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Villarruel FD, Denofrio MP, de León TS, Erra-Balsells R, Wolcan E, García Einschlag FS, Cabrerizo FM. Exploring potooxidative degradation pathways of harmol and harmalol alkaloids in water: effects of pH, excitation sources and atmospheric conditions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:6068-6079. [PMID: 38299458 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05223k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
This work explores the photochemical degradation of cationic species of 7-hydroxy-1-methyl-2H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole or harmol (1C) and the corresponding partially hydrogenated derivative 7-hydroxy-1-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole or harmalol (2C) in aqueous solution. UV-visible absorption and fluorescence emission spectroscopy coupled with multivariate data analysis (MCR-ALS and PARAFAC), HPLC and HRESI-MS techniques were used for both quantitative and qualitative analysis. The formation of hydrogen peroxide reactive oxygen species (ROS) was quantified, and the influence of pH, oxygen partial pressure and photoexcitation source on the photochemical degradation of both compounds was assessed. The potential implications on the biosynthesis of βCs and their biological role in living systems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando D Villarruel
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8.2, CC 164 (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Argentina.
| | - M Paula Denofrio
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8.2, CC 164 (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Argentina.
| | - Tobías Schmidt de León
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Pabellón II, 3er P., Ciudad Universitaria, (1428) Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigación en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pabellón II, 3er P., Ciudad Universitaria, (1428) Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rosa Erra-Balsells
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Pabellón II, 3er P., Ciudad Universitaria, (1428) Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigación en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pabellón II, 3er P., Ciudad Universitaria, (1428) Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Wolcan
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), CCT-La Plata-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Diag. 113 y 64 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Fernando S García Einschlag
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), CCT-La Plata-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Diag. 113 y 64 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Franco M Cabrerizo
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8.2, CC 164 (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Argentina.
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Ospina-Calvo B, De Gerónimo E, Villarruel FD, Aparicio VC, Ashworth L, Erra-Balsells R, Cabrerizo FM. Distribution of photoactive β-carboline alkaloids across Passiflora caerulea floral organs. Photochem Photobiol 2024; 100:87-100. [PMID: 37448143 DOI: 10.1111/php.13837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
This study reports valuable information regarding the presence and concentration of a series of photoactive β-carboline (βCs) alkaloids (norharmane, harmane, harmine, harmol, harmaline, and harmalol) and their distribution across the floral age and organs of Passiflora caerulea. UHPLC-MS/MS data reported herein reveal that the βCs' content ranged from 1 to 110 μg kg-1 , depending on the floral organ and age. In certain physiologically relevant organs, such as anthers, βCs' content was one order of magnitude higher than in other organs, suggesting a special role for βCs in this specific organ. βCs' content also varied in a structure-dependent manner. Alkaloids bearing a hydroxyl group at position C(7) of the main βC ring were present at concentrations one order of magnitude higher than other βC derivatives investigated. UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy of the flower extracts provided complementary information regarding other biologically relevant groups of chromophores (phenolic/indolic derivatives, flavonoids/carotenes, and chlorophylls). Since flowers are constantly exposed to solar radiation, the presence of photoactive βCs in floral organs may have several (photo)biological implications that are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Ospina-Calvo
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (UNSAM), San Martin, Argentina
| | - Eduardo De Gerónimo
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando D Villarruel
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (UNSAM), San Martin, Argentina
| | - Virgina C Aparicio
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lorena Ashworth
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV, CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Rosa Erra-Balsells
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón II, 3er P, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigación en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pabellón II, 3er P, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Franco M Cabrerizo
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (UNSAM), San Martin, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Denofrio MP, Paredes JM, Yañuk JG, Giron MD, Salto R, Talavera EM, Crovetto L, Cabrerizo FM. Photosensitizing properties and subcellular localisation of 3,4-dihydro-β-carbolines harmaline and harmalol. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2022; 22:487-501. [PMID: 36402936 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00328-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHarmaline (1) and harmalol (2) represent two 3,4-dihydro-β-carboline (DHβCs) most frequently reported in a vast number of living systems. Fundamental aspects including the photosensitizing properties, cellular uptake, as well as the cyto- and phototoxicity of 1 and 2 were investigated herein. The molecular basis underlying the investigated processes are elucidated. Data reveal that both alkaloids show a distinctive pattern of extracellular DNA photodamage. Compound 1 induces a DNA photodamage profile dominated by oxidised purines and sites of base loss (AP sites), whereas 2 mostly induces single-strand breaks (SSBs) in addition to a small extent of purine oxidative damage. In both cases, DNA oxidative damage would occur through type I mechanism. In addition, a concerted hydrolytic attack is suggested as an extra mechanism accounting for the SSBs formation photoinduced by 2. Subcellular internalisation, cyto- and phototoxicity of 1 and 2 and the corresponding full-aromatic derivatives harmine (3) and harmol (4) also showed quite distinctive patterns in a structure-dependent manner. These results are discussed in the framework of the potential biological, biomedical and/or pharmacological roles reported for these alkaloids.
Graphical abstract
The subtle structural difference (i.e., the exchange of a methoxy group for a hydroxyl substituent at C(7)) between harmaline and harmalol, gives rise to distinctive photosensitizing and subcellular localisation patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Paula Denofrio
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8.2, CC 164 (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Argentina.
- Escuela de Bio Y Nanotecnologías (UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina.
| | - Jose M Paredes
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Unidad de Excelencia en Química Aplicada a Biomedicina Y Medioambiente (UEQ), University of Granada, Cartuja Campus, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan G Yañuk
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8.2, CC 164 (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Argentina
- Escuela de Bio Y Nanotecnologías (UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Maria D Giron
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, Unidad de Excelencia en Química Aplicada a Biomedicina Y Medioambiente (UEQ), University of Granada, Cartuja Campus, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Rafael Salto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, Unidad de Excelencia en Química Aplicada a Biomedicina Y Medioambiente (UEQ), University of Granada, Cartuja Campus, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Eva M Talavera
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Unidad de Excelencia en Química Aplicada a Biomedicina Y Medioambiente (UEQ), University of Granada, Cartuja Campus, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Luis Crovetto
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Unidad de Excelencia en Química Aplicada a Biomedicina Y Medioambiente (UEQ), University of Granada, Cartuja Campus, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - Franco M Cabrerizo
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8.2, CC 164 (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Argentina.
- Escuela de Bio Y Nanotecnologías (UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina.
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Denofrio MP, Villarruel FD, Erra-Balsells R, Ogilby PR, Wolcan E, Cabrerizo FM. Spectroscopic and quantum chemical characterization of the ground and lowest electronically excited singlet and triplet states of halo- and nitro-harmines in aqueous media. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:11039-11051. [PMID: 33942840 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00901j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Halogenated and nitro β-carboline (βCs) alkaloids have garnered increasing interest for their role in a broad range of biological, pharmacological and biotechnological processes. Addressing their spectroscopic and photophysical properties provide tools to further explore the presence of these alkaloids in complex biological matrices. In addition, these studies help to elucidate processes where these alkaloids are involved. The UV-visible and steady-state room temperature fluorescence of bromo- and nitro-harmines in an aqueous environment at different pHs, low-temperature phosphorescence (at 77 K) and quantum yields of singlet oxygen production are reported herein. Singlet (S0 and S1) and triplet (T1) electronic states are further analyzed using density functional theory (DFT) and the results compared with experimental data. Data are discussed in the framework of potential biotechnological applications of these βC alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Paula Denofrio
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8.2, CC 164 (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Argentina.
| | - Fernando D Villarruel
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8.2, CC 164 (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Argentina.
| | - Rosa Erra-Balsells
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Pabellón II, 3er P., Ciudad Universitaria, (1428), Buenos Aires, Argentina and CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigación en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pabellón II, 3er P., Ciudad Universitaria, (1428), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Peter R Ogilby
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ezequiel Wolcan
- INIFTA - CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Franco M Cabrerizo
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8.2, CC 164 (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Argentina.
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