Unique vapochromism of a paddlewheel-type dirhodium complex accompanied by dynamic structural and phase transitions

Supramolecular Helical Assemblies of Dirhodium(II) Paddlewheels with 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane: A Remarkable Substituent Effect on the Helical Sense Preference and Amplification of the Helical Handedness Excess of Metallo-Supramolecular Helical Polymers

We report unique coordination-driven supramolecular helical assemblies of a series of dirhodium(II) tetracarboxylate paddlewheels bearing chiral phenyl- or methyl-substituted amide-bound m-terphenyl residues with triethylene glycol monomethyl ether (TEG) or n-dodecyl tails through a 1:1 complexation with 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO). The chiral dirhodium complexes with DABCO in CHCl₃/n-hexane (1:1) form one-handed helical coordination polymers with a controlled propeller chirality at the m-terphenyl groups, which are stabilized by intermolecular hydrogen-bonding networks between the adjacent amide groups at the periphery mainly via a cooperative nucleation-elongation mechanism as supported by circular dichroism (CD), vibrational CD, and variable-temperature (VT) absorption and CD analyses. The VT visible-absorption titrations revealed the temperature-dependent changes in the degree of polymerization. The columnar supramolecular helical structures were elucidated by X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. The helix sense of the homopolymer carrying the bulky phenyl and n-dodecyl substituents is opposite those of other chiral homopolymers despite having the same absolute configuration at the pendants. A remarkably strong "sergeants and soldiers" (S&S) effect was observed in most of the chiral/achiral copolymers, while the copolymers of the bulky chiral phenyl-substituted dirhodium complexes with n-dodecyl chains displayed an "abnormal" S&S effect accompanied by an inversion of the helix sense, which could be switched to a "normal" S&S effect by changing the solvent composition. A nonracemic dirhodium complex of 20% enantiomeric excess bearing the less bulky chiral methyl substituents with n-dodecyl chains assembled with DABCO to form an almost one-handed helix (the "majority rule" (MR) effect), whereas the three other nonracemic copolymers showed a weak MR effect.