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Huang GJ, Li CW, Lee PY, Su JX, Chao KC, Chu LA, Chiang AS, Cheng JX, Chen BH, Lu CH, Chu SW, Yang SD. Electronic Preresonance Stimulated Raman Scattering Spectromicroscopy Using Multiple-Plate Continuum. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:6896-6902. [PMID: 37494414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c02629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) spectromicroscopy is a powerful technique that enables label-free detection of chemical bonds with high specificity. However, the low Raman cross section due to typical far-electronic resonance excitation seriously restricts the sensitivity and undermines its application to bio-imaging. To address this bottleneck, the electronic preresonance (EPR) SRS technique has been developed to enhance the Raman signals by shifting the excitation frequency toward the molecular absorption. A fundamental weakness of the previous demonstration is the lack of dual-wavelength tunability, making EPR-SRS only applicable to a limited number of species in the proof-of-concept experiment. Here, we demonstrate the EPR-SRS spectromicroscopy using a multiple-plate continuum (MPC) light source able to examine a single vibration mode with independently adjustable pump and Stokes wavelengths. In our experiments, the C═C vibration mode of Alexa 635 is interrogated by continuously scanning the pump-to-absorption frequency detuning throughout the entire EPR region enabled by MPC. The results exhibit 150-fold SRS signal enhancement and good agreement with the Albrecht A-term preresonance model. Signal enhancement is also observed in EPR-SRS images of the whole Drosophila brain stained with Alexa 635. With the improved sensitivity and potential to implement hyperspectral measurement, we envision that MPC-EPR-SRS spectromicroscopy can bring the Raman techniques closer to a routine in bio-imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Jie Huang
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wei Li
- Institute of Photonics Technologies, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yi Lee
- Institute of Photonics Technologies, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Xuan Su
- Institute of Photonics Technologies, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chuan Chao
- Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Li-An Chu
- Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30044, Taiwan
| | - Ann-Shyn Chiang
- Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience and Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30044, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Bo-Han Chen
- Institute of Photonics Technologies, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsuan Lu
- Institute of Photonics Technologies, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Wei Chu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Da Yang
- Institute of Photonics Technologies, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
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Kawatani M, Spratt SJ, Fujioka H, Shou J, Misawa Y, Kojima R, Urano Y, Ozeki Y, Kamiya M. 9-Cyano-10-telluriumpyronin Derivatives as Red-light-activatable Raman Probes. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201086. [PMID: 36461627 PMCID: PMC10107100 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Photoactivatable fluorescence probes can track the dynamics of specific cells or biomolecules with high spatiotemporal resolution, but their broad absorption and emission peaks limit the number of wavelength windows that can be employed simultaneously. In contrast, the narrower peak width of Raman signals offers more scope for simultaneous discrimination of multiple targets, and therefore a palette of photoactivatable Raman probes would enable more comprehensive investigation of biological phenomena. Herein we report 9-cyano-10-telluriumpyronin (9CN-TeP) derivatives as photoactivatable Raman probes whose stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) intensity is enhanced by photooxidation of the tellurium atom. Modification to increase the stability of the oxidation product led to a julolidine-like derivative, 9CN-diMeJTeP, which is photo-oxidized at the tellurium atom by red light irradiation to afford a sufficiently stable oxidation product with strong electronic pre-resonance, resulting in a bathochromic shift of the absorption spectrum and increased SRS intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Kawatani
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, 226-8501, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Spencer J Spratt
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Fujioka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Jingwen Shou
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Misawa
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, 226-8501, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kojima
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Urano
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ozeki
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Mako Kamiya
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, 226-8501, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Living Systems Materialogy (LiSM) Research Group, International Research Frontiers Initiative (IRFI), Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, 226-8501, Japan
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Manifold B, Fu D. Quantitative Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy: Promises and Pitfalls. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2022; 15:269-289. [PMID: 35300525 PMCID: PMC10083020 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061020-015110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Since its first demonstration, stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy has become a powerful chemical imaging tool that shows promise in numerous biological and biomedical applications. The spectroscopic capability of SRS enables identification and tracking of specific molecules or classes of molecules, often without labeling. SRS microscopy also has the hallmark advantage of signal strength that is directly proportional to molecular concentration, allowing for in situ quantitative analysis of chemical composition of heterogeneous samples with submicron spatial resolution and subminute temporal resolution. However, it is important to recognize that quantification through SRS microscopy requires assumptions regarding both system and sample. Such assumptions are often taken axiomatically, which may lead to erroneous conclusions without proper validation. In this review, we focus on the tacitly accepted, yet complex, quantitative aspect of SRS microscopy. We discuss the various approaches to quantitative analysis, examples of such approaches, challenges in different systems, and potential solutions. Through our examination of published literature, we conclude that a scrupulous approach to experimental design can further expand the powerful and incisive quantitative capabilities of SRS microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce Manifold
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;
| | - Dan Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;
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Xiong H, Qian N, Miao Y, Zhao Z, Chen C, Min W. Super-resolution vibrational microscopy by stimulated Raman excited fluorescence. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:87. [PMID: 33879766 PMCID: PMC8058038 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00518-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the revolutionary impact of super-resolution fluorescence microscopy, super-resolution Raman imaging has been long pursued because of its much higher chemical specificity than the fluorescence counterpart. However, vibrational contrasts are intrinsically less sensitive compared with fluorescence, resulting in only mild resolution enhancement beyond the diffraction limit even with strong laser excitation power. As such, it is still a great challenge to achieve biocompatible super-resolution vibrational imaging in the optical far-field. In 2019 Stimulated Raman Excited Fluorescence (SREF) was discovered as an ultrasensitive vibrational spectroscopy that combines the high chemical specificity of Raman scattering and the superb sensitivity of fluorescence detection. Herein we developed a novel super-resolution vibrational imaging method by harnessing SREF as the contrast mechanism. We first identified the undesired role of anti-Stokes fluorescence background in preventing direct adoption of super-resolution fluorescence technique. We then devised a frequency-modulation (FM) strategy to remove the broadband backgrounds and achieved high-contrast SREF imaging. Assisted by newly synthesized SREF dyes, we realized multicolor FM-SREF imaging with nanometer spectral resolution. Finally, by integrating stimulated emission depletion (STED) with background-free FM-SREF, we accomplished high-contrast super-resolution vibrational imaging with STED-FM-SREF whose spatial resolution is only determined by the signal-to-noise ratio. In our proof-of-principle demonstration, more than two times of resolution improvement is achieved in biological systems with moderate laser excitation power, which shall be further refined with optimized instrumentation and imaging probes. With its super resolution, high sensitivity, vibrational contrast, and mild laser excitation power, STED-FM-SREF microscopy is envisioned to aid a wide variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqing Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Naixin Qian
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Yupeng Miao
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Zhilun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Wei Min
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
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