1
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Gregory KP, Wanless EJ, Webber GB, Craig VSJ, Page AJ. A first-principles alternative to empirical solvent parameters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:20750-20759. [PMID: 38988220 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01975j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The use of solvents is ubiquitous in chemistry. Empirical parameters, such as the Kamlet-Taft parameters and Gutmann donor/acceptor numbers, have long been used to predict and quantify the effects solvents have on chemical phenomena. Collectively however, such parameters are unsatisfactory, since each describes ultimately the same non-covalent solute-solvent and solute-solute interactions in completely disparate ways. Here we hypothesise that empirical solvent parameters are essentially proxy measures of the electrostatic terms that dominate solvent-solute interactions. On the basis of this hypothesis, we develop a new fundamental descriptor of these interactions, , and show that it is a self-consistent, probe-free, first principles alternative to established empirical solvent parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasimir P Gregory
- Discipline of Chemistry, College of Engineering, Science & Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia.
- Research School of Materials Physics, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, ACT 0200, Australia
- Division of Biomedical Science and Biochemistry, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Erica J Wanless
- Discipline of Chemistry, College of Engineering, Science & Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia.
| | - Grant B Webber
- Discipline of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Science & Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia
| | - Vincent S J Craig
- Research School of Materials Physics, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Alister J Page
- Discipline of Chemistry, College of Engineering, Science & Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia.
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2
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Smith GJ, Koutsoukos S, Lancaster B, Becker J, Welton T, Hunt PA. Unravelling ionic liquid solvent effects for a non-polar Cope rearrangement reaction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:12453-12466. [PMID: 38625536 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00156g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The impact of ionic liquids (ILs) on polar reactions is well recognised, however the impact of ILs on non-polar reactions is less well understood or explored. Pericyclic Cope rearrangements are highly concerted, exhibit minimal charge localisation and pass through an uncharged but well-defined transition state, and thus provide a good mechanism for exploring the impact of IL polarizability on chemical reactivity. Recently, a 10× rate enhancement has been observed for the Cope rearrangement of 3-phenyl-1,5-hexadiene in the IL 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide [C4C1im][NTf2] compared to benzene. In this work we undertake a DFT based computational study (B3LYP-D3BJ/6-311+G(d,p) and M06-2X-D3/6-311+G(d,p)) of the Cope rearrangement of 3-phenyl-1,5-hexadiene and 3-propyl-hexa-1,5-diene in molecular solvents (acetonitrile, benzene and ethanol) and the IL [C4C1im][NTf2] using the SMD solvation model. The impact of benzene and [C4C1im][NTf2] on the Cope rearrangement of 3-phenyl-1,5-hexadiene is studied in more detail and we provide insight into the reason for the rate enhancement in an IL. The volume of activation is evaluated and the potential impact of 'solvent pressure' is discussed. We identify two potential mechanisms for volume effects to contribute to the rate enhancement. Solvent association energies are evaluated at the DLNPO-CCSD(T) level. Specific solvent interactions are explored through atomic partial charge, molecular orbital and bond critical point analysis, as well as via non-colvalent interaction (NCI) plots, electrostatic potential (ESP) differences and density difference Δρ(r) plots. We find that the cation and anion together form an extensive van der Waals pocket in-which the transition state (TS) sits. Electron density within the TS is anisotropically polarised via a 'push-pull' effect due to the dual cation-anion nature of the IL, stabilising the TS relative to benzene. We also provide experimental evidence that these effects are generalisable to other ILs. Overall, our aim is to provide a deeper moleuclar level understanding of the impact of ILs on non-polar reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin J Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, UK
| | | | - Ben Lancaster
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Julian Becker
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Tom Welton
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Patricia A Hunt
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, UK
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand.
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3
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Nunes N, Elvas-Leitão R, Martins F. Study of the Ternary Mixture of Methanol/Formamide/Acetonitrile via Solvatochromic Probes. Molecules 2024; 29:246. [PMID: 38202829 PMCID: PMC10780662 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Following previous studies, the ternary mixture of methanol/formamide/acetonitrile (MeOH/Formamide/MeCN) was studied using the UV-Vis absorption spectra at 298.15 K with a set of five probes, 4-nitroaniline, 4-nitroanisole, 4-nitrophenol, N,N-dimethyl-4-nitroaniline and 2,6-diphenyl-4-(2,4,6-triphenyl-1-pyridinio)phenolate (Reichardt betaine dye), for a total of 22 mole ternary fractions. In addition, nine mole fractions of the underling binary mixtures, MeOH/Formamide and Formamide/MeCN were also tested. Spectroscopic results were used to model the preferential solvation order for each probe in the mixtures. The Kamlet-Taft solvatochromic solvent parameters, α, β, and π*, were also computed through the use of the solvatochromic shifts of the five probe indicators. Moreover, discrepancies in the spectroscopic behavior of 4-nitrophenol in formamide-rich mixtures were observed and analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Nunes
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Rua Conselheiro Emídio Navarro, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ruben Elvas-Leitão
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Rua Conselheiro Emídio Navarro, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filomena Martins
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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4
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Wysokowski M, Luu RK, Arevalo S, Khare E, Stachowiak W, Niemczak M, Jesionowski T, Buehler MJ. Untapped Potential of Deep Eutectic Solvents for the Synthesis of Bioinspired Inorganic-Organic Materials. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2023; 35:7878-7903. [PMID: 37840775 PMCID: PMC10568971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c00847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) in 2003, significant progress has been made in the field, specifically advancing aspects of their preparation and physicochemical characterization. Their low-cost and unique tailored properties are reasons for their growing importance as a sustainable medium for the resource-efficient processing and synthesis of advanced materials. In this paper, the significance of these designer solvents and their beneficial features, in particular with respect to biomimetic materials chemistry, is discussed. Finally, this article explores the unrealized potential and advantageous aspects of DESs, focusing on the development of biomineralization-inspired hybrid materials. It is anticipated that this article can stimulate new concepts and advances providing a reference for breaking down the multidisciplinary borders in the field of bioinspired materials chemistry, especially at the nexus of computation and experiment, and to develop a rigorous materials-by-design paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Wysokowski
- Institute
of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60965 Poznan, Poland
- Laboratory
for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics (LAMM), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Rachel K. Luu
- Laboratory
for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics (LAMM), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sofia Arevalo
- Laboratory
for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics (LAMM), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Eesha Khare
- Laboratory
for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics (LAMM), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Witold Stachowiak
- Institute
of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Michał Niemczak
- Institute
of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Teofil Jesionowski
- Institute
of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Markus J. Buehler
- Laboratory
for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics (LAMM), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Center
for Computational Science and Engineering, Schwarzman College of Computing, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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5
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Min Y, Woo MW, Dai R, Yang NQ, Dang X, Liu W, Chen H. The role of urea on the dissolution of starch in NaOH-urea aqueous solutions. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:3496-3509. [PMID: 37140096 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01659a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Potato starch can be dissolved in NaOH-urea aqueous solutions to form a stable and homogeneous mixture to initiate further modification. The mechanism for the formation of such a solution was investigated by examining the interactions between urea and starch, using rheological tests, 13C NMR, FTIR, and a novel Kamlet-Taft solvation parameter analysis. It was found that the optimized dissolution condition was in aqueous 10% w/w NaOH-14% w/w urea, under which 97.4% light transmission was achieved. This was due to dispersive forces between urea and starch without the presence of strong hydrogen bond based interactions. DSC results further showed that the subtle dissolving facilitation of urea might be attributed to the heat released during urea hydrate formation. Compared with conventional hydrothermal gelatinized starch, the starch-NaOH-urea aqueous dispersion exhibited better stability. This highlighted the role of urea in forming a 'bridge' to combine starch with water molecules. This reduces the tendency for starch aggregation via its hydrophobic components. Intrinsic viscosity and GPC analysis indicated that the degradation of starch molecules was significantly reduced. This work provides new insights into the role of urea in starch-NaOH-urea aqueous dispersion. This type of starch solvent formulation will have significant potential for further preparation of starch-based materials for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Min
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Meng Wai Woo
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rui Dai
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Nima Qu Yang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xugang Dang
- College of Bioresources Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Wentao Liu
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610065, China
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6
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Strehmel V, Kaestner PI, Strehmel B. Synthesis and photoinitiated polymerization of new ionic liquid methacrylates. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Strehmel
- Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry and Faculty of Chemistry Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences Krefeld Germany
| | - Pia Isabel Kaestner
- Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry and Faculty of Chemistry Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences Krefeld Germany
| | - Bernd Strehmel
- Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry and Faculty of Chemistry Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences Krefeld Germany
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7
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Baco S, Klinksiek M, Ismail Bedawi Zakaria R, Antonia Garcia-Hernandez E, Mignot M, Legros J, Held C, Casson Moreno V, Leveneur S. Solvent effect investigation on the acid-catalyzed esterification of levulinic acid by ethanol aided by a Linear Solvation Energy Relationship. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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8
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Spange S, Weiß N, Mayerhöfer TG. The Global Polarity of Alcoholic Solvents and Water - Importance of the Collectively Acting Factors Density, Refractive Index and Hydrogen Bonding Forces. ChemistryOpen 2022; 11:e202200140. [PMID: 36284211 PMCID: PMC9596611 DOI: 10.1002/open.202200140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The DHBD quantity represents the hydroxyl group density of alcoholic solvents or water. DHBD is purely physically defined by the product of molar concentration of the solvent (N) and the factor Σn=n×f which reflects the number n and position (f-factor) of the alcoholic OH groups per molecule. Whether the hydroxyl group is either primary, secondary or tertiary is taken into account by f. Σn is clearly linearly correlated with the physical density or the refractive index of the alcohol derivative. Relationships of solvent-dependent UV/Vis absorption energies as ET (30) values, 129 Xe NMR shifts and kinetic data of 2-chloro-2-methylpropane solvolysis with DHBD are demonstrated. It can be shown that the ET (30) solvent parameter reflects the global polarity of the hydrogen bond network rather than specific H-bond acidity. Significant correlations of the log k1 rate constants of the solvolysis reaction of 2-chloro-2-methylpropane with DHBD show the physical reasoning of the approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Spange
- Institute of ChemistryChemnitz University of TechnologyStraße der Nationen 6209111ChemnitzGermany
| | - Nadine Weiß
- Institute of ChemistryChemnitz University of TechnologyStraße der Nationen 6209111ChemnitzGermany
| | - Thomas G. Mayerhöfer
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic TechnologyAlbert-Einstein-Straße 907745JenaGermany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of PhotonicsFriedrich Schiller UniversityHelmholtzweg 4Jena07743Germany
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9
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Livi S, Baudoux J, Gérard JF, Duchet-Rumeau J. Ionic Liquids: A Versatile Platform for the Design of a Multifunctional Epoxy Networks 2.0 Generation. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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10
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Blaga AC, Tucaliuc A, Kloetzer L. Applications of Ionic Liquids in Carboxylic Acids Separation. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:771. [PMID: 36005686 PMCID: PMC9414664 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12080771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are considered a green viable organic solvent substitute for use in the extraction and purification of biosynthetic products (derived from biomass-solid/liquid extraction, or obtained through fermentation-liquid/liquid extraction). In this review, we analyzed the ionic liquids (greener alternative for volatile organic media in chemical separation processes) as solvents for extraction (physical and reactive) and pertraction (extraction and transport through liquid membranes) in the downstream part of organic acids production, focusing on current advances and future trends of ILs in the fields of promoting environmentally friendly products separation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandra Tucaliuc
- “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, D. Mangeron 73, 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Lenuta Kloetzer
- “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, D. Mangeron 73, 700050 Iasi, Romania
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11
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A New Compartmentalized Scale ( PN) for Measuring Polarity Applied to Novel Ether-Functionalized Amino Acid Ionic Liquids. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103231. [PMID: 35630707 PMCID: PMC9144623 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Functionalized and environmentally friendly ionic liquids are required in many fields, but convenient methods for measuring their polarity are lacking. Two novel ether-functionalized amino acid ionic liquids, 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium alanine ([C1OC2mim][Ala]) and 1-(2-ethoxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium alanine ([C2OC2mim][Ala]), were synthesized by a neutralization method and their structures confirmed by NMR spectroscopy. Density, surface tension, and refractive index were determined using the standard addition method. The strength of intermolecular interactions within these ionic liquids was examined in terms of standard entropy, lattice energy, and association enthalpy. A new polarity scale, PN, is now proposed, which divides polarity into two compartments: the surface and the body of the liquid. Surface tension is predicted via an improved Lorentz-Lorenz equation, and molar surface entropy is used to determine the polarity of the surface. This new PN scale is based on easily measured physicochemical parameters, is validated against alternative polarity scales, and is applicable to both ionic and molecular liquids.
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12
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Hamada S, Mochida T. Thermal Properties and Solvent Polarities of Mixed-Valence Ionic Liquids Containing Cationic Biferrocenylene Derivatives. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:8160-8167. [PMID: 35559612 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) containing cationic mixed-valence biferrocenylene derivatives were synthesized with an octanoyl or octyl substituent in each cation. Their melting points ranged between 25 and 39 °C, and the octanoyl derivatives exhibited higher melting points than the octyl derivatives. In addition, each IL exhibited a glass transition in the temperature ranging from -66 to -45 °C after melting. Their melting points were ∼10 °C higher than those of mononuclear octamethylferrocenium salts bearing the same substituents. The solvent polarity (ETN) and Kamlet-Taft parameters (π*, α, and β) of these dinuclear and mononuclear ILs were then examined. The dinuclear ILs bearing octanoyl substituents exhibited significant increases in ETN and π* and a decrease in α with the decreasing temperature, whereas the other ILs exhibited a significantly less pronounced temperature dependence. Finally, the intervalence charge-transfer (or charge-resonance) bands of the octanoyl dinuclear ILs exhibited red shifts with the decreasing temperature, which can be regarded as self-thermosolvatochromism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Hamada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Mochida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Hyogo, Japan.,Research Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Hyogo, Japan
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14
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Weiß N, Thielemann G, Nagel K, Schmidt CH, Seifert A, Kaßner L, Strehmel V, Corzilius B, Schröder C, Spange S. The influence of the cation structure on the basicity-related polarity of ionic liquids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:26750-26760. [PMID: 34846390 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03986e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
UV/Vis absorption data of (E)-4-(2-[5-{4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane-2-yl}thiene-2-yl]vinyl)-2-(dicyano-methylene)-3-cyano-5,5-dimethyl-2,5-dihydrofuran (ThTCF) as a solvatochromic probe is applied to examine the anion coordination strength (e.g. of N(CN)2, BF4, PF6, N(Tf)2, CF3COO) as a function of the cation structure of ionic liquids. Several 1-n-alky-3-methylimidazolium- and tetraalkylammonium CH3-NR3+-based ILs with different n-alkyl chain lengths (R = -C4H9, -C6H11, -C8H17, -C10H21) are considered. UV/Vis absorption data of ThTCF show subtle correlations with hydrogen bond accepting (HBA) ability-related measurands such as Kamlet-Taft β, Freire's EHB, and Laurence β1 parameter as a function of anion and cation structure. The different influence of the n-alkyl chain length of imidazolium- and tetraalkylammonium-based ILs on the dipolarity and HBA strength is confirmed by comparison with the 14N isotropic hyperfine coupling constants (Aiso) of a positively (CATI) and negatively charged spin probe (TSKCr) of TEMPO-type [(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl] and quantum chemically derived dipoles of the cations. The Aiso values correlate with the absorption energy of ThTCF and EHB, but in different ways depending on the anion or charge of the spin probe. In a final discussion of the β, EHB, and β1 scales in relation to ThTCF, the importance of the molar concentration N of ionic liquids for the physical significance of the respective parameters is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Weiß
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany.
| | - Gabi Thielemann
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany.
| | - Kevin Nagel
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany.
| | - Caroline H Schmidt
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany.
| | - Andreas Seifert
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany.
| | - Lysann Kaßner
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany.
| | - Veronika Strehmel
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry and Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Hochschule Niederrhein, University of Applied Sciences, Adlerstraße 32, 47798 Krefeld, Germany.
| | - Björn Corzilius
- Institute of Chemistry, University Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Christian Schröder
- Institute of Computational Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Stefan Spange
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany.
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15
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Yuan YF, Zhang JM, Zhang BQ, Liu JJ, Zhou Y, Du MX, Han LX, Xu KJ, Qiao X, Liu CY. Polymer solubility in ionic liquids: dominated by hydrogen bonding. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:21893-21900. [PMID: 34558588 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03193g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polymer solubility in ionic liquids (ILs) cannot be predicted by the solubility parameter approach based on the "like dissolves like" principle. According to the Kamlet-Abraham-Taft (KAT) multi-parameter polarity scale, ILs can be categorized on the basis of hydrogen-bond acidity or basicity ones. The experimental observations, that acidic ILs easily dissolve basic polymers and basic ILs dissolve acidic polymers, reflect the complementary nature of hydrogen-bonding interactions. A quantitative hydrogen-bonding analysis is proposed for predicting the solubility by taking the product of ΔαΔβ as an indicator of the competition between cross-association and self-association hydrogen bonding (H-bonding), where Δα is the difference of acidity parameters between the polymer and IL, and Δβ is the difference of basicity. This solubility criterion has been validated by the solubility data of 19 polymers (11 acidic and 8 basic) in 11 ILs (7 acidic and 4 basic). These principles based on KAT parameters can be applied to other systems dominated by hydrogen bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Fei Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jin-Ming Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Bao-Qing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Jia-Jian Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Yan Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ming-Xuan Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lin-Xue Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kuang-Jie Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xin Qiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Chen-Yang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Emerging Green Techniques for the Extraction of Antioxidants from Agri-Food By-Products as Promising Ingredients for the Food Industry. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091417. [PMID: 34573049 PMCID: PMC8471374 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the food industry is heavily involved in searching for green sources of valuable compounds, to be employed as potential food ingredients, to cater to the evolving consumers’ requirements for health-beneficial food ingredients. In this frame, agri-food by-products represent a low-cost source of natural bioactive compounds, including antioxidants. However, to effectively recover these intracellular compounds, it is necessary to reduce the mass transfer resistances represented by the cellular envelope, within which they are localized, to enhance their extractability. To this purpose, emerging extraction technologies, have been proposed, including Supercritical Fluid Extraction, Microwave-Assisted Extraction, Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction, High-Pressure Homogenization, Pulsed Electric Fields, High Voltage Electrical Discharges. These technologies demonstrated to be a sustainable alternative to conventional extraction, showing the potential to increase the extraction yield, decrease the extraction time and solvent consumption. Additionally, in green extraction processes, also the contribution of solvent selection, as well as environmental and economic aspects, represent a key factor. Therefore, this review focused on critically analyzing the main findings on the synergistic effect of low environmental impact technologies and green solvents towards the green extraction of antioxidants from food by-products, by discussing the main associated advantages and drawbacks, and the criteria of selection for process sustainability.
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Liang X, Zhu Y, Qi B, Li S, Luo J, Wan Y. Structure-property-performance relationships of lactic acid-based deep eutectic solvents with different hydrogen bond acceptors for corn stover pretreatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 336:125312. [PMID: 34044243 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Herein, ten types of lactic acid-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) with differently structured hydrogen bond acceptors (HBAs) were used for corn stover pretreatment. Among the tested DESs, those composed of HBAs with short alkyl chain were more effective to remove lignin and xylan, resulting in higher enzymatic digestion of the pretreated solids than their counterparts with long alky chain. Also, functional groups of HBAs demonstrated significant effects on biomass deconstruction. In order to interpret the different pretreatment performance of the tested DESs, Kamlet-Taft solvent polarity parameters of the tested DESs were correlated to their lignocellulose pretreatment performance. It was found that hydrogen bond acidity (Kamlet-Taft α parameter) had strong positive relationships with pretreatment efficacy of the studied DESs. These findings not only clarified the structure-property-performance relationships of the DESs, but also provided novel insights into design and selection of DESs for lignocellulose pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinquan Liang
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Yuan Zhu
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Benkun Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China.
| | - Shiqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jianquan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yinhua Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
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