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Pilar Del Río M, Villarroya BE, López JA, Geer AM, Lahoz FJ, Ciriano MA, Tejel C. Mixed-Valence Tetrametallic Iridium Chains. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301438. [PMID: 37402228 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Neutral [X-{Ir2 }-{Ir2 }-X] (X=Cl, Br, SCN, I) and dicationic [L-{Ir2 }-{Ir2 }-L]2+ (L=MeCN, Me2 CO) tetrametallic iridium chains made by connecting two dinuclear {Ir2 } units ({Ir2 }=[Ir2 (μ-OPy)2 (CO)4 ], OPy=2-pyridonate) by an iridium-iridium bond are described. The complexes exhibit fractional averaged oxidation states of +1.5 and electronic delocalization along the metallic chain. While the axial ligands do not significantly affect the metal-metal bond lengths, the metallic chain has a significant impact on the iridium-L/X bond distances. The complexes show free rotation around the unsupported iridium-iridium bond in solution, with a low-energy transition state for the chloride chain. The absorption spectra of these complexes show characteristic bands at 438-504 nm, which can be fine-tuned by varying the terminal capping ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pilar Del Río
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, Facultad de Ciencias, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - B Eva Villarroya
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, Facultad de Ciencias, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José A López
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, Facultad de Ciencias, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana M Geer
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, Facultad de Ciencias, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Fernando J Lahoz
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, Facultad de Ciencias, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel A Ciriano
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, Facultad de Ciencias, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Cristina Tejel
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, Facultad de Ciencias, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
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Uemura K, Ikeda Y, Takamori A, Takeyama T, Iwatsuki S. Asymmetrical Platinum and Rhodium Dinuclear Complex Strongly Bound to Filled d z 2 ${{_{{\rm z}{^{2}}}}}$ Complexes by Unbridged Pt-Metal Bonds: Toward Heterometallic-Extended Metal Atom Chains. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202204057. [PMID: 36585834 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202204057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Heterometallic extended metal atom chains (EMACs) aligned with three types of metal were rationally synthesized by forming unbridged metal-metal bonds based on the interactions between highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals at the d z 2 ${{_{{\rm z}{^{2}}}}}$ orbital. These chains form pentanuclear structures aligned as Rh-Pt-M-Pt-Rh with relatively large formation constants of 5.0×1013 M-2 for M=Pt and 6.3×1011 M-2 for M=Pd, while retaining their backbones in solution. In the case of M=Cu, the original Cu(+2) atoms were reduced to Cu(+1) during the synthetic process. Cu(+1) has an unprecedented trigonal bipyramidal coordination geometry. The reported synthesis based on asymmetrical dinuclear complexes provides a guideline for the synthesis of hetero-EMACs to allow several analogs through judicious combinations realized by tuning the number of metal nuclei and metal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Uemura
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yuya Ikeda
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takamori
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Takeyama
- Laboratory for Zero-Carbon Energy Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1N1-32, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Satoshi Iwatsuki
- Department of Chemistry, Konan University, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8501, Japan
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Cheng M, Lee G, Lin T, Liu Y, Chiang M, Chen C, Peng S. Metal replacement in the syntheses of
M
A
M
B
M
C
heterometallic metal‐string complexes:
MPdM
'(dpa)
4
Cl
2
. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202200154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming‐Chuan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
| | - Gene‐Hsiang Lee
- Instrumentation Center, College of Science National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Tien‐Sung Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Chiao Liu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
| | | | - Chun‐hsien Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Shie‐Ming Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
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4
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Uemura K, Aoki Y, Takamori A. Paramagnetic one-dimensional chains containing high-spin manganese atoms showing antiferromagnetic interaction through -Pt-Rh-Rh-Pt- bonds. Dalton Trans 2021; 51:946-957. [PMID: 34928286 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03537a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To exploit the magnetic interactions of multiple metals, a heterometallic one-dimensional (1D) chain containing three kinds of metals, Rh, Pt, and Mn, where [Rh2(O2CCH3)4] and [Pt2Mn(piam)4(NH3)4]2+ (piam = pivalamidate) are connected through unbridged Rh-Pt bonds to form -Rh-Rh-Pt-Mn-Pt- alignments was successfully synthesized. The Mn atoms are tetrahedrally coordinated by four oxygen atoms of the piam ligands, where the coordination geometries form a zigzag 1D chain. Each Mn atom is linked by -Pt-Rh-Rh-Pt-, with a Mn-Mn separation of 13.9 Å. In parent [Pt2Mn(piam)4(NH3)4](PF6)2, Mn adopts two coordination environments, octahedral and tetrahedral, both of which are Mn(+2) high-spin states. In EtOH, [Rh2(O2CCH3)4] selectively binds tetrahedral Mn to afford a 1D chain. Physical analysis of the 1D chain using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that all metals are divalent, indicating five unpaired spin-localized electrons on the Mn atoms. Magnetic susceptibility measurements indicated antiferromagnetic intra-chain interactions between the Mn atoms in the 1D chain, where χT at 300 K was 5.33 cm3 K mol-1 and gradually decreased to 1.65 cm3 K mol-1 at 2 K. Theoretical fitting of the magnetic behavior showed weak exchange coupling (zJ = -0.43 cm-1) between two high-spin Mn(+2) ions through diamagnetic Pt-Rh-Rh-Pt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Uemura
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Aoki
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Takamori
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
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Uemura K, Yasuda E, Sugiyama Y. Improving the Solubility of Hexanuclear Heterometallic Extended Metal Atom Chain Compounds in Nonpolar Solvents by Introducing Alkyl Amine Moieties. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:18487-18503. [PMID: 34308079 PMCID: PMC8296546 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO-LUMO) interaction at the d z 2 orbital between two kinds of metal complex is useful for obtaining heterometallic one-dimensional (1D) chains as well as heterometallic metal string compounds (HMSCs). Platinum dinuclear complexes, [Pt2(piam)2(NH2R)4]X2 (piam = pivalamidate, R = CH3, C2H5, C3H7, or C4H9, X = anion), comprising σ* as HOMO were mixed with [Rh2(O2CCH3)4] comprising σ* as LUMO in solvents to afford single crystals of [{Rh2(O2CCH3)4}{Pt2(piam)2(NH2R)4}2]X4 (2-5). Single-crystal X-ray analyses revealed that 2-5 are hexanuclear complexes that are one-dimensionally aligned as Pt-Pt-Rh-Rh-Pt-Pt with metal-metal bonds, where the alkyl moieties at end Pt atoms obstruct further 1D extension. Complexes 2-5 appear as if they are cut off from an infinite chain [{Rh2(O2CCH3)4}{Pt2(piam)2(NH3)4}2] n (PF6)4n ·6nH2O (1) aligned as -{Pt-Pt-Rh-Rh-Pt-Pt} n -. The diffuse reflectance spectrum of 1 depicts broad shoulder bands, which are not present in the spectra of 2-5, proving that the infinite chain 1 forms a band structure. Compounds 4 and 5 with propyl or butyl moieties at amine ligands, respectively, are soluble in nonpolar solvents, such as CH2Cl2, without the dissociation of their hexanuclear structures. Taking advantage of their solubility, measurement of cyclic voltammetry in CH2Cl2 become possible, which shows the quasi-reversible oxidation and reduction waves at 4: E ox = 0.86 V and E red = 0.69 V and 5: E ox = 0.87 V and E red = 0.53 V.
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Braunstein P, Danopoulos AA. Transition Metal Chain Complexes Supported by Soft Donor Assembling Ligands. Chem Rev 2021; 121:7346-7397. [PMID: 34080835 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry of discrete molecular chains constituted by metals in low oxidation states, displaying metal-metal proximity and stabilized by suitable metal-bridging, assembling ligands comprising at least one soft donor atom is comprehensively reviewed; complexes with a single (hard or soft) bridging atom (e.g., μ-halide, μ-sulfide, or μ-PR2 etc.) as well as "closed" metal arrays (that fall in the realm of cluster chemistry) are excluded. The focus is on transition metal-based systems, with few excursions to cases combining transition and post-transition elements. Most relevant supporting ligands have neutral C, P, O, or S donor (mainly, N-heterocyclic carbene, phosphine, ether, thioether) or anionic donor (mainly phenyl, ylide, silyl, phosphide, thiolate) groups. A supporting-ligand-based classification of the metal chains is introduced, using as the classifying parameter the number of "bites" (i.e., ligand bridges) subtending each intermetallic separation. The ligands are further grouped according to the number of donor atoms interacting with the metal chain (called denticity in the following) and the column of the Periodic Table to which the set of donor atoms belongs (in ascending order). A complementary metal-based compilation of the complexes discussed is also provided in a concise tabular form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Braunstein
- CNRS, Chimie UMR 7177, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Andreas A Danopoulos
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
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Cheng MC, Lee GH, Lin TS, Liu YC, Chiang MH, Peng SM. A new series of heteronuclear metal strings, MRhRh(dpa)4Cl2 and MRhRhM(dpa)4X2, from the reactions of Rh2(dpa)4 with metal ions of group 7 to group 12. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:520-534. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03311a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A new series of trinuclear and tetranuclear HMSCs, MRhRh(dpa)4Cl2 and MRhRhM(dpa)4X2, from the reactions of Rh2(dpa)4 and metal ions were synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chuan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei
- Republic of China
- Institute of Chemistry
| | - Gene-Hsiang Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei
- Republic of China
| | - Tien-Sung Lin
- Department of Chemistry
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei
- Republic of China
| | - Yu-Chiao Liu
- Institute of Chemistry
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei
- Republic of China
| | - Ming-Hsi Chiang
- Institute of Chemistry
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei
- Republic of China
| | - Shie-Ming Peng
- Department of Chemistry
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei
- Republic of China
- Institute of Chemistry
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Seifert TP, Naina VR, Feuerstein TJ, Knöfel ND, Roesky PW. Molecular gold strings: aurophilicity, luminescence and structure-property correlations. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:20065-20088. [PMID: 33001101 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr04748a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This review covers the compound class of one-dimensional gold strings. These compounds feature a formally infinite repetition of gold complexes as monomers/repeating units that are held together by aurophilic interactions, i.e. direct gold-gold contacts. Their molecular structures are primarily determined in the solid state using single crystal X-ray diffraction. The chemical composition of the employed gold complexes is diverse and furthermore plays a key role in terms of structure characteristics and the resulting properties. One of the most common features of gold strings is their photoluminescence upon UV excitation. The emission energy is often dependent on the distance of adjacent gold ions and the electronic structure of the whole string. In terms of gold strings, these parameters can be fine-tuned by external stimuli such as solvent, pH value, pressure or mechanical stress. This leads to direct structure-property correlations, not only with regard to the photophysical properties, but also electric conductivity for potential application in nanoelectronics. Concerning these correlations, gold strings, consisting of self-assembled individual complexes as building blocks, are the ideal compound class to look at, as perturbations by an inhomogeneity in the ligand sphere (such as the end of a molecule) can be neglected. Therefore, the aim of this review is to shed light on the past achievements and current developments in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim P Seifert
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Vanitha R Naina
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Thomas J Feuerstein
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Nicolai D Knöfel
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Peter W Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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