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Yu Y, Jiang J, Hua L, Xu Y, Chen C, Chen Y, Li H. Manipulation of Ion Conversion in Dichloromethane-Enhanced Vacuum Ultraviolet Photoionization Mass Spectrometry of Oxygenated Volatile Organic Compounds. Anal Chem 2023; 95:12940-12947. [PMID: 37582208 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
The ion conversion processes in CH2Cl2-enhanced vacuum ultraviolet photoionization of oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) have been systematically studied by regulating the pressure, humidity, and reaction time in the ionization source of a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. As the ionization source pressure increased from 100 to 1100 Pa, the main characteristic ions changed from CH2Cl+ to CH2Cl+(H2O), CH2OH+, and C2H4OH+ and then to the hydrated hydronium ions H3O+(H2O)n (n = 1, 2, 3). The total ion current (TIC) almost remained unchanged even if the humidity increased from 44 to 3120 ppmv, indicating interconversion between ions through ion-molecule reactions. The intensity of protonated methanol/ethanol (sample S) ion was almost linearly correlated with the intensity of H3O+(H2O)n, which pointed to the proton transfer reaction (PTR) mechanism. The reaction time was regulated by the electric field strength in the ionization region. The intensity variation trends of different ions with the reaction time indicated that a series of step-by-step ion-molecule reactions occurred in the ionization source, i.e., the primary ion CH2Cl+ reacted with H2O and converted to the intermediate product ions CH2OH+ and C2H4OH+, which then further reacted with H2O and led to the production of H3O+, and finally, the protonated sample ion SH+ was obtained through PTR with H3O+, as the ion-molecule reactions progressed. This study provides valuable insights into understanding the formation mechanism of some unexpected intermediate product ions and hydrated hydronium ions in dopant-enhanced VUV photoionization and also helps to optimize experimental conditions to enhance the sensitivity of OVOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry Technology and Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jichun Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry Technology and Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Hua
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry Technology and Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqian Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry Technology and Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry Technology and Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry Technology and Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry Technology and Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
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Zhao Z, Ma S, Gao B, Bi F, Qiao R, Yang Y, Wu M, Zhang X. A systematic review of intermediates and their characterization methods in VOCs degradation by different catalytic technologies. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Wei GP, Liu QY, Ren Y, He SG. A ship-lock-type reactor for ion-molecule reactions of mass-selected ions under high-pressure conditions. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:104104. [PMID: 34717428 DOI: 10.1063/5.0059570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A ship-lock-type reactor has been developed to study ion-molecule reactions of mass-selected ions under high-pressure conditions. Neutral gas molecules can be confined in the reactor by controlling two electromagnet valves to close both the inlet and the outlet of the reactor. Gas-phase ions can be trapped in an ion funnel trap installed in the reactor and interacted with a high-pressure (up to 1000 Pa) reactant gas for a period of time (up to 1 s). The reactions of mass-selected V2O6 - with CH4 and n-C4H10 and mass-selected Au+ with n-C7H16 were investigated to evaluate the performance of the reactor. The hydrogen atom abstraction product V2O6H- was observed for the reaction of V2O6 - with CH4, the rate constant was measured to be (1.9 ± 0.4) × 10-16 cm3 molecule-1 s-1, and the kinetic isotope effect value was determined to be 5.4 ± 1.1. Furthermore, the detection limit of n-C7H16 with 1-min measurements was determined to be (19 ± 2) pptv, which is significantly lower than those in previous studies. These results indicate that the current apparatus is a prospective for the study of slow ion-molecule reactions and the detection of trace amounts of gas species, such as volatile organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong-Ping Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
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Spesyvyi A, Lacko M, Dryahina K, Smith D, Španěl P. Ligand Switching Ion Chemistry: An SIFDT Case Study of the Primary and Secondary Reactions of Protonated Acetic Acid Hydrates with Acetone. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:2251-2260. [PMID: 34283585 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A study was performed of the reactions of protonated acetic acid hydrates, CH3COOHH+(H2O)n, with acetone molecules, CH3COCH3, using a selected ion flow-drift tube (SIFDT). The rationale for this study is that hydrated protonated organic molecules are major product ions in secondary electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (SESI-MS) and ion mobility spectrometry (IMS). Yet the formation and reactivity of these hydrates are only poorly understood, and kinetics data are only sparse. The existing SIFDT instrument in our laboratory was upgraded to include an octupole ion guide and a separate drift tube by which hydrated protonated ions can be selectively injected into the drift tube reactor and their reactions with molecules studied under controlled conditions. This case study shows that, in these hydrated ion reactions with acetone molecules, the dominant reaction process is ligand switching producing mostly proton-bound dimer ions (CH3COCH3)H+(CH3COOH), with minor branching into (CH3COCH3)H+(H2O). This switching reaction was observed to proceed at the collisional rate, while other studied hydrated ions reacted more slowly. An attempt is made to understand the reaction mechanisms and the structures of the reaction intermediate ions at the molecular level. Secondary switching reactions of the asymmetric proton-bound dimer ions lead to a formation of strongly bound symmetrical dimers (CH3COCH3)2H+, the terminating ion in this ion chemistry. These results strongly suggest that, in SESI-MS and IMS, the presence of a polar compound, like acetone in exhaled breath, can suppress the analyte ions of low concentration compounds like acetic acid thus compromising their quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatolii Spesyvyi
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Lacko
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 747/2, 18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Kseniya Dryahina
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - David Smith
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Patrik Španěl
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
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Živković S, Skorić M, Ristić M, Filipović B, Milutinović M, Perišić M, Puač N. Rehydration Process in Rustyback Fern ( Asplenium ceterach L.): Profiling of Volatile Organic Compounds. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10070574. [PMID: 34201481 PMCID: PMC8301159 DOI: 10.3390/biology10070574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Severe environmental changes, such as drought, can delay growth, the development of plants, and induce injury to their tissues. However, a group of land plant species, called resurrection or desiccation-tolerant plants, is able to lose 95% of their cellular water and still remain viable for long periods, resuming full metabolic activity upon rehydration. Recovery from near-complete water loss is complex and requires the coordination of physical and chemical processes in the resurrection plants. Under stress conditions plants also synthesize and release a wide variety of volatile organic compounds with diverse biological and ecological functions. The rehydration process in resurrection rustyback fern (Asplenium ceterach) resulted in complete plant recovery within 72 h, accompanied by high emission of volatiles, mainly belonging to the group of fatty acid derivatives. These findings could have significant implications from biotechnological and ecological perspectives since the rustyback fern has been recently recognized as a valuable source of bioactive compounds. Abstract When exposed to stressful conditions, plants produce numerous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that have different biological and environmental functions. VOCs emitted during the rehydration process by the fronds of desiccation tolerant fern Asplenium ceterach L. were investigated. Headspace GC–MS analysis revealed that the volatiles profile of rustyback fern is mainly composed of fatty acid derivatives: isomeric heptadienals (over 25%) and decadienals (over 20%), other linear aldehydes, alcohols, and related compounds. Aerial parts of the rustyback fern do not contain monoterpene-type, sesquiterpene-type, and diterpene-type hydrocarbons or corresponding terpenoids. Online detection of VOCs using proton-transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR–MS) showed a significant increase in emission intensity of dominant volatiles during the first hours of the rehydration process. Twelve hours after re-watering, emission of detected volatiles had returned to the basal levels that corresponded to hydrated plants. During the early phase of rehydration malondialdehyde (MDA) content in fronds, as an indicator of membrane damage, decreased rapidly which implies that lipoxygenase activity is not stimulated during the recovery process of rustyback fern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzana Živković
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.F.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: (S.Ž.); (M.S.)
| | - Marijana Skorić
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.F.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: (S.Ž.); (M.S.)
| | - Mihailo Ristić
- Institute for Medicinal Plant Research “Dr Josif Pančić”, Tadeuša Košćuška 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Biljana Filipović
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.F.); (M.M.)
| | - Milica Milutinović
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.F.); (M.M.)
| | - Mirjana Perišić
- Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.P.); (N.P.)
| | - Nevena Puač
- Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.P.); (N.P.)
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Wan N, Jiang J, Hu F, Chen P, Zhu K, Deng D, Xie Y, Wu C, Hua L, Li H. Nonuniform Electric Field-Enhanced In-Source Declustering in High-Pressure Photoionization/Photoionization-Induced Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Operando Catalytic Reaction Monitoring. Anal Chem 2021; 93:2207-2214. [PMID: 33410328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Photoionization mass spectrometry (PI-MS) is a powerful and highly sensitive analytical technique for online monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, due to the large difference of PI cross sections for different compounds and the limitation of photon energy, the ability of lamp-based PI-MS for detection of compounds with low PI cross sections and high ionization energies (IEs) is insufficient. Although the ion production rate can be improved by elevating the ion source pressure, the problem of generating plenty of cluster ions, such as [MH]+·(H2O)n (n = 1 and 2) and [M2]+, needs be solved. In this work, we developed a new nonuniform electric field high-pressure photoionization/photoionization-induced chemical ionization (NEF-HPPI/PICI) source with the abilities of both HPPI and PICI, which was accomplished through ion-molecule reactions with high-intensity H3O+ reactant ions generated by photoelectron ionization (PEI) of water molecules. By establishing a nonuniform electric field in a three-zone ionization region to enhance in-source declustering and using 99.999% helium as the carrier gas, not only the formation of cluster ions was significantly diminished, but the ion transmission efficiency was also improved. Consequently, the main characteristic ion for each analyte both in HPPI and PICI occupied more than 80%, especially [HCOOH·H]+ with a yield ratio of 99.2% for formic acid. The analytical capacity of this system was demonstrated by operando monitoring the hydrocarbons and oxygenated VOC products during the methanol-to-olefins and methane conversion catalytic reaction processes, exhibiting wide potential applications in process monitoring, reaction mechanism research, and online quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningbo Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jichun Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Hu
- Henan Medical Instruments Testing Institute, 79 Xiongerhe Road, Zhengzhou 450018, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaixin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Dehui Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxin Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Hua
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People's Republic of China
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Lacko M, Michalczuk B, Matejčík Š, Španěl P. Ion chemistry of phthalates in selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry: isomeric effects and secondary reactions with water vapour. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:16345-16352. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00538j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of H3O+, O2+ and NO+ with phthalates and secondary reactions of product ions with water vapor were studied by SIFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Lacko
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the CAS
- 182 23 Prague
- Czech Republic
- Charles University
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
| | - Bartosz Michalczuk
- Comenius University in Bratislava
- Faculty of Mathematics
- Physics and Informatics
- 84248 Bratislava
- Slovakia
| | - Štefan Matejčík
- Comenius University in Bratislava
- Faculty of Mathematics
- Physics and Informatics
- 84248 Bratislava
- Slovakia
| | - Patrik Španěl
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the CAS
- 182 23 Prague
- Czech Republic
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