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Kalisch T, Terschüren T, Streubel R. Elimination reactions in 1,4-diphosphinine chemistry: mixed-valence intermediates and 1,1- vs. 1,4-elimination pathways. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:12052-12056. [PMID: 38989914 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01901f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Reactions of tricyclic 1,4-diphosphinines 1,4 with LiOH, followed by protonation are reported. 1,3-Thiazole-2-thione-derived 1 enabled only observation of the first anionic addition product 2/3. On the other hand, imidazole-2-selone-annelated derivative 4 enabled the identification of the first (5) and second product (6) at low temperature. As water was eliminated upon warming in both cases, DFT calculations were performed to gain more insight into the reaction pathway(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Kalisch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53123 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Tatjana Terschüren
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53123 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Rainer Streubel
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53123 Bonn, Germany.
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2
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Terschüren T, Schnakenburg G, Streubel R. Application of phosphorus-bridged rigid, bent bis(NHCs) as dipodal ligands in main group and transition metal chemistry. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:5043-5050. [PMID: 38375673 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00378k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Phosphorus-bridged rigid, bent bis(N-heterocyclic) carbenes have not been reported, so far, despite having structural features that could make them interesting ligands in coordination and main group element chemistry. In previous reports, we had demonstrated that tuning of σ3- and σ4-phosphorus environments in planarised bis(NHCs) affects electronic properties and can provide additional coordination sites. Herein, we report on first examples of synthesis and conversion of 1,4-diphosphabarrelene-related compounds into rigid bent, doubly P-bridged bis(NHCs). The formation of main group element adducts with substrates from group 13, 14 and 15 illustrates opportunities to access novel scaffolds and to create nonplanar branching points. DFT calculations reveal the new bis(NHCs) to be good candidates as novel soft/hard ligands with up to four coordination sites. The synthesis of a dinuclear Fe(CO)4 complex is demonstrated. The thermal retro-[4 + 2] cycloaddition was theoretically and experimentally explored for a variety of ionic and zwitterionic 1,4-diphosphabarrelenes, and the generation and trapping of a dinuclear Fe(0) bis(NHC) complex with a tricyclic 1σ2,4 σ2-diphosphinine scaffold is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Terschüren
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Rainer Streubel
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
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3
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Rottschäfer D, Reith S, Schwarzmann J, Tambornino F, Lichtenberg C. Cyclic Hydrocarbon Frameworks Containing Two Bismuth Atoms: Towards 9,10-Dibismaanthracene. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303363. [PMID: 38116821 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
When bismuth atoms are incorporated into cyclic organic systems, this commonly goes along with strained or distorted molecular geometries, which can be exploited to modulate the physical and chemical properties of these compounds. In six-membered heterocycles, bismuth atoms are often accompanied by oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen as a second hetero-element. In this work, we present the first examples of six-membered rings, in which two CH units are replaced by BiX moieties (X=Cl, Br, I), resulting in dihydro-anthracene analogs. Their behavior in chemically reversible reduction reactions is explored, aiming at the generation of dibisma-anthracene (bismanthrene). Heterometallic compounds (Bi/Fe, Bi/Mn) are introduced as potential bismanthrene surrogates, as supported by bismanthrene-transfer to selenium. Analytical techniques used to investigate the reported compounds include NMR spectroscopy, high-resolution mass spectrometry, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses, and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Rottschäfer
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Reith
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Schwarzmann
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Frank Tambornino
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35037, Marburg, Germany
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4
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Werra JA, Wurst K, Löwe P, Dielmann F. Facile One-Step Access to Pyrrole-Based 1,4-Diphosphabarrelenes. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202200458. [PMID: 36727496 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
1,4-Diphosphabarrelenes are bicyclic diphosphines relevant, for example, for the generation of polymetallic coordination compounds. However, current synthetic protocols either suffer from low yields or require multiple reaction steps. Herein, we report the one-step synthesis of pyrrole-based 1,4-diphosphabarrelenes that are obtained in very good yields from the reaction of 1,2,5-trimethylpyrrole with 1,2-bis(dichlorophosphino)ethane or 1,2-bis(dichlorophosphino)benzene. The new caged diphosphines are strong donor ligands and act as bridging ligand in nickel(0), rhodium(I), iridium(I) and copper(I) coordination compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina A Werra
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.,Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 28/30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Klaus Wurst
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Pawel Löwe
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 28/30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Fabian Dielmann
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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5
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Ota K, Kinjo R. Heavier element-containing aromatics of [4 n+2]-electron systems. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:10594-10673. [PMID: 34369490 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01354d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
While the implication of the aromaticity concept has been dramatically expanded to date since its emergence in 1865, the classical [4n+2]/4n-electron counting protocol still plays an essential role in evaluating the aromatic nature of compounds. Over the last few decades, a variety of heavier heterocycles featuring the formal [4n+2] π-electron arrangements have been developed, which allows for assessing their aromatic nature. In this review, we present recent developments of the [4n+2]-electron systems of heavier heterocycles involving group 13-15 elements. The synthesis, spectroscopic data, structural parameters, computational data, and reactivity are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Ota
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Link 21, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Rei Kinjo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Link 21, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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6
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Welideniya D, Ramachandran MRK, Kalisch T, Streubel R. New frontiers: 1,4-diphosphinines and P-bridged bis(NHCs). Dalton Trans 2021; 50:9345-9366. [PMID: 34160506 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01624e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review describes synthetic concepts and breakthroughs in 1,4-diphosphinine and related P-bridged bis(NHCs) chemistry, covering the last four decades, starting from monocyclic 1,4-dihydro-1,4-diphosphinines in the early 80s to the most recent and promising achievements of tricyclic 1,4-dihydro-1,4-diphosphinines and tricyclic 1,4-diphosphinines. Theoretical aspects are presented for 1,4-dihydro- and 1,4-diphosphinines considering HOMO LUMO situations as well as the degree of aromaticity. Moreover, fundamental characteristics of analytical data of these compounds are highlighted with special focus on substituent effects, structural aspects and trends of electrophilicity. The two P-centers and the heterocyclic rings of 1,4-dihydro- and 1,4-diphosphinines constitute a broad platform for substitution, reduction/oxidation, alkylation, complexation and cycloaddition reactions, i.e., a comprehensive compilation of reactivity aspects is presented. Furthermore, very recent developments in the synthesis and reactivity of tricyclic PV/V- and PIII/III-bridged bis(imidazole-2-ylidenes) will be discussed together with new perspectives derived from an antiaromatic middle ring. In total, our intention is to show new frontiers, i.e., new synthetic paths, thus creating novel opportunities for potential applications in molecular and materials chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanushi Welideniya
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Mridhul R K Ramachandran
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Tim Kalisch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Rainer Streubel
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
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7
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Zhang B, Liu D, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Feng J, Yu F. Preparation of Thiazole-2-thiones through TBPB-Promoted Oxidative Cascade Cyclization of Enaminones with Elemental Sulfur. Org Lett 2021; 23:3076-3082. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Biao Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Donghan Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Yulin Sun
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Yajing Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Jiayi Feng
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Fuchao Yu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
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