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Rom T, Agrawal A, Biswas R, Haldar KK, Paul AK. Superior Electrochemical Water Splitting and Energy-Storage Performances of In Situ Fabricated Charge-Separated Metal Organophosphonate Single Crystals. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:17797-17811. [PMID: 38552198 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c19079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The design and exploration of advanced materials as a durable multifunctional electrocatalyst toward sustainable energy generation and storage development is the most perdurable challenge in the domain of renewable energy research. Herein, a facile in situ solvothermal approach has been adopted to prepare a methylviologen-regulated crystalline metal phosphonate compound, [C12H14N2][Ni(C11H11N2)(H2hedp)2]2•6H2O (NIT1), (H4hedp = 1-hydroxyethane 1,1-diphosphonic acid) and well characterized by several techniques. The as-prepared NIT1 displays excellent bifunctional electrocatalytic activity with dynamic stability toward oxygen evolution reaction (η10 = 288 mV) and hydrogen evolution reaction (η10 = 228 mV) in alkaline (1.0 M KOH) and acidic mediums (0.5 M H2SO4), respectively. Such a low overpotential and Tafel slope (68 mV/dec for OER; 56 mV/dec for HER) along with long-term durability up to 20 h of NIT1 make it superior to benchmark the electrocatalyst and various nonprecious metal-based catalysts under similar experimental condition. Further, the electrochemical supercapacitor measurements (in three-electrode system) reveal that the NIT1 electrode possesses much higher specific capacity of 187.6 C g-1 at a current density of 2 A g-1 (272 C g-1 at 5 mV s-1) with capacitance retention of 75.2% over 10,000 cycles at 14 A g-1 (Coulombic efficiency > 99%) in 6 M KOH electrolyte medium. Finally for a practical application, an asymmetric supercapacitor device (coin cell) is assembled by NIT1 material. The as-fabricated device delivers the maximum energy density of 39.4 Wh kg-1 at a power density of 450 W kg-1 and achieves a wide voltage window of 1.80 V. Notably, the device endures a remarkable cycle performance with cyclic retention of 92% (Coulombic efficiency > 99%) even after 14,000 charge/discharge cycles at 10 A g-1. Nevertheless, the extraordinary electrochemical activities toward OER and HER as well as the high-performance device fabrication for LED illumination of such a noble metal-free lower-dimensional charge-transfer compound are truly path breaking and would be promising for the development of advanced multifunctional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmay Rom
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra136119, India
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Anant Agrawal
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra 136119, India
| | - Rathindranath Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Science, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Krishna Kanta Haldar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Science, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Avijit Kumar Paul
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra136119, India
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Poojita, Rom T, Biswas R, Haldar KK, Paul AK. Intrinsic Specific Activity Enhancement for Bifunctional Electrocatalytic Activity toward Oxygen and Hydrogen Evolution Reactions via Structural Modification of Nickel Organophosphonates. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:3795-3806. [PMID: 38335251 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
A comprehensive knowledge of the structure-activity relationship of the framework material is decisive to develop efficient multifunctional electrocatalysts. In this regard, two different metal organophosphonate compounds, [Ni(Hhedp)2]·4H2O (I) and [Ni3(H3hedp)2(C4H4N2)3]·6H2O (II) have been isolated through one-pot hydrothermal strategy by using H4hedp (1-hydroxyethane 1,1-diphosphonic acid) and N-donor auxiliary ligand (pyrazine; C4H4N2). The structures of synthesized materials have been established through single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies, which confirm that compound I formed a one-dimensional molecular chain structure, while compound II exhibited a three-dimensional extended structure. Further, the crystalline materials have participated as efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution and hydrogen evolution reactions (OER and HER) as compared to the state-of-the-art electrocatalyst RuO2. The electrocatalytic OER and HER performances show that compound II displayed better electrocatalytic performances toward OER (η10 = 305 mV) and HER (η10 = 230 mV) in alkaline (1 M KOH) and acidic (0.5 M H2SO4) media, respectively. Substantially, the specific activity has been assessed in order to measure the inherent electrocatalytic activity of the title electrocatalyst, which displays an enrichment of fourfold higher activity of compound II (0.64 mA/cm2) than compound I (0.16 mA/cm2) for the OER experiments. Remarkably, inclusion of an auxiliary pyrazine ligand into the metal organophosphonate structure (compound II) not only offers higher dimensionality along with significant enhancement of the overall bifunctional electrocatalytic performances but also improves the long-term stability, which is noteworthy for the family of hybrid framework materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poojita
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra 136119, Haryana, India
| | - Tanmay Rom
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra 136119, Haryana, India
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Rathindranath Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Science, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Krishna Kanta Haldar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Science, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Avijit Kumar Paul
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra 136119, Haryana, India
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Rom T, Poojita, Paul AK. Bifunctional Role of Methyl Viologen in UV and X-ray Sensitive Switchable Organophosphonate Single Crystal. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:61-66. [PMID: 38105491 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Finding X-ray and UV responsive hybrid single crystals including their versatile properties is highly desirable though the fabrication of such material is a very challenging task to researchers. Herein, a methyl viologen assisted hybrid nickel organophosphonate structure (i.e., NIT1) is demonstrated by adapting an in situ solvothermal strategy to investigate the X-ray effect and photochromic behaviors. The bifunctional coordinated and templated roles of monocationic and bicationic methyl viologen units present in the hybrid structure are noteworthy and can manifest prominent structural enhancement and reversible photochromism behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmay Rom
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra 136119, India
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560064, India
| | - Poojita
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra 136119, India
| | - Avijit Kumar Paul
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra 136119, India
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Anchoring polydentate N/O-ligands in metal phosphite/phosphate/phosphonate (MPO) for functional hybrid materials. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Biswas R, Ahmed I, Manna P, Mahata P, Dhayal RS, Singh A, Lahtinen J, Haldar KK. Facile Fabrication of Ni 9 S 8 /Ag 2 S Intertwined Structures for Oxygen and Hydrogen Evolution Reactions. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202200320. [PMID: 36625467 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report the fabrication of the unique intertwined Ni9 S8 /Ag2 S composite structure with hexagonal shape from their molecular precursors by one-pot thermal decomposition. Various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques were utilized to confirm the Ni9 S8 /Ag2 S intertwined structure. Powder X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis suggest that there is an enrichment of Ni9 S8 phase in Ni9 S8 /Ag2 S. The presence of Ag2 S in Ni9 S8 /Ag2 S improves the conductivity by reducing the interfacial energy and charge transfer resistance. When Ni9 S8 /Ag2 S is employed as an electrocatalyst for electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity, it requires a low overpotential of 152 mV for HER and 277 mV for OER to obtain the geometrical current density of 10 mA cm-2 , which is definitely superior to that of its components Ni9 S8 and Ag2 S. This work provides a simple design route to develop an efficient and durable electrocatalyst with outstanding OER and HER performance and the present catalyst (Ni9 S8 /Ag2 S) deserves as a potential candidate in the field of energy conversion systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Imtiaz Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Priyanka Manna
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Partha Mahata
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Rajendra S Dhayal
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Amol Singh
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Jouko Lahtinen
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, 00076, Aalto, Finland
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Yu ZY, Zhao HY, Ling ZJ, Zhou J, Zhao XQ. Two luminescent lanthanide metal–organic frameworks as bifunctional fluorescent probes for Fe3+ and MnO4− ions. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.121159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Manna K, Sutter JP, Natarajan S. Blue-Emitting Ligand-Mediated Assembly of Rare-Earth MOFs toward White-Light Emission, Sensing, Magnetic, and Catalytic Studies. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:16770-16785. [PMID: 36227059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
New lanthanide carboxylate compounds with two- (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) structures have been prepared by employing 2,5-bis(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)terephthalic acid (2,5-BPTA) as an organic linker. The compounds, [Ln(C14H8O6)(C7O3H4)·2H2O]·4(H2O), Ln = Y, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy and [Ln(C7O3H4)3·(C3H7ON)·(H2O)]·2(H2O)(C3H7NO), Ln = La, Ce, Pr, have two- and three-dimensional structures, respectively. In all compounds, lanthanide ions are connected together, forming a dimer, which is connected by the 2,5-BPTA ligand. In the two-dimensional structure, there are two 2,5-BPTA moieties present, and in the three-dimensional structure, there are three 2,5-BPTA moieties present. The lanthanide centers are nine-coordinated, the 2D structure has a tricapped trigonal prismatic arrangement, and the 3D structure has a monocapped distorted square antiprismatic arrangement. The Pr compound forms in both 2D and 3D structures, whose formation depends on the time of the reaction (2 days─2D and 5-6 days─3D). The ligand emits in the blue region, and using the characteristic emission of Eu3+ (red) and Tb3+ (green) ions, we achieve white light emission in the (Y0.96Tb0.02Eu0.02) compound. The overall quantum yield for the white light emission is 28%. The strong green luminescence of the Tb3+-containing compound was employed to selectively sense the Cr3+ and Fe3+ ions in aqueous solution with limits of detection (LODs) at 0.41 and 8.6 ppm, respectively. The Tb compound was found to be a good heterogeneous catalyst for the Ullman-type O-arylation reaction between phenol and bromoarene with yields of 95%. Magnetic studies on the Gd-, Tb-, and Dy-containing compounds showed weak exchange interactions within the dimeric Ln2 units. The present work demonstrates the many utilities of the rare-earth-containing MOFs, especially toward white-light emission, metal-ion sensing, and heterogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Manna
- Framework Solids Laboratory, Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Jean-Pascal Sutter
- Laboratoire de Chime de Coordination du CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Srinivasan Natarajan
- Framework Solids Laboratory, Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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Rom T, Kumar N, Agrawal A, Gaur A, Paul AK. Syntheses, crystal structures, topology and dual electronic behaviors of a family of amine-templated three- dimensional zinc-organophosphonate hybrid solids. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Rom T, Agrawal A, Sarkar S, Mahata P, Kumar A, Paul AK. Organoamine Templated Multifunctional Hybrid Metal Phosphonate Frameworks: Promising Candidates for Tailoring Electrochemical Behaviors and Size-Selective Efficient Heterogeneous Lewis Acid Catalysis. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:9580-9594. [PMID: 35687505 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The successful discovery of novel multifunctional metal phosphonate framework materials that incorporate newer organoamines and their utilization as a potential electroactive material for energy storage applications (supercapacitors) and as efficient heterogeneous catalysts are the most enduring challenges at present. From this perspective, herein, four new inorganic-organic hybrid zinc organodiphosphonate materials, namely, [C5H14N2]2[Zn6(hedp)4] (I), [C5H14N2]0.5[Zn3(Hhedp) (hedp)]·2H2O (II), [C6H16N2][Zn3(hedp)2] (III), and [C10H24N4][Zn6(Hhedp)2(hedp)2] (IV) (H4hedp = 1-hydroxyethane 1,1-diphosphonic acid), have been synthesized through the introduction of different organoamines and then structurally analyzed using various techniques. The compounds (I-IV) possess a three-dimensional network through alternate connectivity of zinc ions and diphosphonate ligands, as confirmed using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The investigations of electrochemical charge storage behaviors of the present compounds indicate that compound III exhibits a high specific capacitance of 190 F g-1 (76 C g-1) at 1 A g-1, while compound II shows an excellent cycling stability of 90.11% even after 5000 cycles at 5 A g-1 in the 6 M KOH solution. Further, the present materials have also been utilized as active heterogeneous Lewis acid catalysts in the ketalization reaction. The screening of various substrate scopes during the catalytic process confirms the size-selective heterogeneous catalytic nature of the framework compounds. To our utmost knowledge, such a size-selective heterogeneous Lewis acid catalytic behavior has been observed for the first time in the amine templated inorganic-organic hybrid framework family. Moreover, the excellent size-selective catalytic efficiencies with the d10 metal system and recyclability performances make the compounds (I-IV) more efficient and promising Lewis acid heterogeneous catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmay Rom
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra 136119, India
| | - Anant Agrawal
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra 136119, India
| | - Sourav Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Partha Mahata
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Ashavani Kumar
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra 136119, India
| | - Avijit Kumar Paul
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra 136119, India
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Li GM, Xu F, Han SD, Pan J, Wang GM. Hybrid Photochromic Lanthanide Phosphonate with Multiple Photoresponsive Functionalities. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:8379-8385. [PMID: 35592931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid photochromic materials (HPMs) with specific photoresponsive functionality have applications in many fields. The photoinduced electron-transfer (ET) strategy has been proved to be effective in the synthesis of HPMs with diverse photomodulated properties. The exploitation of new electron acceptors (EAs) is meaningful for promoting the development of HPMs. In this work, we introduced a rigid tetraimidazole derivative, 3,3,5,5-tetra(imidazol-1-yl)-1,1-biphenyl (TIBP) as a potential EA, into a metal-diphosphonate (1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid, H4-HEDP) system to explore HPMs and finally obtained a hybrid metal phosphonate (H4-TIBP)0.5·[Dy(H-HEDP) (H2-HEDP)]·H2O (1). 1 features anionic chains composed of diphosphonate and Dy3+ ions. The extra charge is balanced by protonated TIBP cations, which exist in the void of adjacent chains and form H-bonds with Ophosphonate (N-H···O). Upon photostimulation with a Xe lamp (300 W), the crystalline sample 1 exhibited coloration by changing from colorless to pale yellow because of the presence of photoinduced radicals that originated from the ET from Ophosphonate to NTIBP. Along with the coloration, photomodulated fluorescence, magnetism, and proton conductivity were also detected in the photoactivated samples. Different from the reported HPMs based on polypyridine derivatives and photoactive species such as pyridinium and naphthalimide derivatives as EAs, our study provides a new category of EA units to yield HPMs with fascinating photoresponsive functionality via the assembly of polyimidazole derivatives and phosphonate-based supramolecular building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang-Mei Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P. R. China
| | - Fei Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P. R. China
| | - Song-De Han
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P. R. China
| | - Jie Pan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Ming Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P. R. China
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Rom T, Kumar N, Maji PK, Paul AK. Synthesis, Structure and Topology of Copper(I) Tetrazolate Framework: Facile Approach to Design Multiple Dye Adsorbent with Carbon Composites. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanmay Rom
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra Kurukshetra 136119 India
| | - Nikhil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra Kurukshetra 136119 India
| | - Pradip K. Maji
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Saharanpur Campus Saharanpur 247001 India
| | - Avijit Kumar Paul
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra Kurukshetra 136119 India
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Rom T, Biswas R, Haldar KK, Sarkar S, Saha U, Paul AK. Charge Separated One-Dimensional Hybrid Cobalt/Nickel Phosphonate Frameworks: A Facile Approach to Design Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Evolution and Hydrogen Evolution Reactions. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:15106-15111. [PMID: 34590829 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Two new organoamine templated one-dimensional transition metal phosphonate compounds are synthesized, and their bifunctional electrocatalytic activities are examined in highly alkaline and acidic media. Compared with state-of-the-art materials, the cobalt phosphonate system is a new fabrication of sustainable and highly efficient catalysts toward electrochemical water splitting systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmay Rom
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra-136119, India
| | | | | | - Sourav Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Uttam Saha
- Smart and NBC Materials Division (SNMD), Defense Material and Stores Research and Development Establishment (DMSRDE), Kanpur-208013, India
| | - Avijit Kumar Paul
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra-136119, India
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Qiu CQ, Li LQ, Yao SL, Liu SJ, Xu H, Zheng TF. Two benzothiadiazole-based compounds as multifunctional fluorescent sensors for detection of organic amines and anions. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Sarkar A, Jana AK, Natarajan S. Aliphatic amine mediated assembly of [M 6( mna) 6] (M = Cu/Ag) into extended two-dimensional structures: synthesis, structure and Lewis acid catalytic studies. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00544h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
New aliphatic amine directed two-dimensional cadmium coordination polymers were shown to exhibit Lewis-acid catalytic activity for the cyanation of imines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Sarkar
- Framework solids Laboratory
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore-560012
- India
| | - Ajay Kumar Jana
- Framework solids Laboratory
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore-560012
- India
| | - Srinivasan Natarajan
- Framework solids Laboratory
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore-560012
- India
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