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Liu K, Shoinkhorova T, You X, Gong X, Zhang X, Chung SH, Ruiz-Martínez J, Gascon J, Dutta Chowdhury A. The synergistic interplay of hierarchy, crystal size, and Ga-promotion in the methanol-to-aromatics process over ZSM-5 zeolites. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:11344-11353. [PMID: 38899920 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00793j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
In the context of advancing social modernization, the projected shortfall in the demand for renewable aromatic hydrocarbons is expected to widen, influenced by industries like high-end materials, pharmaceuticals, and consumer goods. Sustainable methods for aromatic production from alternative sources, particularly the methanol-to-aromatics (MTA) process using zeolite ZSM-5 and associated with the "methanol economy", have garnered widespread attention. To facilitate this transition, our project consolidates conventional strategies that impact aromatics selectivity-such as using hierarchical zeolites, metallic promoters, or altering zeolite physicochemical properties-into a unified study. Our findings demonstrate the beneficial impact of elongated crystal size and heightened zeolite hierarchy on preferential aromatics selectivity, albeit through distinct mechanisms involving the consumption of shorter olefins. While metallic promoters enhance MTA performance, crystal size, and hierarchy remain pivotal in achieving the maximized aromatics selectivity. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of achieving superior aromatics selectivity through physicochemical modifications in zeolite ZSM-5 during MTA catalysis, thereby advancing the field's comprehension of structure-reactivity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, PR China.
| | - Tuiana Shoinkhorova
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Xinyu You
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, PR China.
| | - Xuan Gong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, PR China.
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, PR China.
| | - Sang-Ho Chung
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Javier Ruiz-Martínez
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Jorge Gascon
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia.
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Liu H, Sun F, Xu J, Zhang H, Wu T, Han S, Zhang S, Mo Y, Ling L, Zhang R, Fan M, Wang B. A density functional theory study on the mechanism of toluene from dimethylcyclopentane catalyzed by the [GaH] 2+ active site of Ga-ZSM-5. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:7137-7148. [PMID: 38348666 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04416e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The ONIOM (ωb97xd/6-31G(d,p):pm6) method was used to study the reaction mechanism of dimethylcyclopentane to toluene by the [GaH]2+ active site of Ga-ZSM-5. The results showed that the rate-determining step in the dimethylcyclopentane aromatization process is the ring expansion process. Compared to those of methylcyclopentane to benzene (D. D. Zhang, H. Y. Liu, L. X. Ling, H. R. Zhang, R. G. Zhang, P. Liu and B. J. Wang, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2021, 23, 10988-11003.), the free energy barriers of dimethylcyclopentane to toluene are significantly decreased, indicating that toluene is easier to produce than benzene, which confirmed the experimental results that a higher proportion of toluene than benzene is produced in the MTA process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, Shanxi, P. R. China.
- State Key Laoratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, P. R. China.
| | - Furong Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, Shanxi, P. R. China.
| | - Junzhuo Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, Shanxi, P. R. China.
| | - Hairong Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, Shanxi, P. R. China.
- State Key Laoratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, P. R. China.
| | - Tingting Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, Shanxi, P. R. China.
| | - Shenghua Han
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, Shanxi, P. R. China.
| | - Shijun Zhang
- State Key Laoratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, P. R. China.
| | - Yan Mo
- State Key Laoratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, P. R. China.
| | - Lixia Ling
- State Key Laoratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, P. R. China.
- College of Chemistry Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, P. R. China
| | - Riguang Zhang
- State Key Laoratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, P. R. China.
| | - Maohong Fan
- College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, and School of Energy Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
| | - Baojun Wang
- State Key Laoratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, P. R. China.
- College of Chemistry Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, P. R. China
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Wei J, Yao R, Han Y, Ge Q, Sun J. Towards the development of the emerging process of CO 2 heterogenous hydrogenation into high-value unsaturated heavy hydrocarbons. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:10764-10805. [PMID: 34605829 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00260k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The emerging process of CO2 hydrogenation through heterogenous catalysis into important bulk chemicals provides an alternative strategy for sustainable and low-cost production of valuable chemicals, and brings an important chance for mitigating CO2 emissions. Direct synthesis of the family of unsaturated heavy hydrocarbons such as α-olefins and aromatics via CO2 hydrogenation is more attractive and challenging than the production of short-chain products to modern society, suffering from the difficult control between C-O activation and C-C coupling towards long-chain hydrocarbons. In the past several years, rapid progress has been achieved in the development of efficient catalysts for the process and understanding of their catalytic mechanisms. In this review, we provide a comprehensive, authoritative and critical overview of the substantial progress in the synthesis of α-olefins and aromatics from CO2 hydrogenation via direct and indirect routes. The rational fabrication and design of catalysts, proximity effects of multi-active sites, stability and deactivation of catalysts, reaction mechanisms and reactor design are systematically discussed. Finally, current challenges and potential applications in the development of advanced catalysts, as well as opportunities of next-generation CO2 hydrogenation techniques for carbon neutrality in future are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wei
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Ruwei Yao
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Han
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingjie Ge
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Jian Sun
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
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