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Usuba J, Han GG. Photoswitch designs for molecular solar thermal energy storage. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Crystal Engineering of Ionic Cocrystals Sustained by Azolium···Azole Heterosynthons. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112321. [DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Crystal engineering of multi-component molecular crystals, cocrystals, is a subject of growing interest, thanks in part to the potential utility of pharmaceutical cocrystals as drug substances with improved properties. Whereas molecular cocrystals (MCCs) are quite well studied from a design perspective, ionic cocrystals (ICCs) remain relatively underexplored despite there being several recently FDA-approved drug products based upon ICCs. Successful cocrystal design strategies typically depend on strong and directional noncovalent interactions between coformers, as exemplified by hydrogen bonds. Understanding of the hierarchy of such interactions is key to successful outcomes in cocrystal design. We herein address the crystal engineering of ICCs comprising azole functional groups, particularly imidazoles and triazoles, which are commonly encountered in biologically active molecules. Specifically, azoles were studied for their propensity to serve as coformers with strong organic (trifluoroacetic acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid) and inorganic (hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid and nitric acid) acids to gain insight into the hierarchy of NH+···N (azolium-azole) supramolecular heterosynthons. Accordingly, we combined data mining of the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) with the structural characterization of 16 new ICCs (11 imidazoles, 4 triazoles, one imidazole-triazole). Analysis of the new ICCs and 66 relevant hits archived in the CSD revealed that supramolecular synthons between identical azole rings (A+B−A) are much more commonly encountered, 71, than supramolecular synthons between different azole rings (A+B−C), 11. The average NH+···N distance found in the new ICCs reported herein is 2.697(3) Å and binding energy calculations suggested that hydrogen bond strengths range from 31–46 kJ mol−1. The azolium-triazole ICC (A+B−C) was obtained via mechanochemistry and differed from the other ICCs studied as there was no NH+···N hydrogen bonding. That the CNC angles in imidazoles and 1,2,4-triazoles are sensitive to protonation, the cationic forms having larger (approximately 4.4 degrees) values than comparable neutral rings, was used as a parameter to distinguish between protonated and neutral azole rings. Our results indicate that ICCs based upon azolium-azole supramolecular heterosynthons are viable targets, which has implications for the development of new azole drug substances with improved properties.
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Denisov MS, Dmitriev MV, Gagarskikh ON, Glushkov VA. Synthesis and Structural Studies of N-Heterocyclic Schiff Bases of Allobetulamine. Chem Nat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-022-03665-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kashyap A, Balraj V, Ramalingam V, Pattabiraman M. Unravelling Supramolecular Photocycloaddition: Cavitand-Mediated Reactivity of 3-(Aryl)Acrylic Acids. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022; 425:113695. [PMID: 35340561 PMCID: PMC8954433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The supramolecular photocycloaddition (PCA) of 3-(phenyl)acrylic acid has been extensively pursued by chemists to study weak interactions and synthesize substituted cyclobutanes. The stereo- and regioselectivity of the products in a supramolecularly affected reaction are often used as a probe for assessing the nature of weak interactions and/or molecular ambience of the reactants. However, some crucial aspects of this chemistry have often remained underexplored in the past, especially within the context of interpreting strength and directionality of interactions based on reaction outcomes. We present a detailed study of the cavitand-mediated PCA of a new and suitable reactant (3-(naphthyl)acrylic acids) that exhibits labile photo-reversible chemistry, which is suitable for exploring previously un-explored aspects of the supramolecular PCA chemistry. Our studies afford important insights about this chemistry that should be considered while using product selectivity as a proxy for deducing intermolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasu Balraj
- University of Nebraska Kearney, NE – 68845, USA
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Wang N, Long BF, Yin XH, Huang ZJ, Mi Y, Hu FL, Young DJ. New structurally diverse photoactive cadmium coordination polymers. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:18194-18201. [PMID: 34860227 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03405g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Four structurally diverse coordination polymers 1-4 (CP1-CP4) were designed and constructed from Cd(II) ions and various carboxyl ligands (H2oba, 4,4'-oxydibenzoic acid; H2bpa, (E)-4,4'-(ethene-1,2-diyl)dibenzoic acid; H2pbda, 4,4'-((1,3-phenylenebis(methylene))bis(oxy))dibenzoic acid) and the alkene containing ligand (CH3-bpeb, 4,4'-((1E,1'E)-(2,5-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene)bis(ethene-2,1-diyl))dipyridine). CP1-CP4 possess Cd2 binuclear secondary building units (SBUs). The geometry of the dicarboxylate ligands and the reaction conditions determined the final structure with a variety of motifs. CP1 possesses an interdigitated 2D structure, while CP2 consists of a 1D channel-like motif with isolated CH3-bpeb molecules embedded in the channels. The solid-state structure of CP3 consists of two unique layers interpenetrated to form a 2D + 2D → 2D polycatenated backbone, while a 1D channel-like motif filled by isolated CH3-bpeb molecules was observed for CP4. In all four coordination polymers pairs of CH3-bpeb molecules were bound or encapsulated by the Cd2 secondary building units at an appropriate distance and orientation for solid-state [2 + 2] photodimerization of one pair of CC bonds. Desolvation of CP3 with heat resulted in a decrease in solid-state fluorescence and a slowing of the rate of solid-state photodimerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China.
| | - Bing-Fan Long
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China.
| | - Xian-Hong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China.
| | - Zhong-Jing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China.
| | - Yan Mi
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China.
| | - Fei-Long Hu
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China.
| | - David James Young
- College of Engineering, IT and Environment, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia
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Li C, Sinnwell MA, Swenson DC, MacGillivray LR. Cubane-forming cyclic dienes that exhibit orthogonal reactivities in the solid state. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:6725-6727. [PMID: 34126633 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02725e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Photoirradiation of a binary cocrystal composed of two different cyclic dienes generates a highly-symmetric cubane-like tetraacid cage regioselectively and in quantitative yield. The cage forms by a double [2+2] photodimerization of one of the diene cocrystal components. The second diene while photostable in the cocrystal reacts in a double [2+2] photodimerization as a pure form quantitatively to form a tetramethyl cubane-like cage. The stereochemistry of the cage is structurally authenticated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changan Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1294, USA.
| | - Michael A Sinnwell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1294, USA.
| | - Dale C Swenson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1294, USA.
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Peedikakkal AMP, Al-Mohsin H, Jalilov A, Sølling TI, Skov AB. Design of Green-Emitting Salts from Substituted Pyridines: Understanding the Solid-State Photodimerization of trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1088-1093. [PMID: 33900679 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphic salts of trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene (bpe), 2[bpeH2 ] ⋅ (SO4 )(2HSO4 ) (1) and [bpeH2 ] ⋅ 2HSO4 (2) have been synthesized and their structures determined by X-ray crystallography. The Schmidt postulate predicts that neither of the salts will give rise to photodimerization so they can both potentially be applied as green light emitters. Despite the predictions, 1 undergoes a stereospecific solid-state photodimerization reaction with 100 % yield. This is due to UV induced combination of sliding and pedal-like movement of the pyridyl ring system that influences the alignment of C=C bonds. The sliding motion is restricted in 2. Consequently, the green emission from 1 is completely quenched after photodimerization. It is evident that counter ions play a dominant role in dis- and enabling photodimerization; their degree of protonization and lattice placement are important solvent controlled design parameters towards crystal structures that can act as future light emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hasan Al-Mohsin
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahad University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Almaz Jalilov
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahad University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Theis I Sølling
- Center for Integrative Petroleum Research, College of Petroleum & Geosciences, King Fahad University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anders B Skov
- Center for Integrative Petroleum Research, College of Petroleum & Geosciences, King Fahad University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Stability and Analysis Development Hospital Pharmacy of the Capital Region, Marielundvej 25, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
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Wang SS, Li K, Ma X, Xue P. Acceptor-regulated luminescence in carbazole-based charge transfer complexes. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00656h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A dicarbazole derivative and two acceptors could formed 1D mixed stacking columns in their charge transfer co-crystals. Moreover, the LUMO energy levels of the acceptors determine the fluorescence colors of the co-crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Si Wang
- Department of Translational Medicine
- The First Hospital of Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Kechang Li
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Ma
- Department of Translational Medicine
- The First Hospital of Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
- Department of Oncology
| | - Pengchong Xue
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules
- College of Chemistry
- Tianjin Normal University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
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