1
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Shiels D, Brennessel WW, Crawley MR, Matson EM. Leveraging a reduced polyoxomolybdate-alkoxide cluster for the formation of a stable U(v) sandwich complex. Chem Sci 2024; 15:11072-11083. [PMID: 39027268 PMCID: PMC11253122 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02644f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of a series of (TBA)2[M{Mo5O13(OMe)4NO}2] (M = Zr, Hf, Th, and U) sandwich complexes is reported. A preformed lacunary, Lindqvist-type, polyoxomolybdate-alkoxide cluster provides access to first examples of actinide-polyoxomolybdate sandwich complexes isolated under non-aqueous conditions. Incorporation of metal(iv) cations into this framework was found to "switch on" reversible redox chemistry at the {Mo5} ligands, with the Zr and Hf containing complexes accepting up to two electrons, while the Th and U derivates accommodate as many as four additional electrons. The enhancement of the redox properties of the cluster upon actinide incorporation is an exciting observation, presenting actinide "doping" as a novel approach for accessing functional redox-active materials. Oxidation of the uranium containing sandwich complex (TBA)2[U{Mo5O13(OMe)4NO}2], chemically or electrochemically, allows access to the U(v) centered species, which was characterized both spectroscopically and by single crystal X-ray diffraction. This represents the first example of a U(v)-polyoxometalate sandwich complex to be isolated and structurally characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Shiels
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester Rochester NY 14627 USA
| | | | - Matthew R Crawley
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York Buffalo NY 14620 USA
| | - Ellen M Matson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester Rochester NY 14627 USA
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2
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Lin XL, Hu QL, Tan KX, Chen XJ, Yang GP, Wei YG. Two Mn(II)-Bridged Silverton-Type [UMo 12O 42] 8- Polyoxometalates with Catalytic Activity for the Synthesis of Pyrazoles. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:12469-12474. [PMID: 38912662 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Two Mn(II)-bridged Silverton-type {UMo12O42}-based polyoxomolybdates with different three-dimensional structures, Na6(H2O)12[Mn(UMo12O42)] (NaMn) and (NH4)2[K2Na6(μ4-O)2(H2O)1.2Mn(UMo12O42)]·4.6H2O (KMn), were hydrothermally synthesized and further characterized, demonstrating a feasible strategy for the assembly of Silverton-type polyoxomolybdates. Additionally, NaMn is demonstrated to be a good heterogeneous catalyst in the condensation cyclization reaction of hydrazines and 1,3-diketones, and a range of valuable pyrazoles were produced in up to 99% yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ling Lin
- School of Chemistry and Material Science, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Qi-Long Hu
- School of Chemistry and Material Science, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Ke-Xin Tan
- School of Chemistry and Material Science, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Xue-Jiao Chen
- School of Chemistry and Material Science, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Guo-Ping Yang
- School of Chemistry and Material Science, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Inorganic Oxygenated Materials, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yong-Ge Wei
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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3
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Gulam Rabbani SM, Miró P. Computational Insights into Iron Heterometal Installation in Polyoxovanadate-Alkoxide Clusters. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:1797-1803. [PMID: 35344660 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Polyoxovanadate-alkoxide clusters are a new class of electroactive species with applications in a wide variety of fields from redox catalysis to energy storage. Heterometallic installation in these species can be used to modulate the redox properties of polyoxovanadate-alkoxide clusters and thus their applications. However, the formation mechanism of heterometallic polyoxovanadate alkoxides during the solvothermal process is unknown, limiting our understanding regarding what thermodynamic driving forces and/or kinetic barriers are present in the heterometal insertion. Here, we present a computational study on the nucleation pathways of the iron-functionalized mixed-valent hexameric [VV2VIV3O5(μ6-O)(μ2-OCH3)12(FeIIICl)] polyoxovanadate-alkoxide cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Gulam Rabbani
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, United States
| | - Pere Miró
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, United States
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4
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Colla CA, Colliard I, Sawvel AM, Nyman M, Mason HE, Deblonde GJP. Contrasting Trivalent Lanthanide and Actinide Complexation by Polyoxometalates via Solution-State NMR. Inorg Chem 2022; 62:6242-6254. [PMID: 36580490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Deciphering the solution chemistry and speciation of actinides is inherently difficult due to radioactivity, rarity, and cost constraints, especially for transplutonium elements. In this context, the development of new chelating platforms for actinides and associated spectroscopic techniques is particularly important. In this study, we investigate a relatively overlooked class of chelators for actinide binding, namely, polyoxometalates (POMs). We provide the first NMR measurements on americium-POM and curium-POM complexes, using one-dimensional (1D) 31P NMR, variable-temperature NMR, and spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) experiments. The proposed POM-NMR approach allows for the study of trivalent f-elements even when only microgram amounts are available and in phosphate-containing solutions where f-elements are typically insoluble. The solution-state speciation of trivalent americium, curium, plus multiple lanthanide ions (La3+, Nd3+, Sm3+, Eu3+, Yb3+, and Lu3+), in the presence of the model POM ligand PW11O397- was elucidated and revealed the concurrent formation of two stable complexes, [MIII(PW11O39)(H2O)x]4- and [MIII(PW11O39)2]11-. Interconversion reaction constants, reaction enthalpies, and reaction entropies were derived from the NMR data. The NMR results also provide experimental evidence of the weakly paramagnetic nature of the Am3+ and Cm3+ ions in solution. Furthermore, the study reveals a previously unnoticed periodicity break along the f-element series with the reversal of T1 relaxation times of the 1:1 and 1:2 complexes and the preferential formation of the long T1 species for the early lanthanides versus the short T1 species for the late lanthanides, americium, and curium. Given the broad variety of POM ligands that exist, with many of them containing NMR-active nuclei, the combined POM-NMR approach reported here opens a new avenue to investigate difficult-to-study elements such as heavy actinides and other radionuclides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Colla
- Atmospheric, Earth and Energy Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States
| | - Ian Colliard
- Glenn T. Seaborg Institute, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon97331, United States
| | - April M Sawvel
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States
| | - May Nyman
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon97331, United States
| | - Harris E Mason
- Atmospheric, Earth and Energy Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States.,Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico87545, United States
| | - Gauthier J-P Deblonde
- Glenn T. Seaborg Institute, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States.,Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States
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5
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Colliard I, Lee JRI, Colla CA, Mason HE, Sawvel AM, Zavarin M, Nyman M, Deblonde GJP. Polyoxometalates as ligands to synthesize, isolate and characterize compounds of rare isotopes on the microgram scale. Nat Chem 2022; 14:1357-1366. [PMID: 36050378 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-01018-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and study of radioactive compounds are both inherently limited by their toxicity, cost and isotope scarcity. Traditional methods using small inorganic or organic complexes typically require milligrams of sample-per attempt-which for some isotopes is equivalent to the world's annual supply. Here we demonstrate that polyoxometalates (POMs) enable the facile formation, crystallization, handling and detailed characterization of metal-ligand complexes from microgram quantities owing to their high molecular weight and controllable solubility properties. Three curium-POM complexes were prepared, using just 1-10 μg per synthesis of the rare isotope 248Cm3+, and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, showing an eight-coordinated Cm3+ centre. Moreover, spectrophotometric, fluorescence, NMR and Raman analyses of several f-block element-POM complexes, including 243Am3+ and 248Cm3+, showed otherwise unnoticeable differences between their solution versus solid-state chemistry, and actinide versus lanthanide behaviour. This POM-driven strategy represents a viable path to isolate even rarer complexes, notably with actinium or transcalifornium elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Colliard
- Glenn T. Seaborg Institute, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Jonathan R I Lee
- Material Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Christopher A Colla
- Atmospheric, Earth and Energy Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Harris E Mason
- Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - April M Sawvel
- Material Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Mavrik Zavarin
- Glenn T. Seaborg Institute, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - May Nyman
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Gauthier J-P Deblonde
- Glenn T. Seaborg Institute, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.
- Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.
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6
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Wang G, Dorn KV, Siebeneichler S, Valldor M, Smetana V, Mudring AV. The missing link between zeolites and polyoxometalates. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadd9320. [PMID: 36383662 PMCID: PMC9668284 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add9320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Open framework materials such as zeolites and metalorganic frameworks are garnering tremendous interest because of their intriguing architecture and attractive functionalities. Thus, new types of open framework materials are highly sought after. Here, we present the discovery of completely new inorganic framework materials, where, in contrast to conventional inorganic open frameworks, the scaffold is not based on tetrahedral EO4 (E = main group element) but octahedral MO6 (M = transition metal) building blocks. These structural features place them closer to polyoxometalates than zeolites. The first representatives of this class of materials are [(R)24(NH4)14(PO(OH)2)6]·[M134(PO3(OH,F))96F120] (M = Co, R = C2Py = 1-ethylpyridinium and M = Ni, R = C4C1Py = 1-butyl-3-methylpyridinium) featuring interlinked fullerene-like nanosphere cavities. Having a transition metal building up the framework brings about interesting properties, for example, spin-glass behavior, and, with this particular topology, a hedgehog-like spin orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangmei Wang
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Katharina V. Dorn
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Stefanie Siebeneichler
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Martin Valldor
- Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Postbox 1033, Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Volodymyr Smetana
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Anja-Verena Mudring
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, 253 Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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7
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Cheng M, Wang H, Liu Y, Shi J, Zhou M, Du W, Zhang D, Yang G. Bouquet-like uranium-containing selenotungstate consisting of two different Keggin-/Anderson-type units with excellent photoluminescence quantum yield. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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8
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An updated status and trends in actinide metal-organic frameworks (An-MOFs): From synthesis to application. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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9
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Petrus E, Bo C. Unlocking Phase Diagrams for Molybdenum and Tungsten Nanoclusters and Prediction of their Formation Constants. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:5212-5219. [PMID: 34086467 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c03292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Understanding and controlling aqueous speciation of metal oxides are key for the discovery and development of novel materials, and challenge both experimental and computational approaches. Here we present a computational method, called POMSimulator, which is able to predict speciation phase diagrams (Conc. vs pH) for multispecies chemical equilibria in solution, and which we apply to molybdenum and tungsten isopolyoxoanions (IPAs). Starting from the MO4 monomers, and considering dimers, trimers, and larger species, the chemical reaction networks involved in the formation of [H32Mo36O128]8- and [W12O42]12- are sampled in an automatic manner. This information is used for setting up ∼105 speciation models, and from there, we generate the speciation phase diagrams, which show an insightful picture of the behavior of IPAs in aqueous solution. Furthermore, we predict the values of 107 formation constants for a diversity of molybdenum and tungsten molecular oxides. Among these species, we could include several pentagonal-shaped species and very reactive tungsten intermediates as well. Last but not least, the calibration employed for correcting the density functional theory (DFT) Gibbs energies is remarkably similar for both metals, which suggests that a general rule might exist for correcting computed free energies for other metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enric Petrus
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carles Bo
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Química Física i Inorgánica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel•lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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10
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Rabbani SMG, Achazi AJ, Miró P. Computational Insights into the Nucleation of Mixed-Valent Polyoxovanadate Alkoxide Clusters. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:7262-7268. [PMID: 33891406 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of novel tunable electroactive species remains a key challenge for a wide range of chemical applications such as redox catalysis, energy storage, and optoelectronics. In recent years, polyoxovanadate (POV) alkoxide clusters have emerged as a new class of compounds with highly promising electrochemical applications. However, our knowledge of the formation pathways of POV alkoxides is rather limited. Understanding the speciation of POV alkoxides is fundamental for controlling and manipulating the evolution of transient species during their nucleation and therefore tuning the properties of the final product. Here, we present a computational study of the nucleation pathways of a mixed-valent [(VV6-nVIVnO6)(O)(O-CH3)12](4-n)+ POV alkoxide cluster in the absence of reducing agents other than methanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Gulam Rabbani
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, United States
| | - Andreas J Achazi
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, United States
| | - Pere Miró
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, United States
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11
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Wang HY, Zheng XY, Long LS, Kong XJ, Zheng LS. Sandwich-Type Uranyl Phosphate-Polyoxometalate Cluster Exhibiting Strong Luminescence. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:6790-6795. [PMID: 33887138 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A pure inorganic uranyl phosphate-polyoxometalate of Na17{Na@[(SbW9O33)2(UO2)6(PO3OH)6]}·xH2O (abbreviated as Na@U6P6, with x ≈ 46) featuring a sandwich-type structure was prepared using Keggin-type trilacunary [α-B-SbW9O33]9- units as building blocks, which were formed in situ by SbCl3 and Na2WO4·2H2O. Crystal structural analysis showed that six UO22+ cations and six PO3OH2- anions generated a wheel-like cluster unit with a Na+ center ([Na@(UO2)6(PO3OH)6]+) that is stabilized by two [α-B-SbW9O33]9- units. Na@U6P6 displayed a solid-state photoluminescence quantum yield of 33% at 300 K. The temperature-dependent fluorescence emission spectra showed that Na@U6P6 has temperature-sensitive fluorescence in which its emission intensity decreased by 77% as the temperature increased from 200 to 300 K. These results suggest that such uranyl phosphate-polyoxometalate clusters could serve as potential temperature-sensitive molecular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ying Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiu-Ying Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.,Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - La-Sheng Long
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiang-Jian Kong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Lan-Sun Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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12
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Yang GP, Zhang XL, Liu YF, Zhang DD, Li K, Hu CW. Self-assembly of Keggin-type U( vi)-containing tungstophosphates with a sandwich structure: an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of sulfonyl pyrazoles. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi00485a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Two Keggin-type U(vi)-containing tungstophosphates with sandwich structure were synthesized and characterized. Compound 1 presents excellent catalytic activity towards the condensation cyclization of sulfonyl hydrazines with 1,3-diketones to synthesize sulfonyl pyrazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Ping Yang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Lei Zhang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Feng Liu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Di Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Ke Li
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Wen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
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