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Lizondo-Aranda P, Gustavsson T, Martínez-Fernández L, Improta R, Lhiaubet-Vallet V. The Excited State Dynamics of a Mutagenic Guanosine Etheno Adduct Investigated by Femtosecond Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Quantum Mechanical Calculations. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401835. [PMID: 38869969 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Femtosecond fluorescence upconversion experiments were combined with CASPT2 and time dependent DFT calculations to characterize the excited state dynamics of the mutagenic etheno adduct 1,N2-etheno-2'-deoxyguanosine (ϵdG). This endogenously formed lesion is attracting great interest because of its ubiquity in human tissues and its highly mutagenic properties. The ϵdG fluorescence is strongly modified with respect to that of the canonical nucleoside dG, notably by an about 6-fold increase in fluorescence lifetime and quantum yield at neutral pH. In addition, femtosecond fluorescence upconversion experiments reveal the presence of two emission bands with maxima at 335 nm for the shorter-lived and 425 nm for the longer-lived. Quantum mechanical calculations rationalize these findings and provide absorption and fluorescence spectral shapes similar to the experimental ones. Two different bright minima are located on the potential energy surface of the lowest energy singlet excited state. One planar minimum, slightly more stable, is associated with the emission at 335 nm, whereas the other one, with a bent etheno ring, is associated with the red-shifted emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Lizondo-Aranda
- Instituto Universitario Mixto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda de los Naranjos s/n, Valencia, 46022, Spain
| | | | - Lara Martínez-Fernández
- Departamento de Química Física de Materiales, Instituto de Química Física Blas Cabrera, IQF-CSIC, Calle Serrano 119, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Improta
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via De Amicis 95, I-80145, Napoli, Italy
| | - Virginie Lhiaubet-Vallet
- Instituto Universitario Mixto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda de los Naranjos s/n, Valencia, 46022, Spain
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2
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Schrödter M, Wagenknecht HA. Natural Epigenetic DNA Modifications Cause Remote DNA Photodamage. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39037865 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
5-Formyl-2'-deoxycytidine, an intermediate during the erasure of epigenetic marker 5-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine, and 5-formyl-2'-deoxyuridine, an oxidative lesion of thymidine, are naturally occurring DNA modifications. The carbonyl groups of these DNA modifications are the smallest possible photosensitizers and have the potential to generate cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers upon irradiation with UV light. To evidence this damaging potential, ternary DNA architectures were used, in which the photosensitizer and the damage site were located at well-defined positions in the sequences. The quantitative and time-dependent analysis revealed not only the high photodamaging potential of both natural DNA modifications but also the mechanisms for this new pathway to photodamage. 5-Formyl-2'-deoxycytidine is more efficiently generating cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers than 5-formyl-2'-deoxyuridine because the latter is also photochemically converted to 5-carboxy-2'-deoxyuridine. This demonstrates for the first time that epigenetic DNA modifications regulating gene expression interact with sunlight and can induce DNA photodamages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Schrödter
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hans-Achim Wagenknecht
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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3
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Abdelgawwad AMA, Roca-Sanjuán D, Francés-Monerris A. Electronic spectroscopy of gemcitabine and derivatives for possible dual-action photodynamic therapy applications. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:224106. [PMID: 38078522 DOI: 10.1063/5.0170949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we explore the molecular basis of combining photodynamic therapy (PDT), a light-triggered targeted anticancer therapy, with the traditional chemotherapeutic properties of the well-known cytotoxic agent gemcitabine. A photosensitizer prerequisite is significant absorption of biocompatible light in the visible/near IR range, ideally between 600 and 1000 nm. We use highly accurate multiconfigurational CASSCF/MS-CASPT2/MM and TD-DFT methodologies to determine the absorption properties of a series of gemcitabine derivatives with the goal of red-shifting the UV absorption band toward the visible region and facilitating triplet state population. The choice of the substitutions and, thus, the rational design is based on important biochemical criteria and on derivatives whose synthesis is reported in the literature. The modifications tackled in this paper consist of: (i) substitution of the oxygen atom at O2 position with heavier atoms (O → S and O → Se) to red shift the absorption band and increase the spin-orbit coupling, (ii) addition of a lipophilic chain at the N7 position to enhance transport into cancer cells and slow down gemcitabine metabolism, and (iii) attachment of aromatic systems at C5 position to enhance red shift further. Results indicate that the combination of these three chemical modifications markedly shifts the absorption spectrum toward the 500 nm region and beyond and drastically increases spin-orbit coupling values, two key PDT requirements. The obtained theoretical predictions encourage biological studies to further develop this anticancer approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Roca-Sanjuán
- Institut de Ciència Molecular, Universitat de València, 46071 València, Spain
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4
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Fraix A, Parisi C, Longobardi G, Conte C, Pastore A, Stornaiuolo M, Graziano ACE, Alberto ME, Francés-Monerris A, Quaglia F, Sortino S. Red-Light-Photosensitized NO Release and Its Monitoring in Cancer Cells with Biodegradable Polymeric Nanoparticles. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:3887-3897. [PMID: 37467426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The role of nitric oxide (NO) as an "unconventional" therapeutic and the strict dependence of biological effects on its concentration require the generation of NO with precise spatiotemporal control. The development of precursors and strategies to activate NO release by excitation in the so-called "therapeutic window" with highly biocompatible and tissue-penetrating red light is desirable and challenging. Herein, we demonstrate that one-photon red-light excitation of Verteporfin, a clinically approved photosensitizer (PS) for photodynamic therapy, activates NO release, in a catalytic fashion, from an otherwise blue-light activatable NO photodonor (NOPD) with an improvement of about 300 nm toward longer and more biocompatible wavelengths. Steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic and photochemical studies combined with theoretical calculations account for an NO photorelease photosensitized by the lowest triplet state of the PS. In view of biological applications, the water-insoluble PS and NOPD have been co-entrapped within water-dispersible, biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) of mPEG-b-PCL (about 84 nm in diameter), where the red-light activation of NO release takes place even more effectively than in an organic solvent solution and almost independently by the presence of oxygen. Moreover, the ideal spectroscopic prerequisites and the restricted environment of the NPs permit the green-fluorescent co-product formed concomitantly to NO photorelease to communicate with the PS via Förster resonance energy transfer. This leads to an enhancement of the typical red emission of the PS offering the possibility of a double color optical reporter useful for the real-time monitoring of the NO release through fluorescence techniques. The suitability of this strategy applied to the polymeric NPs as potential nanotherapeutics was evaluated through biological tests performed by using HepG2 hepatocarcinoma and A375 melanoma cancer cell lines. Fluorescence investigation in cells and cell viability experiments demonstrates the occurrence of the NO release under one-photon red-light illumination also in the biological environment. This confirms that the adopted strategy provides a valuable tool for generating NO from an already available NOPD, otherwise activatable with the poorly biocompatible blue light, without requiring any chemical modification and the use of sophisticated irradiation sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Fraix
- PhotoChemLab, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Cristina Parisi
- PhotoChemLab, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Longobardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, I-80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudia Conte
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, I-80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Arianna Pastore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, I-80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Mariano Stornaiuolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, I-80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Adriana C E Graziano
- PhotoChemLab, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Marta E Alberto
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende I-87036, Italy
| | | | - Fabiana Quaglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, I-80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Salvatore Sortino
- PhotoChemLab, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy
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5
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Negishi T, Xing F, Koike R, Iwasaki M, Wakasugi M, Matsunaga T. UVA causes specific mutagenic DNA damage through ROS production, rather than CPD formation, in Drosophila larvae. MUTATION RESEARCH/GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2023; 887:503616. [PMID: 37003653 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2023.503616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Evidence is accumulating that ultraviolet A (UVA) plays an important role in photo-carcinogenesis. However, the types of DNA damage involved in the resulting mutations remain unclear. Previously, using Drosophila, we found that UVA from light-emitting diode (LED-UVA) induces double-strand breaks in DNA through oxidative damage in an oxidative damage-sensitive (urate-null) strain. Recently, it was proposed that cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs), which also are induced by UVA irradiation, might play a significant role in the induction of mutations. In the present study, we investigated whether reactive oxygen species (ROS) and CPDs are produced in larval bodies following LED-UVA irradiation. In addition, we assessed the somatic cell mutation rate in urate-null Drosophila induced by monochromatic UVA irradiation. The production of ROS through LED-UVA irradiation was markedly higher in the urate-null strain than in the wild-type Drosophila. CPDs were detected in the DNA of both of UVA- and UVB-irradiated larvae. The level of CPDs was unexpectedly higher in the wild-type strain than in urate-null flies following UVA irradiation, whereas this parameter was expectedly similar between the urate-null and wild-type Drosophila following UVB irradiation. The somatic cell mutation rate induced by UVA irradiation was higher in the urate-null strain than in the wild-type strain. These results suggest that mutations induced by UVA-specific pathways occur through ROS production, rather than via CPD formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoe Negishi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Fang Xing
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Ryota Koike
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Manami Iwasaki
- Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Wakasugi
- Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Matsunaga
- Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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6
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Lizondo-Aranda P, Martínez-Fernández L, Miranda MA, Improta R, Gustavsson T, Lhiaubet-Vallet V. The Excited State Dynamics of a Mutagenic Cytidine Etheno Adduct Investigated by Combining Time-Resolved Spectroscopy and Quantum Mechanical Calculations. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:251-257. [PMID: 34968067 PMCID: PMC9135321 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Joint femtosecond fluorescence upconversion experiments and theoretical calculations provide a hitherto unattained degree of characterization and understanding of the mutagenic etheno adduct 3,N4-etheno-2'-deoxycytidine (εdC) excited state relaxation. This endogenously formed lesion is attracting great interest because of its ubiquity in human tissues and its highly mutagenic properties. The εdC fluorescence is modified with respect to that of the canonical base dC, with a 3-fold increased lifetime and quantum yield at neutral pH. This behavior is amplified upon protonation of the etheno ring (εdCH+). Quantum mechanical calculations show that the lowest energy state ππ*1 is responsible for the fluorescence and that the main nonradiative decay pathway to the ground state goes through an ethene-like conical intersection, involving the out-of-plane motion of the C5 and C6 substituents. This conical intersection is lower in energy than the ππ* state (ππ*1) minimum, but a sizable energy barrier explains the increase of εdC and εdCH+ fluorescence lifetimes with respect to that of dC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Lizondo-Aranda
- Instituto
Universitario Mixto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Lara Martínez-Fernández
- Departamento
de Química, Facultad de Ciencias and IADCHEM (Institute for
Advanced Research in Chemistry) Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Miranda
- Instituto
Universitario Mixto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Roberto Improta
- Istituto
di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, I-80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Thomas Gustavsson
- Université
Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, LIDYL, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Virginie Lhiaubet-Vallet
- Instituto
Universitario Mixto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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7
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Losantos R, Pasc A, Monari A. Don't help them to bury the light. The interplay between intersystem crossing and hydrogen transfer in photoexcited curcumin revealed by surface-hopping dynamics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:24757-24764. [PMID: 34713880 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03617c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin is a natural compound extracted from turmeric (Curcuma longa), which has shown remarkable anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and possibly anticancer properties. The intense absorption in the visible domain and the possibility of intersystem crossing make curcumin attractive also for photodynamic therapy purposes. In the present contribution, we unravel, thanks to non-adiabatic surface hopping dynamics, the interplay between intersystem crossing and hydrogen transfer in the enol form, i.e. the most stable tautomer of curcumin. Most notably, we show that while hydrogen transfer is ultrafast and happens in the sub-ps regime, intersystem crossing is still present, as shown by the non-negligible population of the triplet state manifold after 2 ps. Hence, while the hydrogen transfer channel can act as a deactivating channel, curcumin, also in the red-shifted absorption enol form, can still be regarded as potentially favorable for photodynamic therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Losantos
- Université de Lorraine and CNRS, UMR 7019 LPCT, F-54000 Nancy, France. .,Université de Lorraine and CNRS, UMR 7053 L2CM, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Andreea Pasc
- Université de Lorraine and CNRS, UMR 7053 L2CM, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Antonio Monari
- Université de Lorraine and CNRS, UMR 7019 LPCT, F-54000 Nancy, France. .,Université de Paris and CNRS, Itodys, F-75006 Paris, France
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8
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Wang X, Martínez-Fernández L, Zhang Y, Zhang K, Improta R, Kohler B, Xu J, Chen J. Solvent-Dependent Stabilization of a Charge Transfer State is the Key to Ultrafast Triplet State Formation in an Epigenetic DNA Nucleoside. Chemistry 2021; 27:10932-10940. [PMID: 33860588 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
2'-Deoxy-5-formylcytidine (5fdCyd), a naturally occurring nucleoside found in mammalian DNA and mitochondrial RNA, exhibits important epigenetic functionality in biological processes. Because it efficiently generates triplet excited states, it is an endogenous photosensitizer capable of damaging DNA, but the intersystem crossing (ISC) mechanism responsible for ultrafast triplet state generation is poorly understood. In this study, time-resolved mid-IR spectroscopy and quantum mechanical calculations reveal the distinct ultrafast ISC mechanisms of 5fdCyd in water versus acetonitrile. Our experiment indicates that in water, ISC to triplet states occurs within 1 ps after 285 nm excitation. PCM-TD-DFT computations suggest that this ultrafast ISC is mediated by a singlet state with significant cytosine-to-formyl charge-transfer (CT) character. In contrast, ISC in acetonitrile proceeds via a dark 1 nπ* state with a lifetime of ∼3 ps. CT-induced ISC is not favored in acetonitrile because reaching the minimum of the gateway CT state is hampered by intramolecular hydrogen bonding, which enforces planarity between the aldehyde group and the aromatic group. Our study provides a comprehensive picture of the non-radiative decay of 5fdCyd in solution and new insights into the factors governing ISC in biomolecules. We propose that the intramolecular CT state observed here is a key to the excited-state dynamics of epigenetic nucleosides with modified exocyclic functional groups, paving the way to study their effects in DNA strands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Lara Martínez-Fernández
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias and Institute for Advanced Research in Chemistry (IADCHEM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yuyuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - Kun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Roberto Improta
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134, Napoli, Italy
| | - Bern Kohler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - Jianhua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Jinquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, P. R. China
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Baptista MS, Cadet J, Greer A, Thomas AH. Photosensitization Reactions of Biomolecules: Definition, Targets and Mechanisms. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 97:1456-1483. [PMID: 34133762 DOI: 10.1111/php.13470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Photosensitization reactions have been demonstrated to be largely responsible for the deleterious biological effects of UV and visible radiation, as well as for the curative actions of photomedicine. A large number of endogenous and exogenous photosensitizers, biological targets and mechanisms have been reported in the past few decades. Evolving from the original definitions of the type I and type II photosensitized oxidations, we now provide physicochemical frameworks, classifications and key examples of these mechanisms in order to organize, interpret and understand the vast information available in the literature and the new reports, which are in vigorous growth. This review surveys in an extended manner all identified photosensitization mechanisms of the major biomolecule groups such as nucleic acids, proteins, lipids bridging the gap with the subsequent biological processes. Also described are the effects of photosensitization in cells in which UVA and UVB irradiation triggers enzyme activation with the subsequent delayed generation of superoxide anion radical and nitric oxide. Definitions of photosensitized reactions are identified in biomolecules with key insights into cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean Cadet
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et de Radiobiologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Alexander Greer
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, NY, USA.,Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrés H Thomas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), CCT La Plata-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
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