones PR, Dandekar T, Bencurova E. Computational Enzyme Engineering Pipelines for Optimized Production of Renewable Chemicals. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:673005. [PMID: 34211966 PMCID: PMC8239229 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.673005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To enable a sustainable supply of chemicals, novel biotechnological solutions are required that replace the reliance on fossil resources. One potential solution is to utilize tailored biosynthetic modules for the metabolic conversion of CO2 or organic waste to chemicals and fuel by microorganisms. Currently, it is challenging to commercialize biotechnological processes for renewable chemical biomanufacturing because of a lack of highly active and specific biocatalysts. As experimental methods to engineer biocatalysts are time- and cost-intensive, it is important to establish efficient and reliable computational tools that can speed up the identification or optimization of selective, highly active, and stable enzyme variants for utilization in the biotechnological industry. Here, we review and suggest combinations of effective state-of-the-art software and online tools available for computational enzyme engineering pipelines to optimize metabolic pathways for the biosynthesis of renewable chemicals. Using examples relevant for biotechnology, we explain the underlying principles of enzyme engineering and design and illuminate future directions for automated optimization of biocatalysts for the assembly of synthetic metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Scherer
- Department of Bioinformatics, Julius-Maximilians University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sarel J Fleishman
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Patrik R Jones
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Dandekar
- Department of Bioinformatics, Julius-Maximilians University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Elena Bencurova
- Department of Bioinformatics, Julius-Maximilians University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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