Ratiometric electrochemical sensor for bisphenol A detection using a glassy carbon electrode modified with a poly(toluidine blue)/gold nanoparticle composite

A ratiometric electrochemical sensor for bisphenol A (BPA) detection is developed using a glassy carbon electrode modified with a poly(toluidine blue)/gold nanoparticle composite (PTB/AuNP/GCE). The ratiometric signal, namely, the oxidation peak current ratio of BPA to PTB, increases linearly with BPA concentration in the 0.2-5.0 μM range, with a detection limit of 0.15 μM. The electrochemical mechanism of BPA is studied at the PTB/AuNP/GCE, and the results show that BPA undergoes an electrooxidation process of two electrons and two protons at the PTB/AuNP/GCE. The proposed sensor has high sensitivity, high stability and good selectivity. The application of BPA in water samples is successfully verified using the proposed ratiometric electrochemical sensor.

A combined spectroscopic and computational investigation on dispersion-controlled docking of Ar atoms on 2-(2'-pyridyl)benzimidazole

The dispersion-controlled docking of inert Ar atoms on the face of polycyclic 2-(2'-pyridyl)-benzimidazole (PBI) was studied experimentally aided by computational findings. The PBI-Ar_n (n = 1-3) complexes were produced in a supersonically jet-cooled molecular beam and probed using resonant two-photon ionization coupled with a time-of-flight mass spectrometric detection scheme and laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy. The ground state vibrational frequencies were obtained from single vibronic level fluorescence spectroscopy. The formation of multiple isomers was verified using UV-UV hole-burning spectroscopy. The geometries of PBI-Ar_n (n = 1-3) complexes were derived by mutual agreement between experimental findings and computational results such as vibrational frequencies in the ground and excited electronic states, Franck-Condon factors and spectral shift of the S₁← S₀ transitions. All the above analyses provided good agreement between the experimental and simulated spectrum with the most stable PBI-Ar_n (n = 1-3) clusters. The highest intermolecular interaction between PBI and Ar was obtained with the Ar atom positioned above the imidazolyl ring. A second Ar atom was preferably docking on the other side of the imidazolyl ring than the pyridyl ring. The subsequent addition of the third Ar atom preferred the position above the pyridyl ring. The current investigation can be useful to investigate the preferential docking of dispersion-controlled interacting partners in multifunctional aromatic side chains present in biological systems.