1
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Li J, Li K, Wu L, Wang H. Synthesis and Characterization of an All-Germanium Analogue of Cyclobutane-1,3-diyl. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:14386-14390. [PMID: 38747544 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
A tetragermacyclobutane-1,3-diyl was prepared and structurally characterized via the reduction of chlorogermylene-coordinated germylgermylene with potassium graphite, which represents the first all-germanium analogue of cyclobutane-1,3-diyl. Single-crystal X-ray analysis of the tetragermacyclobutane-1,3-diyl disclosed that it adopts a planar-cis structure, which is different from those reported all-silicon cyclobutane-1,3-diyls. DFT calculations revealed that both the bulky substituents on the germanium atoms and the tethering of the amido groups are important for the planar cis-configuration of 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China
| | - Kai Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interfaces Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Wu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interfaces Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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2
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Guo L, Zhang J, Cui C. Synthesis and Reactivity of Aluminum Disilacyclopropenes. Cyclic AlSi 2 Delocalized 2π Systems. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:27911-27915. [PMID: 38096128 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis, structures, and reactivity of the first unsaturated AlSi2 three-membered ring systems were described. Reactions of dilithiodisilene [(NHB)LiSi═SiLi(NHB)] (1, NHB = diazaborolyl) with aluminum halides AlCl3, Ar(SiMe3)NAlCl2 (Ar = 2,6-iPr2C6H3), Cp*AlBr2 (Cp* = C5Me5), and TipAlBr2·Et2O (Tip = 2,4,6-iPr3C6H2) led to the formation of AlSi2 three-membered ring species, solvated (NHBSi)2AlCl(OEt2) (2) and solvent-free (NHBSi)2AlN(SiMe3) Ar (3), (NHBSi)2AlCp* (4), and (NHBSi)2AlTip (5), in good yields. X-ray diffraction studies and DFT calculations disclosed delocalized AlSi2 2π electron systems. Methanolysis of 4a resulted in cleavage of the Al-Si σ and Si-Si π bonds, giving trihydrodisilane (NHB)H(MeO)SiSiH2 (NHB) (6). Reaction of 4b with 4 equiv of N2O and H2C═CH2 resulted in the insertion of four oxygen atoms and four H2C═CH2 π bonds into all of the Al-Si and Si-Si bonds, yielding the O- and CH2CH2-bridged polycyclic species 7 and 8, demonstrating the synergistic reactivity of the Al-Si and Si-Si bonds in the AlSi2 ring system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Frontiers Science Center of New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Frontiers Science Center of New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunming Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Frontiers Science Center of New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, People's Republic of China
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3
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Mei Y, Chen X, Wei R, Chang XY, Tao L, Liu LL. An Isolable Radical Anion Featuring a 2-Center-3-Electron π-Bond without a Clearly Defined σ-Bond. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202315555. [PMID: 37942957 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Featuring an extra electron in the π* antibonding orbital, species with a 2-center-3-electron (2c3e) π bond without an underlying σ bond are scarcely known. Herein, we report the synthesis, isolation and characterization of a radical anion salt [K(18-C-6)]+ {[(HCNDipp)2 Si]2 P2 }⋅- (i.e. [K(18-C-6)]+ 3⋅- ) (18-C-6=18-crown-6, Dipp=2,6-diisopropylphenyl), in which 3⋅- features a perfectly planar Si2 P2 four-membered ring. This species represents the first example of a Si- and P-containing analog of a bicyclo[1.1.0]butane radical anion. The unusual bonding motif of 3⋅- was thoroughly investigated via X-ray diffraction crystallography, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR), and calculations by density functional theory (DFT), which collectively unveiled the existence of a 2c3e π bond between the bridgehead P atoms and no clearly defined supporting P-P σ bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Mei
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Department of Chemistry and Dongguan Key Laboratory for Data Science and Intelligent Medicine, Great Bay University, Dongguan, 523000, China
| | - Xiaodan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Rui Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lizhi Tao
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Liu Leo Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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4
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Li Y, Dong S, Guo J, Ding Y, Zhang J, Zhu J, Cui C. π-Aromaticity Dominating in a Saturated Ring: Neutral Aromatic Silicon Analogues of Cyclobutane-1,3-diyls. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:21159-21164. [PMID: 37724997 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis, structures, and reactivity of the first neutral 2π-aromatic Si4 rings [LSiSiAr(X)]2 (3: X = Br; 4: X = Cl; L = PhC(NtBu)2, Ar = 2,4,6-Me3C6H2) were described. Compounds 3 and 4 were obtained by 1,3-halogenation of tetrasilacyclobutadiene (LSiSiAr)2 (2), which was prepared by the reductive cross-coupling of trisilane (ArSiCl2)2SiHAr with two equiv of chlorosilylene LSiCl. The reaction of 3 with two equiv of PhLi yielded the corresponding substitution Si4 ring [LSiSiAr(Ph)]2 (5). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of 3 disclosed that it adopts both puckered (3a) and planar (3b) structures in the solid state, whereas 4 and 5 exhibit only a puckered structure. DFT calculations suggested that the puckered 3a features almost the same electronic structure with fully delocalized 2π planar 3b. The dominant 2π-aromaticity of 3 in a σ-frame has been demonstrated by DFT calculations, providing the first example of aromatics featuring both planar and puckered structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Shicheng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yazhou Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunming Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, People's Republic of China
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5
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Zhang Y, Wu L, Wang H. Neutral Homoaromatic Diboradisilacyclobutene: Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22446-22450. [PMID: 36459696 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
A formally neutral homoaromatic diboradisilacyclobutene was prepared and structurally characterized via the reduction of borylaminobromosilane with potassium graphite, which represents the first neutral boron and silicon mixed analogue of the homocyclopropenylium ion. Single-crystal X-ray analyses revealed a folded four-membered B2Si2 ring (26.2°) and a remarkably short transannular B-Si distance of 2.306(3) Å. DFT calculations showed that two π-electrons delocalize over the BSi2 moiety. Both structural feature and DFT calculations show the significant 2π-homoaromatic nature of the diboradisilacyclobutene. Furthermore, diboradisilacyclobutene reacted readily with CuCl or HCl to afford the diboradisilacyclobutanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Wu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interfaces Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China
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6
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Möbius JHJ, Guddorf BJ, Hepp A, Bergander K, Daniliuc CG, Mück-Lichtenfeld C, Lips F. Direct Formation and Reactivity of a Bromo- and Amido-Substituted Cyclotrisilene. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joost H. J. Möbius
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Corrensstraße 28-30, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Benedikt J. Guddorf
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Corrensstraße 28-30, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Corrensstraße 28-30, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Klaus Bergander
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Christian Mück-Lichtenfeld
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Felicitas Lips
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Corrensstraße 28-30, Münster 48149, Germany
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7
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Koike T, Osawa R, Ishida S, Iwamoto T. Synthesis, Structure and Electronic Properties of a Stable π‐Type 3‐Electron‐2‐Center‐Bonded Species: A Silicon Analogue of a Bicyclo[1.1.0]butane Radical Anion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202117584. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202117584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Koike
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tohoku University Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Raiki Osawa
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tohoku University Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Shintaro Ishida
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tohoku University Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Takeaki Iwamoto
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tohoku University Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578 Japan
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8
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Koike T, Osawa R, Ishida S, Iwamoto T. Synthesis, Structure and Electronic Properties of a Stable π‐Type 3‐Electron‐2‐Center‐Bonded Species: A Silicon Analogue of a Bicyclo[1.1.0]butane Radical Anion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202117584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Koike
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tohoku University Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Raiki Osawa
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tohoku University Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Shintaro Ishida
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tohoku University Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Takeaki Iwamoto
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tohoku University Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578 Japan
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9
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Keuter J, Hepp A, Massolle A, Neugebauer J, Mück‐Lichtenfeld C, Lips F. Synthese und Reaktivität eines Neutralen Homozyklischen Silylens. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Keuter
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Corrensstraße 28–30 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Corrensstraße 28–30 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Anja Massolle
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Organisch-Chemisches Institut und Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Johannes Neugebauer
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Organisch-Chemisches Institut und Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Christian Mück‐Lichtenfeld
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Organisch-Chemisches Institut und Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Felicitas Lips
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Corrensstraße 28–30 48149 Münster Deutschland
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10
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Keuter J, Hepp A, Massolle A, Neugebauer J, Mück-Lichtenfeld C, Lips F. Synthesis and Reactivity of a Neutral Homocyclic Silylene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202114485. [PMID: 34797603 PMCID: PMC9299817 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Isolation of the neutral homocyclic silylene 2 is possible via amine ligand abstraction with potassium graphite (KC8) and subsequent reaction with SiMe3Cl from a bicyclic silicon(I) amide J. This reaction proceeds via an anionic homoaromatic silicon ring compound 1 as an intermediate. The twofold‐coordinated silicon atom in the homocyclic silylene 2 is stabilized by an allyl‐type π‐electron delocalization. 2 reacts in an oxidative addition with two equivalents of MeOH and in cycloadditions with ethene, phenylacetylene, diphenylacetylene and with 2,3‐dimethyl‐1,3‐butadiene to afford novel functionalized ring compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Keuter
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Corrensstraße 28-30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Corrensstraße 28-30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Anja Massolle
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes Neugebauer
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Mück-Lichtenfeld
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Felicitas Lips
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Corrensstraße 28-30, 48149, Münster, Germany
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11
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Nukazawa T, Iwamoto T. Reduction of a Bicyclo[1.1.0]tetrasil-1(3)-ene with LiAlH 4 Leading to an Isolable Cyclotrisilenide. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Nukazawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takeaki Iwamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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12
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Nukazawa T, Iwamoto T. π-Conjugated species with an unsupported Si-Si π-bond obtained from direct π-extension. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:9692-9695. [PMID: 34555142 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04332c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
1,3-Diethynylbicyclo[1.1.0]tetrasilanes that contain an unsupported bridgehead Si-Si π-bond and ethynyl π-moieties were synthesized by the reaction of a 1,3-dihalobicyclo[1.1.0]tetrasilane with the corresponding lithium acetylide. The substantial bathochromic shift of the longest-wavelength absorption band observed for the phenylethynyl-substituted bicyclo[1.1.0]tetrasilane in the solid state compared to that of the octynyl-substituted derivative suggested the presence of effective π-conjugation between the unsupported Si-Si π and ethynyl π units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Nukazawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Takeaki Iwamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
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13
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Majhi PK, Zimmer M, Morgenstern B, Scheschkewitz D. Transition-Metal Complexes of Heavier Cyclopropenes: Non-Dewar–Chatt–Duncanson Coordination and Facile Si═Ge Functionalization. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:8981-8986. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paresh Kumar Majhi
- Krupp-Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Michael Zimmer
- Krupp-Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Bernd Morgenstern
- Krupp-Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - David Scheschkewitz
- Krupp-Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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