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Dilshener D, Parsons DF, Fiedler J. pH-sensitive spontaneous decay of functionalized carbon dots in solutions. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:214103. [PMID: 38828808 DOI: 10.1063/5.0201261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots have become attractive in various applications, such as drug delivery, biological sensing, photocatalysis, and solar cells. Among these, pH sensing via luminescence lifetime measurements of surface-functionalized carbon dots is one application currently investigated for their long lifetime and autonomous operation. In this article, we explore the theoretical connection between excitation lifetimes and the pH value of the surrounding liquid via the protonation and deprotonation of functional groups. Example calculations applied to m-phenylenediamine, phloroglucinol, and tethered disperse blue 1 are shown by applying a separation approach treating the electronic wave function of functional groups separately from the internal electronic structure of the (large) carbon dot. The bulk of the carbon dot is treated as an environment characterized by its optical spectrum that shifts the transition rates of the functional group. A simple relationship between pH, pKa, and mixed fluorescence lifetime is derived from the transition rates of the protonated and deprotonated states. pH sensitivity improves when the difference in the transition rates is greatest between protonated and deprotonated species, with the greatest sensitivity found where the pKa is close to the pH region of interest. The introduced model can directly be extended to consider multicomponent liquids and multiple protonation states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Dilshener
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Allégaten 55, 5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Drew F Parsons
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase (CSGI), Florence, Italy, Unità Operativa University of Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Johannes Fiedler
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Allégaten 55, 5007 Bergen, Norway
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2
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Finkelmeyer SJ, Askins EJ, Eichhorn J, Ghosh S, Siegmund C, Täuscher E, Dellith A, Hupfer ML, Dellith J, Ritter U, Strzalka J, Glusac K, Schacher FH, Presselt M. Tailoring the Weight of Surface and Intralayer Edge States to Control LUMO Energies. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2305006. [PMID: 37572365 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
The energies of the frontier molecular orbitals determine the optoelectronic properties in organic films, which are crucial for their application, and strongly depend on the morphology and supramolecular structure. The impact of the latter two properties on the electronic energy levels relies primarily on nearest-neighbor interactions, which are difficult to study due to their nanoscale nature and heterogeneity. Here, an automated method is presented for fabricating thin films with a tailored ratio of surface to bulk sites and a controlled extension of domain edges, both of which are used to control nearest-neighbor interactions. This method uses a Langmuir-Schaefer-type rolling transfer of Langmuir layers (rtLL) to minimize flow during the deposition of rigid Langmuir layers composed of π-conjugated molecules. Using UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy, it is shown that the rtLL method advances the deposition of multi-Langmuir layers and enables the production of films with defined morphology. The variation in nearest-neighbor interactions is thus achieved and the resulting systematically tuned lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energies (determined via square-wave voltammetry) enable the establishment of a model that functionally relates the LUMO energies to a morphological descriptor, allowing for the prediction of the range of accessible LUMO energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jasmin Finkelmeyer
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Erik J Askins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois, 60607, USA
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, USA
| | - Jonas Eichhorn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Soumik Ghosh
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
- sciclus GmbH & Co. KG, Moritz-von-Rohr-Str. 1a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Carmen Siegmund
- Institute for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ilmenau University of Technology, 98684, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Eric Täuscher
- Institute for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ilmenau University of Technology, 98684, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Andrea Dellith
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Maximilian L Hupfer
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Jan Dellith
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Uwe Ritter
- Institute for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ilmenau University of Technology, 98684, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Joseph Strzalka
- X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Ksenija Glusac
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois, 60607, USA
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, USA
| | - Felix H Schacher
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Presselt
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
- sciclus GmbH & Co. KG, Moritz-von-Rohr-Str. 1a, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743, Jena, Germany
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3
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Fiedler J, Berland K, Borchert JW, Corkery RW, Eisfeld A, Gelbwaser-Klimovsky D, Greve MM, Holst B, Jacobs K, Krüger M, Parsons DF, Persson C, Presselt M, Reisinger T, Scheel S, Stienkemeier F, Tømterud M, Walter M, Weitz RT, Zalieckas J. Perspectives on weak interactions in complex materials at different length scales. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:2671-2705. [PMID: 36637007 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03349f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanocomposite materials consist of nanometer-sized quantum objects such as atoms, molecules, voids or nanoparticles embedded in a host material. These quantum objects can be exploited as a super-structure, which can be designed to create material properties targeted for specific applications. For electromagnetism, such targeted properties include field enhancements around the bandgap of a semiconductor used for solar cells, directional decay in topological insulators, high kinetic inductance in superconducting circuits, and many more. Despite very different application areas, all of these properties are united by the common aim of exploiting collective interaction effects between quantum objects. The literature on the topic spreads over very many different disciplines and scientific communities. In this review, we present a cross-disciplinary overview of different approaches for the creation, analysis and theoretical description of nanocomposites with applications related to electromagnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fiedler
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Allégaten 55, 5007 Bergen, Norway.
| | - K Berland
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Technology Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Campus Ås Universitetstunet 3, 1430 Ås, Norway
| | - J W Borchert
- 1st Institute of Physics, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - R W Corkery
- Surface and Corrosion Science, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Eisfeld
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - D Gelbwaser-Klimovsky
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Helen Diller Quantum Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - M M Greve
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Allégaten 55, 5007 Bergen, Norway.
| | - B Holst
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Allégaten 55, 5007 Bergen, Norway.
| | - K Jacobs
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Center for Biophysics, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,Max Planck School Matter to Life, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Krüger
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - D F Parsons
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - C Persson
- Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1048 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Presselt
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - T Reisinger
- Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - S Scheel
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - F Stienkemeier
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Tømterud
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Allégaten 55, 5007 Bergen, Norway.
| | - M Walter
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - R T Weitz
- 1st Institute of Physics, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - J Zalieckas
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Allégaten 55, 5007 Bergen, Norway.
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4
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Hupfer ML, Dellith J, Seyring M, Diegel M, Dellith A, Ghosh S, Rettenmayr M, Dietzek-Ivanšić B, Presselt M. Bifacial Dye Membranes: Ultrathin and Free-Standing although not Being Covalently Bound. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2204874. [PMID: 36300596 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202204874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Layers of aligned dyes are key to photo-driven charge separation in dye sensitized solar cells, but cannot be exploited as rectifying membranes in photocatalysis to separate half-cells because they are not sufficiently stable. While impressive work on the fabrication of stable noncovalent membranes has been recently demonstrated, these membranes are inherently suffering from non-uniform orientation of the constituting dyes. To stabilize layers made from uniformly assembled and aligned dyes, they can be covalently cross-linked via functional groups or via chromophores at the expense of their optical properties. Here stable membranes from established dyes are reported that do not need to be elaborately functionalized nor do their chromophores need to be destroyed. These membranes are free-standing, although being only non-covalently linked. To enable uniform dye-alignment, Langmuir layers made from linear, water-insoluble dyes are used. That water-soluble charge transfer dyes adsorb onto and intercalate into the Langmuir layer from the aqueous subphase, thus yielding free-standing, molecularly thin membranes are demonstrated. The developed bifacial layers consist almost entirely of π-conjugated units and thus can conduct charges and can be further engineered for optoelectronic and photocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian L Hupfer
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Jan Dellith
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Seyring
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Marco Diegel
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Andrea Dellith
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Soumik Ghosh
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Sciclus GmbH & Co. KG, Moritz-von-Rohr-Str. 1a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Markus Rettenmayr
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek-Ivanšić
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Presselt
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Sciclus GmbH & Co. KG, Moritz-von-Rohr-Str. 1a, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743, Jena, Germany
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5
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Hupfer ML, Meyer R, Deckert-Gaudig T, Ghosh S, Skabeev A, Peneva K, Deckert V, Dietzek B, Presselt M. Supramolecular Reorientation During Deposition Onto Metal Surfaces of Quasi-Two-Dimensional Langmuir Monolayers Composed of Bifunctional Amphiphilic, Twisted Perylenes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:11018-11026. [PMID: 34506143 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular dye structures, which are often ruled by π-π interactions between planar chromophores, crucially determine the optoelectronic properties of layers and interfaces. Here, we present the interfacial assembly of perylene monoanhydride and monoimide that do not feature a planar chromophore but contain chlorine substituents in the bay positions to yield twisted chromophores and hence modified π-stacking. The assembly of the twisted perylene monoanhydride and monoimide is driven by their amphiphilicity that ensures proper Langmuir layer formation. The shielding of the hydrophilic segment upon attaching an alkyl chain to the imide moiety yielded a more rigid Langmuir layer, even though the degrees of freedom were increased due to this modification. For the characterization of the Langmuir layer's supramolecular structure, the layers were deposited onto glass, silver, and gold substrates via Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) and Langmuir-Schaefer (LS) techniques and were investigated with atomic force microscopy and surface-enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy (SERRS). From the similarity between all SERR spectra of the LS and LB layers, we concluded that the perylenes have changed their orientation upon LB deposition to bind to the silver surface of the SERRS substrate via sulfur atoms. In the Langmuir layer, the perylenes, which are π-stacked with half of the twisted chromophores, must already be inclined and cannot achieve full parallel alignment because of the twisting-induced steric hindrance. However, upon rotation, the energetically most favorable antiparallel aligned structures can be formed and bind to the SERRS substrate. Thus, we present, to the best of our knowledge, the first fabrication of quasi-two-dimensional films from twisted amphiphilic perylene monoimides and their reassembly during LB deposition. The relation between the molecular structure, supramolecular interfacial assembly, and its adoption during adsorption revealed here is crucial for the fabrication of defined functionalizations of metal surfaces, which is key to the development of organic (opto)electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian L Hupfer
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Robert Meyer
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Tanja Deckert-Gaudig
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Soumik Ghosh
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Sciclus GmbH & Co. KG, Moritz-von-Rohr-Str. 1a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Artem Skabeev
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Kalina Peneva
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Volker Deckert
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Quantum Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4242, United States
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Presselt
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Sciclus GmbH & Co. KG, Moritz-von-Rohr-Str. 1a, 07745 Jena, Germany
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Hupfer ML, Koszarna B, Ghosh S, Gryko DT, Presselt M. Langmuir-Blodgett Films of Diketopyrrolopyrroles with Tunable Amphiphilicity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:10272-10278. [PMID: 34405682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we present the formation of H- and J-aggregates of amphiphilic centrosymmetric diketopyrrolopyrroles containing aliphatic or aromatic amino groups. The inherent amphiphilicity of these dyes predestines their assembly at interfaces to form ordered supramolecular structures. In this work, we employed the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique to generate, manipulate, and deposit such supramolecular structures. The aforementioned amines provide an additional means to control the formation of the supramolecular assemblies. In the resulting LB films, both H- and J-aggregates of the dyes can be realized, leading to very broad absorption spectra. In contrast to many reports on H- and J-aggregates, the interactions between the symmetric diketopyrrolopyrroles are controlled via interface assembly and π-stacking and not by dipolar interactions. We show that in the case of the aliphatic, but not for the aromatic amine functionalization, the usage of an acidic subphase enables the transition from H- to J-aggregate-dominated LB films via an increase in the surface pressure during deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian L Hupfer
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Beata Koszarna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Soumik Ghosh
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- SciClus GmbH & Co. KG, Moritz-von-Rohr-Str. 1a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Martin Presselt
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- SciClus GmbH & Co. KG, Moritz-von-Rohr-Str. 1a, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Fiedler J, Walter M, Buhmann SY. Effective screening of medium-assisted van der Waals interactions between embedded particles. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:104102. [PMID: 33722018 DOI: 10.1063/5.0037629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of an implicit medium on dispersive interactions of particle pairs is discussed, and simple expressions for the correction relative to vacuum are derived. We show that a single point Gauss quadrature leads to the intuitive result that the vacuum van der Waals C6-coefficient is screened by the permittivity squared of the environment evaluated near to the resonance frequencies of the interacting particles. This approximation should be particularly relevant if the medium is transparent at these frequencies. In this manuscript, we provide simple models and sets of parameters for commonly used solvents, atoms, and small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Fiedler
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Walter
- FIT Freiburg Centre for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Yoshi Buhmann
- Institute of Physics, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
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