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Sakakibara N, Shizuno M, Kanazawa T, Kato K, Yamakata A, Nozawa S, Ito T, Terashima K, Maeda K, Tamaki Y, Ishitani O. Surface-Specific Modification of Graphitic Carbon Nitride by Plasma for Enhanced Durability and Selectivity of Photocatalytic CO 2 Reduction with a Supramolecular Photocatalyst. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:13205-13218. [PMID: 36857173 PMCID: PMC10020964 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic CO2 reduction is in high demand for sustainable energy management. Hybrid photocatalysts combining semiconductors with supramolecular photocatalysts represent a powerful strategy for constructing visible-light-driven CO2 reduction systems with strong oxidation power. Here, we demonstrate the novel effects of plasma surface modification of graphitic carbon nitride (C3N4), which is an organic semiconductor, to achieve better affinity and electron transfer at the interface of a hybrid photocatalyst consisting of C3N4 and a Ru(II)-Ru(II) binuclear complex (RuRu'). This plasma treatment enabled the "surface-specific" introduction of oxygen functional groups via the formation of a carbon layer, which worked as active sites for adsorbing metal-complex molecules with methyl phosphonic-acid anchoring groups onto the plasma-modified surface of C3N4. Upon photocatalytic CO2 reduction with the hybrid under visible-light irradiation, the plasma-surface-modified C3N4 with RuRu' enhanced the durability of HCOOH production by three times compared to that achieved when using a nonmodified system. The high selectivity of HCOOH production against byproduct evolution (H2 and CO) was improved, and the turnover number of HCOOH production based on the RuRu' used reached 50 000, which is the highest among the metal-complex/semiconductor hybrid systems reported thus far. The improved activity is mainly attributed to the promotion of electron transfer from C3N4 to RuRu' under light irradiation via the accumulation of electrons trapped in deep defect sites on the plasma-modified surface of C3N4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noritaka Sakakibara
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute
of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-2 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
- Japan
Society for the Promotion of Science, Kojimachi
Business Center Building, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Shizuno
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute
of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-2 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kanazawa
- Japan
Society for the Promotion of Science, Kojimachi
Business Center Building, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
- Institute
of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Kosaku Kato
- Faculty
of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama
University, 3-1-1, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Akira Yamakata
- Faculty
of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama
University, 3-1-1, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Nozawa
- Institute
of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Tsuyohito Ito
- Department
of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate
School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Kazuo Terashima
- Department
of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate
School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Maeda
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute
of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-2 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tamaki
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute
of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-2 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Osamu Ishitani
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute
of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-2 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
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Inoue K, Sakakibara N, Goto T, Ito T, Shimizu Y, Hakuta Y, Ishikawa K, Hori M, Terashima K. Carbon Layer Formation on Hexagonal Boron Nitride by Plasma Processing in Hydroquinone Aqueous Solution. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:53413-53420. [PMID: 36397203 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c15951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Although hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is a thermally conductive and electrically insulating filler in composite materials, surface modification remains difficult, which limits its dispersibility and functionalization. In this study, carbon layer formation on hBN particles by plasma processing in hydroquinone aqueous solution was investigated as a surface modification technique. Carbon components with features of polymeric hydrogenated amorphous carbon were found to be uniformly distributed on the hydroquinone-aided plasma-modified hBN (HQpBN) particles. Electron spin resonance measurements revealed abundant unpaired electrons in HQpBN, indicating that defects were formed on hBN by plasma processing and that the carbon layer contained dangling bonds. The defects on hBN could help in the attachment of the carbon layer, whereas the dangling bonds could act as reactive sites for further functionalization. The carbon layer on HQpBN was successfully functionalized with isocyanate groups, thus confirming the ability of this carbon layer to facilitate surface modification. These results demonstrate that the carbon layer formed on hBN can provide a designable interface in organic/inorganic composite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Inoue
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba277-8561, Japan
- AIST-UTokyo Advanced Operando-Measurement Technology Open Innovation Laboratory (OPERANDO-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Kashiwa Research Complex II, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba277-8589, Japan
| | - Noritaka Sakakibara
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba277-8561, Japan
- AIST-UTokyo Advanced Operando-Measurement Technology Open Innovation Laboratory (OPERANDO-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Kashiwa Research Complex II, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba277-8589, Japan
| | - Taku Goto
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba277-8561, Japan
- AIST-UTokyo Advanced Operando-Measurement Technology Open Innovation Laboratory (OPERANDO-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Kashiwa Research Complex II, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba277-8589, Japan
| | - Tsuyohito Ito
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba277-8561, Japan
- AIST-UTokyo Advanced Operando-Measurement Technology Open Innovation Laboratory (OPERANDO-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Kashiwa Research Complex II, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba277-8589, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Shimizu
- AIST-UTokyo Advanced Operando-Measurement Technology Open Innovation Laboratory (OPERANDO-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Kashiwa Research Complex II, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba277-8589, Japan
| | - Yukiya Hakuta
- AIST-UTokyo Advanced Operando-Measurement Technology Open Innovation Laboratory (OPERANDO-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Kashiwa Research Complex II, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba277-8589, Japan
| | - Kenji Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Engineering and Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi464-8603, Japan
| | - Masaru Hori
- Graduate School of Engineering and Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi464-8603, Japan
| | - Kazuo Terashima
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba277-8561, Japan
- AIST-UTokyo Advanced Operando-Measurement Technology Open Innovation Laboratory (OPERANDO-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Kashiwa Research Complex II, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba277-8589, Japan
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