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Calistri S, Ubaldini A, Telloli C, Gennerini F, Marghella G, Gessi A, Bruni S, Rizzo A. Exfoliation of Molecular Solids by the Synergy of Ultrasound and Use of Surfactants: A Novel Method Applied to Boric Acid. Molecules 2024; 29:3324. [PMID: 39064902 PMCID: PMC11279655 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29143324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Boric acid, H3BO3, is a molecular solid made up of layers held together by weak van der Waals forces. It can be considered a pseudo "2D" material, like graphite, compared to graphene. The key distinction is that within each individual layer, the molecular units are connected not only by strong covalent bonds but also by hydrogen bonds. Therefore, classic liquid exfoliation is not suitable for this material, and a specific method needs to be developed. Preliminary results of exfoliation of boric acid particles by combination of ultrasound and the use of surfactants are presented. Ultrasound provides the system with the energy needed for the process, and the surfactant can act to keep the crystalline flakes apart. A system consisting of a saturated solution and large excess solid residue of boric acid was treated in this way for a few hours at 40 °C in the presence of various sodium stearate, proving to be very promising, and an incipient exfoliation was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Calistri
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, C.R. Bologna, Via Martiri di Monte Sole 4, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (S.C.); (C.T.); (G.M.); (A.G.); (S.B.); (A.R.)
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Ubaldini
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, C.R. Bologna, Via Martiri di Monte Sole 4, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (S.C.); (C.T.); (G.M.); (A.G.); (S.B.); (A.R.)
| | - Chiara Telloli
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, C.R. Bologna, Via Martiri di Monte Sole 4, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (S.C.); (C.T.); (G.M.); (A.G.); (S.B.); (A.R.)
| | - Francesco Gennerini
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi” (DEI), Biomedical Engineering, Cesena Campus, University of Bologna, Via dell’Università 50, 47522 Cesena, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Marghella
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, C.R. Bologna, Via Martiri di Monte Sole 4, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (S.C.); (C.T.); (G.M.); (A.G.); (S.B.); (A.R.)
| | - Alessandro Gessi
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, C.R. Bologna, Via Martiri di Monte Sole 4, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (S.C.); (C.T.); (G.M.); (A.G.); (S.B.); (A.R.)
| | - Stefania Bruni
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, C.R. Bologna, Via Martiri di Monte Sole 4, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (S.C.); (C.T.); (G.M.); (A.G.); (S.B.); (A.R.)
| | - Antonietta Rizzo
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, C.R. Bologna, Via Martiri di Monte Sole 4, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (S.C.); (C.T.); (G.M.); (A.G.); (S.B.); (A.R.)
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Zhang D, Sasidharan S, Shi J, Sasikala Devi AA, Su J, Huang J, Xia Z. Producing Bilayer Graphene Oxide via Wedge Ion-Assisted Anodic Exfoliation: Implications for Energy and Electronics. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2023; 6:19639-19650. [PMID: 37969784 PMCID: PMC10644297 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.3c03284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical synthesis has emerged as a promising approach for the large-scale production of graphene-based two-dimensional (2D) materials. Electrochemical intercalation of ions and molecules between graphite layers plays a key role in the synthesis of graphene with controllable thickness. However, there is still a limited understanding regarding the impact of intercalant molecules. Herein, we investigated a series of anionic species (i.e., ClO4-, PF6-, BF4-, HSO4-, CH3SO3-, and TsO-) and examined their wedging process between the weakly bonded layered materials driven by electrochemistry. By combining cyclic voltammetry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy, along with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we found that stage-2 graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) can be obtained through intercalation of ClO4-, PF6-, or BF4- anions into the adjacent graphene bilayers. The anodic exfoliation step based on ClO4--GIC in (NH4)2SO4 (aq.) resulted in the formation of bilayer-rich (>57%) electrochemically exfoliated graphene oxide (EGO), with a high yield (∼85 wt %). Further, the physicochemical properties of these EGO can be readily customized through electrochemical reduction and modification with different surfactants. This versatility allows for precise tailoring of EGO, making it feasible for energy and electronic applications such as electrodes in electrochemical capacitors and functional composites in wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daheng Zhang
- Laboratory
for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of
Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science
& Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Sankar Sasidharan
- Department
of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers
University of Technology, Göteborg 41296, Sweden
| | - Jiahao Shi
- Department
of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers
University of Technology, Göteborg 41296, Sweden
| | | | - Jianhua Su
- Laboratory
for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of
Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science
& Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Jinhai Huang
- Shanghai
Taoe Chemical Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyuan Xia
- Department
of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers
University of Technology, Göteborg 41296, Sweden
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Jamaluddin NA, Mohamed A, Bakar SA, Ardyani T, Sagisaka M, Saito H, Mamat MH, Ahmad MK, Abdul Khalil HPS, King SM, Rogers SE, Eastoe J. Fabrication and application of composite adsorbents made by one-pot electrochemical exfoliation of graphite in surfactant ionic liquid/nanocellulose mixtures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:19313-19328. [PMID: 34524298 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02206g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Previously, surfactant-assisted exfoliated graphene oxide (sEGO) formed with the triple-chain surfactant TC14 (sodium 1,4-bis(neopentyloxy)-3-(neopentylcarbonyl)-1,4-dioxobutane-2-sulfonate) was applied in wastewater treatment. The extent of dye-removal and the adsorption capacity of the sEGO formed with this triple-chain surfactant outperformed those of two other systems, namely, the di-chain version of TC14 (AOT14; sodium 1,2-bis-(2,2-dimethyl-propoxycarbonyl)-ethanesulfonate) and the single-chain surfactant sodium n-dodecylsulfate. In the present study, to further optimise the surfactant chemical structure, the sodium ion of TC14 was substituted with 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium (BMIM) generating surfactant ionic liquids (SAILs; 1-butyl-3-imidazolium 1,4-bis(neopentyloxy)-3-(neopentyloxycarbonyl)-1,4-dioxobutane-2-sulfonate), hereafter denoted as BMIM-TC14. This SAIL, together with nanofibrillated kenaf cellulose (NFC), was used to electrochemically exfoliate graphite, yielding BMIM-TC14 sEGO/NFC composites. These highly hydrophobic polymer composites were then used for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution. 1H NMR spectroscopy was used to elucidate the structure of the synthesised SAILs. The morphologies of the resulting nanocomposites were investigated using Raman spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Analysis using small-angle neutron scattering was performed to examine the aggregation behaviour of sEGO and custom-made SAILs. Zeta potential, surface tension, and dynamic light-scattering measurements were used to study the aqueous properties and colloidal stability of the suspension. Amongst the surfactants tested, BMIM-TC14 sEGO/NFC exhibited the highest MB adsorption ability, achieving 99% dye removal under optimum conditions. These results highlight the importance of modifying the hydrophilic moieties of amphiphilic compounds to improve the performance of sEGO/NFC composites as effective adsorbents for wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Amirah Jamaluddin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Azmi Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia. .,Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Suriani Abu Bakar
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Tretya Ardyani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Masanobu Sagisaka
- Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, Bunkyo-cho 3, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - Haruka Saito
- Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, Bunkyo-cho 3, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - Mohamad Hafiz Mamat
- NANO-ElecTronic Centre (NET), School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Khairul Ahmad
- Microelectronic and Nanotechnology - Shamsuddin Research Centre (MiNT-SRC), Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
| | - H P S Abdul Khalil
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11700, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Stephen M King
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron & Muon Source, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QT, UK
| | - Sarah E Rogers
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron & Muon Source, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QT, UK
| | - Julian Eastoe
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
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Wang X, Qian J, Sun Z, Zhang Z, He M. Synthesis, characterization, and functional evaluation of branched dodecyl phenol polyoxyethylene ethers: a novel class of surfactants with excellent wetting properties. RSC Adv 2021; 11:38054-38059. [PMID: 35498055 PMCID: PMC9044218 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06873c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of branched dodecyl phenol polyoxyethylene ethers (b-DPEOn) were successfully synthesized via alkylation and ethylene oxide addition reactions. The alkylation reaction was conducted by using a branched internal olefin as the raw material. Furthermore, the conversion rate of the branched dodecene was measured to be 98.1% and the selectivity towards branched dodecyl phenol (b-DP) was 95.9%. Moreover, b-DPEOn (b-DPEO7, b-DPEO10, b-DPEO12) were obtained via the reaction of ethylene oxide with b-DP. Notably, b-DPEO10 can efficiently reduce the surface tension of water below 31.55 mN m−1 at the critical micelle concentration (cmc) and the cmc value in water was approximately 1.3 × 10−2 g L−1 at 25 °C. The preferable wetting ability of b-DPEO10 was superior to that of commercialized dodecyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether (c-DPEOn), so it will be promoted and used in the textile and pesticide industries. A series of branched dodecyl phenol polyoxyethylene ethers (b-DPEOn) were successfully synthesized by using internal olefins with branches, in which branched structures promote good wetting ability.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Junfeng Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Zhonghua Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Mingyang He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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