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He Z, Yang H, Wong NH, Ernawati L, Sunarso J, Huang Z, Xia Y, Wang Y, Su J, Fu X, Wu M. Construction of Cu 7 S 4 @CuCo 2 O 4 Yolk-Shell Microspheres Composite and Elucidation of Its Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity, Mechanism, and Pathway for Carbamazepine Degradation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207370. [PMID: 36765447 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Water pollution caused by the massive use of medicines has caused significant environmental problems. This work first reports the synthesis and characterization of the Cu7 S4 /CuCo2 O4 (CS/CCO) yolk-shell microspheres via hydrothermal and annealing methods, and then investigates their photocatalytic performance in removing organic water pollutants. The 10-CS/CCO composite with yolk-shell microspheres exhibits the highest photodegradation rate of carbamazepine (CBZ), reaching 96.3% within 2 h. The 10-CS/CCO also demonstrates more than two times higher photodegradation rates than the pure (Cu7 S4 ) CS and (CuCo2 O4 ) CCO. This outstanding photocatalytic performance can be attributed to the unique yolk-shell structure and the Z-scheme charge transfer pathway, reducing multiple reflections of the acting light. These factors enhance the light absorption efficiency and efficiently transfer photoexcited charge carriers. In-depth, photocatalytic degradation pathways of CBZ are systematically evaluated via the identification of degradation intermediates with Fukui index calculation. The insights gained from this work can serve as a guideline for developing low-cost and efficient Z-scheme photocatalyst composites with the yolk-shell structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuming He
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, P. R. China
- Huaide School, Changzhou University, Jingjiang, 214500, P. R. China
- School of Microelectronics and Control Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, P. R. China
| | - Hanpei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, P. R. China
| | - Ngie Hing Wong
- Research Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Jalan Simpang Tiga, Kuching, Sarawak, 93350, Malaysia
| | - Lusi Ernawati
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Kalimantan, Balikpapan, 76127, Indonesia
| | - Jaka Sunarso
- Research Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Jalan Simpang Tiga, Kuching, Sarawak, 93350, Malaysia
| | - Zhengyi Huang
- Huaide School, Changzhou University, Jingjiang, 214500, P. R. China
| | - Yongmei Xia
- School of Materials and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, 213001, P. R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, 318000, P. R. China
| | - Jiangbin Su
- School of Microelectronics and Control Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofei Fu
- School of Materials and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, 213001, P. R. China
| | - Mi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, P. R. China
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