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Li HM, Wang MM, Su Y, Fang HB, Su Z. Mitochondria-Targeting Metallodrugs for Cancer Therapy: Perspectives from Cell Death Modes. ChemMedChem 2024:e202400120. [PMID: 38696276 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202400120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria, recognized as the cellular powerhouses, are indispensable organelles responsible for crucial cellular processes, such as energy metabolism, material synthesis, and signaling transduction. Their intricate involvement in a broad spectrum of diseases, particularly cancer, has propelled the exploration of mitochondria-targeting treatment as a promising strategy for cancer therapy. Since the groundbreaking discovery of cisplatin, the trajectory of research on the development of metal complexes have been marked by continuous advancement, giving rise to a diverse array of metallodrugs characterized by variations in ligand types, metal center properties, and oxidation states. By specifically targeting mitochondria, these metallodrugs exhibit the remarkable ability to elicit various programmed cell death pathways, encompassing apoptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis. This review primarily focuses on recent developments in transition metal-based mitochondria-targeting agents, offering a comprehensive exploration of their capacity to induce distinct cell death modes. The aim is not only to disseminate knowledge but also to stimulate an active field of research toward new clinical applications and novel anticancer mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Ming Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Meng Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Applications of Bioresources and Functional Molecules of Jiangsu Province, College of Life Science and Chemistry, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing, 210013, P. R. China
| | - Yan Su
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Bao Fang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Su
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
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Zhang J, Wang J, Li Y, Pan X, Qu J, Zhang J. A patent perspective of antiangiogenic agents. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2023; 33:821-840. [PMID: 38084667 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2023.2294808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Angiogenesis plays a crucial role in the development of numerous vascular structures and is involved in a variety of physiologic and pathologic processes, including psoriasis, diabetic retinopathy, and especially cancer. By obstructing the process of angiogenesis, these therapies effectively inhibit the progression of the disease. Consequently, anti-angiogenic agents were subsequently developed. AREAS COVERED This review provides a comprehensive summary of the anti-angiogenic inhibitors developed in the past five years in terms of chemical structure, biochemical/pharmacological activity and potential clinical applications. A literature search was conducted using utilizing the databases Web of Science, SciFinder and PubMed with the key word 'anti-angiogenic agents' and 'angiogenesis inhibitor.' EXPERT OPINION This is despite the fact that the concept of antiangiogenesis has been proposed for more than 50 years and angiogenesis inhibitors are extensively employed in clinical practice. However, significant challenges continue to confront them. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the number of patents focusing on angiogenesis inhibitors. These patents aim to enhance the selectivity of drugs against VEGF/VEGFR, explore new targets to overcome drug resistance, and explore potential drug combinations, thereby expanding the therapeutic possibilities in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanchen Li
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoyan Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingkun Qu
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Wang ZF, Huang XQ, Wu RC, Xiao Y, Zhang SH. Antitumor studies evaluation of triphenylphosphine ruthenium complexes with 5,7-dihalo-substituted-8-quinolinoline targeting mitophagy pathways. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 248:112361. [PMID: 37659141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Both ruthenium-containing complexes and 8-quinolinoline compounds have emerged as a potential novel agent for malignant tumor therapy. Here, three triphenylphosphine ruthenium complexes, [Ru(ZW1)(PPh3)2Cl2] (PPh3 = triphenylphosphine) (RuZ1), [Ru(ZW2)(PPh3)2Cl2] (RuZ2) and [Ru(ZW2)2(PPh3)Cl2]·CH2Cl2 (RuZ3) bearing 5,7-dichloro-8-quinolinol (H-ZW1) and 5,7-dichloro-8-hydroxyquinaldine (H-ZW2), have been synthesized, characterized and tested for their anticancer potential. We showed that triphenylphosphine ruthenium complexes RuZ1-RuZ3 impaired the cell viability of ovarian adenocarcinoma cisplatin-resistant SK-OV-3/DDP (SKO3CR) and SK-OV-3 (SKO3) cancer cells with greater selectivity and specificity than cisplatin. In addition, RuZ1-RuZ3 show higher excellent cytotoxicity than cisplatin towards SKO3CR cells, with IC50 values of 9.66 ± 1.08, 4.05 ± 0.67 and 7.18 ± 0.40 μM, respectively, in which the SKO3CR cells was the most sensitive to RuZ1-RuZ3. Depending on the substituent type, the antiproliferative ability of RuZ1-RuZ3 followed the trend: -CH3 > -H. However, RuZ1-RuZ3 have no obvious toxicity to normal cell HL-7702. Besides, RuZ1 and RuZ2 could induce mitophagy related-apoptosis pathways through suppression of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), accumulation of [Ca2+] and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and regulation of LC3 II/LC3 I, Beclin-1, P62, FUNDC1, PINK1, Parkin, cleaved-caspase-3, caspase-9 and cytochrome c signaling pathway, and hindering the preparation of mitochondrial respiration complexes I and IV and ATP levels. Mechanistic study revealed that RuZ1 and RuZ2 induce apoptosis in SKO3CR cells via mitophagy related-apoptosis pathways induction and energy (ATP) generation disturbance. Taken together, the studied triphenylphosphine ruthenium complexes RuZ1-RuZ3 are promising chemotherapeutic agents with high effectiveness and low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Feng Wang
- College of Chemistry, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, PR China
| | - Xiao-Qiong Huang
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, PR China
| | - Run-Chun Wu
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, PR China
| | - Yu Xiao
- College of Chemistry, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Shu-Hua Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, PR China.
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Zarewa SA, Binobaid L, Sulaiman AAA, Sobeai HMA, Alotaibi M, Alhoshani A, Isab AA. Synthesis, Characterization, and Anticancer Activity of Phosphanegold(i) Complexes of 3-Thiosemicarbano-butan-2-one Oxime. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2512. [PMID: 37760953 PMCID: PMC10525815 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Four novel phosphanegold(I) complexes of the type [Au(PR3)(DMT)].PF6 (1-4) were synthesized from 3-Thiosemicarbano-butan-2-one oxime ligand (TBO) and precursors [Au(PR3)Cl], (where R = methyl (1), ethyl (2), tert-butyl (3), and phenyl (4)). The resulting complexes were characterized by elemental analyses and melting point as well as various spectroscopic techniques, including FTIR and (1H, 13C, and 31P) NMR spectroscopy. The spectroscopic data confirmed the coordination of TBO ligands to phosphanegold(I) moiety. The solution chemistry of complexes 1-4 indicated their stability in both dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and a mixture of EtOH:H2O (1:1). In vitro cytotoxicity of the complexes was evaluated relative to cisplatin using an MTT assay against three different cancer cell lines: HCT116 (human colon cancer), MDA-MB-231 (human breast cancer), and B16 (murine skin cancer). Complexes 2, 3, and 4 exhibited significant cytotoxic effects against all tested cancer cell lines and showed significantly higher activity than cisplatin. To elucidate the mechanism underlying the cytotoxic effects of the phosphanegold(I) TBO complexes, various assays were employed, including mitochondrial membrane potential, ROS production, and gene expression analyses. The data obtained suggest that complex 2 exerts potent anticancer activity against breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) through the induction of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis. Gene expression analyses showed an increase in the activity of the proapoptotic gene caspase-3 and a reduction in the activity of the antiapoptotic gene BCL-xL, which supported the findings that apoptosis had occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sani A. Zarewa
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Lama Binobaid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (L.B.); (H.M.A.S.); (M.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Adam A. A. Sulaiman
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia;
- Core Research Facilities (CRF), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Homood M. As Sobeai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (L.B.); (H.M.A.S.); (M.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Moureq Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (L.B.); (H.M.A.S.); (M.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Ali Alhoshani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (L.B.); (H.M.A.S.); (M.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Anvarhusein A. Isab
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia;
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
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Zhang Z, Zhang J, Yang T, Li S, Xu G, Liang H, Yang F. Developing an Anticancer Platinum(II) Compound Based on the Uniqueness of Human Serum Albumin. J Med Chem 2023; 66:5669-5684. [PMID: 37071741 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
To develop the next-generation Pt drug with remarkable activity and low toxicity to maximally inhibit tumor growth, we optimized a Pt(II) thiosemicarbazone compound (C4) with remarkable cytotoxicity to SK-N-MC cells and then constructed a new human serum albumin-C4 (HSA-C4) complex delivery system. The in vivo results showed that C4 and the HSA-C4 complex have remarkable therapeutic efficiency and almost no toxicity; they induced apoptosis and inhibited tumor angiogenesis. This system showed potential as a practical Pt drug. This study could pave the way for developing next-generation dual-targeted Pt drugs and achieving their targeting therapy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
| | - Juzheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
| | - Tongfu Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
| | - Shanhe Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
| | - Gang Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
| | - Hong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
| | - Feng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
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Du LQ, Zhang TY, Huang XM, Xu Y, Tan MX, Huang Y, Chen Y, Qin QP. Synthesis and anticancer mechanisms of zinc(II)-8-hydroxyquinoline complexes with 1,10-phenanthroline ancillary ligands. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:4737-4751. [PMID: 36942929 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00150d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Twenty new zinc(II) complexes with 8-hydroxyquinoline (H-Q1-H-Q6) in the presence of 1,10-phenanthroline derivatives (D1-D10) were synthesized and formulated as [Zn(Q1)2(D1)] (DQ1), [Zn(Q2)2(D2)]·CH3OH (DQ2), [Zn(Q1)2(D3)] (DQ3), [Zn(Q1)2(D4)] (DQ4), [Zn(Q3)2(D5)] (DQ5), [Zn(Q3)2(D4)] (DQ6), [Zn(Q4)2(D5)]·CH3OH (DQ7), [Zn(Q4)2(D6)] (DQ8), [Zn(Q4)2(D3)]·CH3OH (DQ9), [Zn(Q4)2(D1)]·H2O (DQ10), [Zn(Q5)2(D4)] (DQ11), [Zn(Q6)2(D6)]·CH3OH (DQ12), [Zn(Q5)2(D2)]·5CH3OH·H2O (DQ13), [Zn(Q5)2(D7)]·CH3OH (DQ14), [Zn(Q5)2(D8)]·CH2Cl2 (DQ15), [Zn(Q5)2(D9)] (DQ16), [Zn(Q5)2(D1)] (DQ17), [Zn(Q5)2(D5)] (DQ18), [Zn(Q5)2(D10)]·CH2Cl2 (DQ19) and [Zn(Q5)2(D3)] (DQ20). They were characterized using multiple techniques. The cytotoxicity of DQ1-DQ20 was screened using human cisplatin-resistant SK-OV-3/DDP ovarian cancer (SK-OV-3CR) cells and normal hepatocyte (HL-7702) cells. Complex DQ6 showed low IC50 values (2.25 ± 0.13 μM) on SK-OV-3CR cells, more than 3.0-8.0 times more cytotoxic than DQ1-DQ5 and DQ7-DQ20 (≥6.78 μM), and even 22.2 times more cytotoxic than the standard cisplatin, the corresponding free H-Q1-H-Q6 and D1-D10 alone (>50 μM). As a comparison, DQ1-DQ20 displayed nontoxic rates against healthy HL-7702 cells. Furthermore, DQ6 and DQ11 induced significant apoptosis via mitophagy pathways. DQ6 also significantly inhibited tumor growth in an in vivo SK-OV-3-xenograft model (ca. 49.7%). Thus, DQ6 may serve as a lead complex for the discovery of new antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Qi Du
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, PR China.
| | - Tian-Yu Zhang
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Mei Huang
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, PR China.
| | - Yue Xu
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, PR China.
| | - Ming-Xiong Tan
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, PR China.
| | - Yan Huang
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, PR China.
| | - Yuan Chen
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, PR China.
| | - Qi-Pin Qin
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, PR China.
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Jiang M, Chu Y, Yang T, Li W, Zhang Z, Sun H, Liang H, Yang F. Developing a Novel Indium(III) Agent Based on Liposomes to Overcome Cisplatin-Induced Resistance in Breast Cancer by Multitargeting the Tumor Microenvironment Components. J Med Chem 2021; 64:14587-14602. [PMID: 34609868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To overcome the resistance of cancer cells to platinum-based drugs and effectively suppress tumor growth, we developed a novel indium (In) agent based on liposomes (Lips). Thus, we not only obtained an In(III) thiosemicarbazone agent (5b) with remarkable cytotoxicity by optimizing a series of In(III) thiosemicarbazone agents (1b-5b) but also successfully constructed a novel 5b-loaded Lip (5b-Lip) delivery system. Importantly, in vitro and in vivo results revealed that 5b/5b-Lip overcame the tumor cell resistance and effectively inhibited MCF-7/DDP tumor growth. In addition, Lips improved the intracellular accumulation of 5b. We also confirmed the mechanism by which 5b/5b-Lip overcomes breast cancer cell resistance. 5b/5b-Lip cannot act against DNA in cancer cells but attacks the two cell components in the tumor microenvironment, namely, by inducing apoptosis and lethal autophagy of cancer cells and resetting tumor-promoting M2 macrophages to the tumor-killing M1 phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China.,School of Food and Biochemical Engineering, Guangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Laibin, Guangxi 546199, China
| | - Yong Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Tongfu Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Zhenlei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Hongbin Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Hong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Feng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
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