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Aggarwal S, Vu A, Eremin DB, Persaud R, Fokin VV. Arenes participate in 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with in situ-generated diazoalkenes. Nat Chem 2023:10.1038/s41557-023-01188-z. [PMID: 37217789 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01188-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The venerable 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition has been widely used in organic synthesis for the construction of various heterocycles. However, in its century-long history, the simple and omnipresent aromatic phenyl ring has remained a stubbornly unreactive dipolarophile. Here we report 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between aromatic groups and diazoalkenes, generated in situ from lithium acetylides and N-sulfonyl azides. The reaction results in densely functionalized annulated cyclic sulfonamide-indazoles that can be further converted into stable organic molecules that are important in organic synthesis. The involvement of aromatic groups in the 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions broadens the synthetic utility of diazoalkenes, a family of dipoles that have been little explored so far and are otherwise difficult to access. The process described here provides a route for the synthesis of medicinally relevant heterocycles and can be extended to other arene-containing starting materials. Computational examination of the proposed reaction pathway revealed a series of finely orchestrated bond-breaking and bond-forming events that ultimately lead to the annulated products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhangi Aggarwal
- The Bridge@USC, Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Vu
- The Bridge@USC, Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dmitry B Eremin
- The Bridge@USC, Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rudra Persaud
- The Bridge@USC, Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Valery V Fokin
- The Bridge@USC, Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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2
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Ruiz Martínez C, Pérez JM, Arrabal-Campos FM, Rodríguez-Diéguez A, Choquesillo-Lazarte D, Martínez-Lao JA, Ortuño MA, Fernández I. Lithium anthraquinoids as catalysts in the ROP of lactide and caprolactone into cyclic polymers. Polym Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py01076c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
New lithium anthraquinoids 2b–d active in the synthesis of cyclic PLA and cyclic PCL have been synthesized and fully characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Ruiz Martínez
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, Ctra, Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Juana M. Pérez
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, Ctra, Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Francisco M. Arrabal-Campos
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, Ctra, Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Diéguez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Av. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Duane Choquesillo-Lazarte
- Laboratorio de Estudios Cristalográficos IACT, CSIC-UGR, Av. Las Palmeras no. 4, 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan A. Martínez-Lao
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, Ctra, Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Manuel A. Ortuño
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ignacio Fernández
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, Ctra, Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
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3
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Roy MMD, Omaña AA, Wilson ASS, Hill MS, Aldridge S, Rivard E. Molecular Main Group Metal Hydrides. Chem Rev 2021; 121:12784-12965. [PMID: 34450005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This review serves to document advances in the synthesis, versatile bonding, and reactivity of molecular main group metal hydrides within Groups 1, 2, and 12-16. Particular attention will be given to the emerging use of said hydrides in the rapidly expanding field of Main Group element-mediated catalysis. While this review is comprehensive in nature, focus will be given to research appearing in the open literature since 2001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M D Roy
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Alvaro A Omaña
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Andrew S S Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Avon BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Michael S Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Avon BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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Mondal A, Visser P, Doze AM, Buter J, Feringa BL. Pd-catalyzed sp-sp 3 cross-coupling of benzyl bromides using lithium acetylides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7529-7532. [PMID: 34236070 PMCID: PMC8320736 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02762j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Organolithium-based cross-coupling reactions have emerged as an indispensable method to construct C–C bonds. These transformations have proven particularly useful for the direct and fast coupling of various organolithium reagents (sp, sp2, and sp3) with aromatic (pseudo) halides (sp2). Here we present an efficient method for the cross-coupling of benzyl bromides (sp3) with lithium acetylides (sp). The reaction proceeds within 10 min at room temperature and can be performed in the presence of organolithium-sensitive functional groups such as esters, nitriles, amides and boronic esters. The potential application of the methodology is demonstrated in the preparation of key intermediates used in pharmaceuticals, chemical biology and natural products. A fast and highly selective method for cross-coupling of benzyl bromides with lithium acetylides, proceeding at room temperature in 10 min while tolerating various organolithium-sensitive functional groups, is presented.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Mondal
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands.
| | - Paco Visser
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands.
| | - Anna M Doze
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands.
| | - Jeffrey Buter
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands.
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands.
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Gentner TX, Mulvey RE. Alkali-Metal Mediation: Diversity of Applications in Main-Group Organometallic Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:9247-9262. [PMID: 33017511 PMCID: PMC8247348 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Organolithium compounds have been at the forefront of synthetic chemistry for over a century, as they mediate the synthesis of myriads of compounds that are utilised worldwide in academic and industrial settings. For that reason, lithium has always been the most important alkali metal in organometallic chemistry. Today, that importance is being seriously challenged by sodium and potassium, as the alkali-metal mediation of organic reactions in general has started branching off in several new directions. Recent examples covering main-group homogeneous catalysis, stoichiometric organic synthesis, low-valent main-group metal chemistry, polymerization, and green chemistry are showcased in this Review. Since alkali-metal compounds are often not the end products of these applications, their roles are rarely given top billing. Thus, this Review has been written to alert the community to this rising unifying phenomenon of "alkali-metal mediation".
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas X. Gentner
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Robert E. Mulvey
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
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Gentner TX, Mulvey RE. Alkalimetall‐Mediatoren: Vielfältige Anwendungen in der metallorganischen Chemie der Hauptgruppenelemente. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas X. Gentner
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XL Großbritannien
| | - Robert E. Mulvey
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XL Großbritannien
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