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Auras F, Ascherl L, Bon V, Vornholt SM, Krause S, Döblinger M, Bessinger D, Reuter S, Chapman KW, Kaskel S, Friend RH, Bein T. Dynamic two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks. Nat Chem 2024; 16:1373-1380. [PMID: 38702406 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01527-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Porous covalent organic frameworks (COFs) enable the realization of functional materials with molecular precision. Past research has typically focused on generating rigid frameworks where structural and optoelectronic properties are static. Here we report dynamic two-dimensional (2D) COFs that can open and close their pores upon uptake or removal of guests while retaining their crystalline long-range order. Constructing dynamic, yet crystalline and robust frameworks requires a well-controlled degree of flexibility. We have achieved this through a 'wine rack' design where rigid π-stacked columns of perylene diimides are interconnected by non-stacked, flexible bridges. The resulting COFs show stepwise phase transformations between their respective contracted-pore and open-pore conformations with up to 40% increase in unit-cell volume. This variable geometry provides a handle for introducing stimuli-responsive optoelectronic properties. We illustrate this by demonstrating switchable optical absorption and emission characteristics, which approximate 'null-aggregates' with monomer-like behaviour in the contracted COFs. This work provides a design strategy for dynamic 2D COFs that are potentially useful for realizing stimuli-responsive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Auras
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Laura Ascherl
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Volodymyr Bon
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Simon M Vornholt
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Simon Krause
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
- Nanochemistry Department, Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Markus Döblinger
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Derya Bessinger
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Reuter
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Karena W Chapman
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Stefan Kaskel
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Bein
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany.
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2
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Davis ZH, Borthwick EAL, Morris RE, Ashbrook SE. Computational NMR investigation of mixed-metal (Al,Sc)-MIL-53 and its phase transitions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:26486-26496. [PMID: 37767813 PMCID: PMC10566452 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04147f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Compositionally complex metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have properties that depend on local structure that is often difficult to characterise. In this paper a density functional theory (DFT) computational study of mixed-metal (Al,Sc)-MIL-53, a flexible MOF with several different forms, was used to calculate the relative energetics of these forms and to predict NMR parameters that can be used to evaluate whether solid-state NMR spectroscopy can be used to differentiate, identify and characterise the forms adopted by mixed-metal MOFs of different composition. The NMR parameters can also be correlated with structural features in the different forms, giving fundamental insight into the nature and origin of the interactions that affect nuclear spins. Given the complexity of advanced NMR experiments required, and the potential need for expensive and difficult isotopic enrichment, the computational work is invaluable in predicting which experiments and approaches are likely to give the most information on the disorder, local structure and pore forms of these mixed-metal MOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary H Davis
- School of Chemistry, EaStCHEM and Centre of Magnetic Resonance, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
| | - Emma A L Borthwick
- School of Chemistry, EaStCHEM and Centre of Magnetic Resonance, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
| | - Russell E Morris
- School of Chemistry, EaStCHEM and Centre of Magnetic Resonance, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
| | - Sharon E Ashbrook
- School of Chemistry, EaStCHEM and Centre of Magnetic Resonance, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
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3
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Lutton‐Gething ARBJ, Nangkam LT, Johansson JOW, Pallikara I, Skelton JM, Whitehead GFS, Vitorica‐Yrezabal I, Attfield MP. Breathing Behaviour Modification of Gallium MIL-53 Metal-Organic Frameworks Induced by the Bridging Framework Inorganic Anion. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203773. [PMID: 36651661 PMCID: PMC10962686 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Controlling aspects of the μ2 -X- bridging anion in the metal-organic framework Ga-MIL-53 [GaX(bdc)] (X- =(OH)- or F- , bdc=1, 4-benzenedicarboxylate) is shown to direct the temperature at which thermally induced breathing transitions of this framework occur. In situ single crystal X-ray diffraction studies reveal that substituting 20 % of (OH)- in [Ga(OH)(bdc)] (1) for F- to produce [Ga(OH)0.8 F0.2 (bdc)] (2) stabilises the large pore (lp) form relative to the narrow pore (np) form, causing a well-defined decrease in the onset of the lp to np transition at higher temperatures, and the adsorption/desorption of nitrogen at lower temperatures through np to lp to intermediate (int) pore transitions. These in situ diffraction studies have also yielded a more plausible crystal structure of the int-[GaX(bdc)] ⋅ H2 O phases and shown that increasing the heating rate to a flash heating regime can enable the int-[GaX(bdc)] ⋅ H2 O to lp-[GaX(bdc)] transition to occur at a lower temperature than np-[GaX(bdc)] via an unreported pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lynda T. Nangkam
- Department of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadM13 9PLManchesterUK
| | - Jens O. W. Johansson
- Department of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadM13 9PLManchesterUK
| | - Ioanna Pallikara
- Department of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadM13 9PLManchesterUK
| | - Jonathan M. Skelton
- Department of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadM13 9PLManchesterUK
| | | | | | - Martin P. Attfield
- Department of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadM13 9PLManchesterUK
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4
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Bilal M, Rashid EU, Munawar J, Iqbal HMN, Cui J, Zdarta J, Ashraf SS, Jesionowski T. Magnetic metal-organic frameworks immobilized enzyme-based nano-biocatalytic systems for sustainable biotechnology. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 237:123968. [PMID: 36906204 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanobiocatalysts, in which enzyme molecules are integrated into/onto multifunctional materials, such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), have been fascinating and appeared as a new interface of nanobiocatalysis with multi-oriented applications. Among various nano-support matrices, functionalized MOFs with magnetic attributes have gained supreme interest as versatile nano-biocatalytic systems for organic bio-transformations. From the design (fabrication) to deployment (application), magnetic MOFs have manifested notable efficacy in manipulating the enzyme microenvironment for robust biocatalysis and thus assure requisite applications in several areas of enzyme engineering at large and nano-biocatalytic transformations, in particular. Magnetic MOFs-linked enzyme-based nano-biocatalytic systems offer chemo-regio- and stereo-selectivities, specificities, and resistivities under fine-tuned enzyme microenvironments. Considering the current sustainable bioprocesses demands and green chemistry needs, we reviewed synthesis chemistry and application prospects of magnetic MOFs-immobilized enzyme-based nano-biocatalytic systems for exploitability in different industrial and biotechnological sectors. More specifically, following a thorough introductory background, the first half of the review discusses various approaches to effectively developed magnetic MOFs. The second half mainly focuses on MOFs-assisted biocatalytic transformation applications, including biodegradation of phenolic compounds, removal of endocrine disrupting compounds, dye decolorization, green biosynthesis of sweeteners, biodiesel production, detection of herbicides and screening of ligands and inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Ehsan Ullah Rashid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38040 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Munawar
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, PR China
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Jiandong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No 29, 13th, Avenue, Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area (TEDA), Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jakub Zdarta
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Syed Salman Ashraf
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates; Center for Biotechnology (BTC), Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Center for Catalysis and Separation (CeCaS), Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Advanced Materials Chemistry Center (AMCC), Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Teofil Jesionowski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland.
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5
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Solid-state NMR studies of host-guest chemistry in metal-organic frameworks. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2022.101633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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6
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Vojvodin CS, Holmes ST, Watanabe LK, Rawson JM, Schurko R. Multi-Component Crystals Containing Urea: Mechanochemical Synthesis and Characterization by 35Cl Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy and DFT Calculations. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01610e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mechanochemical synthesis provides new pathways for the rational design of multi-component crystals (MCCs) involving anionic or cationic components, which offer molecular-level architectures unavailable to MCCs comprised of strictly neutral components....
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7
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Dutta A, Pan Y, Liu JQ, Kumar A. Multicomponent isoreticular metal-organic frameworks: Principles, current status and challenges. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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8
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Martins V, Xu J, Hung I, Gan Z, Gervais C, Bonhomme C, Huang Y. 17 O solid-state NMR at ultrahigh magnetic field of 35.2 T: Resolution of inequivalent oxygen sites in different phases of MOF MIL-53(Al). MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2021; 59:940-950. [PMID: 33305447 PMCID: PMC8192589 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
MIL-53(Al) is a member of the most extensively studied metal-organic framework (MOF) families owing to its "flexible" framework and superior stability. 17 O solid-state NMR (SSNMR) spectroscopy is an ideal site-specific characterization tool as it probes local oxygen environments. Because oxygen local structure is often altered during phase change, 17 O SSNMR can be used to follow phase transitions. However, 17 O is a challenging nucleus to study via SSNMR due to its low sensitivity and resolution arising from the very low natural abundance of 17 O isotope and its quadrupolar nature. In this work, we describe that by using 17 O isotopic enrichment and performing 17 O SSNMR experiments at an ultrahigh magnetic field of 35.2 T, all chemically and crystallographically inequivalent oxygen sites in two representative MIL-53(Al) (as-made and water adsorbed) phases can be completely resolved. The number of signals in each phase is consistent with that predicted from the space group refined from powder X-ray diffraction data. The 17 O 1D magic-angle spinning (MAS) and 2D triple-quantum MAS (3QMAS) spectra at 35.2 T furnish fine information about the host-guest interactions and the structural changes associated with phase transition. The ability to completely resolve multiple chemically and crystallographically inequivalent oxygen sites in MOFs at very high magnetic field, as illustrated in this work, significantly enhances the potential for using the NMR crystallography approach to determine crystal structures of new MOFs and verify the structures of existing MOFs obtained from refining powder X-ray diffraction data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Martins
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Jun Xu
- Center for Rare Earth and Inorganic Functional Materials, Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering & National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Ivan Hung
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL), 1800 East Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Zhehong Gan
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL), 1800 East Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Christel Gervais
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7574, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, LCMCP, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Christian Bonhomme
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7574, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, LCMCP, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Yining Huang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
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9
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Ashbrook SE, Davis ZH, Morris RE, Rice CM. 17O NMR spectroscopy of crystalline microporous materials. Chem Sci 2021; 12:5016-5036. [PMID: 34163746 PMCID: PMC8179582 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00552a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microporous materials, containing pores and channels of similar dimensions to small molecules have a range of applications in catalysis, gas storage and separation and in drug delivery. Their complex structure, often containing different types and levels of positional, compositional and temporal disorder, makes structural characterisation challenging, with information on both long-range order and the local environment required to understand the structure-property relationships and improve the future design of functional materials. In principle, 17O NMR spectroscopy should offer an ideal tool, with oxygen atoms lining the pores of many zeolites and phosphate frameworks, playing a vital role in host-guest chemistry and reactivity, and linking the organic and inorganic components of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). However, routine study is challenging, primarily as a result of the low natural abundance of this isotope (0.037%), exacerbated by the presence of the quadrupolar interaction that broadens the spectral lines and hinders the extraction of information. In this Perspective, we will highlight the current state-of-the-art for 17O NMR of microporous materials, focusing in particular on cost-effective and atom-efficient approaches to enrichment, the use of enrichment to explore chemical reactivity, the challenge of spectral interpretation and the approaches used to help this and the information that can be obtained from NMR spectra. Finally, we will turn to the remaining challenges, including further improving sensitivity, the high-throughput generation of multiple structural models for computational study and the possibility of in situ and in operando measurements, and give a personal perspective on how these required improvements can be used to help solve important problems in microporous materials chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon E Ashbrook
- School of Chemistry, EaStCHEM and Centre of Magnetic Resonance, University of St Andrews St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
| | - Zachary H Davis
- School of Chemistry, EaStCHEM and Centre of Magnetic Resonance, University of St Andrews St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
| | - Russell E Morris
- School of Chemistry, EaStCHEM and Centre of Magnetic Resonance, University of St Andrews St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
| | - Cameron M Rice
- School of Chemistry, EaStCHEM and Centre of Magnetic Resonance, University of St Andrews St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
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10
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Yang J, Wang Y, Pan M, Xie X, Liu K, Hong L, Wang S. Synthesis of Magnetic Metal-Organic Frame Material and Its Application in Food Sample Preparation. Foods 2020; 9:E1610. [PMID: 33172006 PMCID: PMC7694616 DOI: 10.3390/foods9111610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of contaminants in food is an important aspect affecting food safety. Due to the presence of its trace amounts and the complexity of food matrix, it is very difficult to effectively separate and accurately detect them. The magnetic metal-organic framework (MMOF) composites with different structures and functions provide a new choice for the purification of food matrix and enrichment of trace targets, thus providing a new direction for the development of new technologies in food safety detection with high sensitivity and efficiency. The MOF materials composed of inorganic subunits and organic ligands have the advantages of regular pore structure, large specific surface area and good stability, which have been thoroughly studied in the pretreatment of complex food samples. MMOF materials combined different MOF materials with various magnetic nanoparticles, adding magnetic characteristics to the advantages of MOF materials, which are in terms of material selectivity, biocompatibility, easy operation and repeatability. Combined with solid phase extraction (SPE) technique, MMOF materials have been widely used in the food pretreatment. This article introduced the new preparation strategies of different MMOF materials, systematically summarizes their applications as SPE adsorbents in the pretreatment of food contaminants and analyzes and prospects their future application prospects and development directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (J.Y.); (Y.W.); (M.P.); (X.X.); (K.L.); (L.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yabin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (J.Y.); (Y.W.); (M.P.); (X.X.); (K.L.); (L.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Mingfei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (J.Y.); (Y.W.); (M.P.); (X.X.); (K.L.); (L.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xiaoqian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (J.Y.); (Y.W.); (M.P.); (X.X.); (K.L.); (L.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Kaixin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (J.Y.); (Y.W.); (M.P.); (X.X.); (K.L.); (L.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Liping Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (J.Y.); (Y.W.); (M.P.); (X.X.); (K.L.); (L.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (J.Y.); (Y.W.); (M.P.); (X.X.); (K.L.); (L.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
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