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Bueno PR. On the fundamentals of quantum rate theory and the long-range electron transport in respiratory chains. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:5348-5365. [PMID: 38651285 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00662j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
It has been shown that both the electron-transfer rate constant of an electrochemical reaction and the conductance quantum are correlated with the concept of quantum capacitance. This simple association between the two separate concepts has an entirely quantum rate basis that encompasses the electron-transfer rate theory as originally proposed by Rudolph A. Marcus whether statistical mechanics is appropriately taken into account. I have prepared a concise review of the quantum mechanical rate theory principles focused on its quantum electrodynamics character to demonstrate that it can reconcile the conflicting views established on attempting to use the super-exchange (supported on electron transfer) or 'metallic-like' (supported on conductance quantum) mechanisms separately to explain the highly efficient long-range electron transport observed in the respiratory processes of living cells. The unresolved issues related to long-range electron transport are clarified in light of the quantum rate theory with a discussion focused on Geobacter sulfurreducens films as a reference standard of the respiration chain. Theoretical analyses supported by experimental data suggest that the efficiency of respiration within a long-range electron transport path is intrinsically a quantum mechanical event that follows relativistic quantum electrodynamics principles as addressed by quantum rate theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Roberto Bueno
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics, Sao Paulo State University, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Lucas Garrote B, Lopes LC, Pinzón EF, Mendonça-Natividade FC, Martins RB, Santos A, Arruda E, Bueno PR. Reagentless Quantum-Rate-Based Electrochemical Signal of Graphene for Detecting SARS-CoV-2 Infection Using Nasal Swab Specimens. ACS Sens 2022; 7:2645-2653. [PMID: 36049154 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The quantum-rate model predicts a rate k as a frequency for transporting electrons within molecular structures, which is governed by the ratio between the quantum of conductance G and capacitance Cq, such that k = G/Cq. This frequency, as measured in a single-layer graphene appropriately modified with suitable biological receptors, can be applied as a transducer signal that ranges sensitivities within the attomole for biosensing applications. Here, we applied this label-free and reagentless biosensing transducer signal methodology for the qualitative diagnosis of COVID-19 infections, where this assay methodology was shown to be similar to the gold-standard real-time polymerase chain reaction. The quantum-rate strategy for the diagnosis of COVID-19 was performed by combining the response of the interface for detecting the S and N proteins of SARS-CoV-2 virus as accessed from nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal patient samples with 80% of sensitivity and 77% of specificity. As a label-free and reagentless biosensing platform, the methodology is decidedly useful for point-of-care and internet-of-things biological assaying technologies, not only because of its real-time ability to measure infections but also because of the capability for miniaturization inherent in reagentless electrochemical methods. This approach effectively permits the rapid development of biological assays for surveillance and control of endemics and pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Lucas Garrote
- Department of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, São Paulo 14800-060, Brazil
| | - Laís C Lopes
- Department of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, São Paulo 14800-060, Brazil
| | - Edgar F Pinzón
- Department of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, São Paulo 14800-060, Brazil
| | - Flávia C Mendonça-Natividade
- Department of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, São Paulo 14800-060, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo B Martins
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Adriano Santos
- Department of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, São Paulo 14800-060, Brazil
| | - Eurico Arruda
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo R Bueno
- Department of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, São Paulo 14800-060, Brazil
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Sánchez YP, Santos A, Roberto Bueno P. Quantum rate efficiency of the charge transfer mediated by quantum capacitive states. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Cahen D, Pecht I, Sheves M. What Can We Learn from Protein-Based Electron Transport Junctions? J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:11598-11603. [PMID: 34852460 PMCID: PMC8647078 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Cahen
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Israel Pecht
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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Alarcón EVG, Santos A, Bueno PR. Perspective on quantum electrochemistry. A simple method for measuring the electron transfer rate constant. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
The electron transfer rate constant of an electrochemical reaction and the conductance quantum are fundamental concepts that drive processes ranging from nanoscale electronic circuits to photosynthesis. In this paper, it is demonstrated that they are correlated with the concept of electrochemical capacitance. The relationship between electron transfer rate, quantum transport and electrochemical capacitance encompasses the theory of electron transfer rate proposed by Rudolph A. Marcus, and potentially unites electronics and electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Roberto Bueno
- Institute of Chemistry, Sao Paulo State University, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Bueno PR, Davis JJ. Charge transport and energy storage at the molecular scale: from nanoelectronics to electrochemical sensing. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:7505-7515. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00213h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This tutorial review considers how the fundamental quantized properties associated with charge transport and storage, particularly in molecular films, are linked in a manner that spans nanoscale electronics, electrochemistry, redox switching, and derived nanoscale sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo R. Bueno
- Institute of Chemistry
- Univ. Estadual Paulista (São Paulo State University)
- UNESP
- CP 355
- Araraquara
| | - Jason J. Davis
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford OX1 3QZ
- UK
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