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Nandi M, Bej S, Jana T, Ghosh P. From construction to application of a new generation of interlocked molecules composed of heteroditopic wheels. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023. [PMID: 38015500 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03778a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, research on mechanically interlocked molecules has significantly evolved owing to their unique structural features and interesting properties. A substantial percentage of the reported works have focused on the synthetic strategies, leading to the preparation of functional MIMs for their applications in the chemical, materials, and biomedical sciences. Importantly, various macrocyclic wheels with specific heteroditopicity (including phenanthroline, amide, amine, oxy-ether, isophthalamide, calixarene and triazole) and threading axles (bipyridine, phenanthroline, pyridinium, triazolium, etc.) have been designed to synthesize targeted multifunctional mononuclear/multinuclear pseudorotaxanes, rotaxanes and catenanes. The structural uniqueness of these interlocked systems is advantageous owing to the presence of mechanical bonds with specific three-dimensional cavities. Furthermore, their multi-functionalities and preorganised structural entities exhibit a high potential for versatile applications, like switching, shuttling, dynamic properties, recognition and sensing. In this feature article, we describe some of the most recent advances in the construction and chemical behaviour of a new generation of interlocked molecules, primarily focusing on heteroditopic wheels and their applications in different directions of the modern research area. Furthermore, we outline the future prospects and significant perspectives of the new generation heteroditopic wheel based interlocked molecules in different emerging areas of science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandira Nandi
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Somnath Bej
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Tarun Jana
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Pradyut Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India.
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Jelínková K, Závodná A, Kaleta J, Janovský P, Zatloukal F, Nečas M, Prucková Z, Dastychová L, Rouchal M, Vícha R. Two Squares in a Barrel: An Axially Disubstituted Conformationally Rigid Aliphatic Binding Motif for Cucurbit[6]uril. J Org Chem 2023; 88:15615-15625. [PMID: 37882436 PMCID: PMC10661032 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Novel binding motifs suitable for the construction of multitopic guest-based molecular devices (e.g., switches, sensors, data storage, and catalysts) are needed in supramolecular chemistry. No rigid, aliphatic binding motif that allows for axial disubstitution has been described for cucurbit[6]uril (CB6) so far. We prepared three model guests combining spiro[3.3]heptane and bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane centerpieces with imidazolium and ammonium termini. We described their binding properties toward CB6/7 and α-/β-CD using NMR, titration calorimetry, mass spectrometry, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. We found that a bisimidazolio spiro[3.3]heptane guest forms inclusion complexes with CB6, CB7, and β-CD with respective association constants of 4.0 × 104, 1.2 × 1012, and 1.4 × 102. Due to less hindering terminal groups, the diammonio analogue forms more stable complexes with CB6 (K = 1.4 × 106) and CB7 (K = 3.8 × 1012). The bisimidazolio bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane guest forms a highly stable complex only with CB7 with a K value of 1.1 × 1011. The high selectivity of the new binding motifs implies promising potential in the construction of multitopic supramolecular components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristýna Jelínková
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas
Bata University in Zlín, Vavrečkova 5669, Zlín 760 01, Czech Republic
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí
2, Praha 16000, Czech Republic
| | - Aneta Závodná
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas
Bata University in Zlín, Vavrečkova 5669, Zlín 760 01, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Kaleta
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí
2, Praha 16000, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Janovský
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas
Bata University in Zlín, Vavrečkova 5669, Zlín 760 01, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Zatloukal
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas
Bata University in Zlín, Vavrečkova 5669, Zlín 760 01, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Nečas
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, Kotlářská 2, Brno 602 00, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeňka Prucková
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas
Bata University in Zlín, Vavrečkova 5669, Zlín 760 01, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Dastychová
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas
Bata University in Zlín, Vavrečkova 5669, Zlín 760 01, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Rouchal
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas
Bata University in Zlín, Vavrečkova 5669, Zlín 760 01, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Vícha
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas
Bata University in Zlín, Vavrečkova 5669, Zlín 760 01, Czech Republic
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Bej S, Nandi M, Ghosh P. Development of fluorophoric [2]pseudorotaxanes and [2]rotaxane: selective sensing of Zn(II). Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:7284-7293. [PMID: 36052954 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01210c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fluorophoric [2]pseudorotaxanes {NiPR1(ClO4)2-NiPR3(ClO4)2} are synthesized by utilizing newly designed fluorophoric bidentate ligands (L1-L3) and a heteroditopic naphthalene containing macrocycle (NaphMC) with high yields via Ni(II) templation and π-π stacking interactions. Subsequently, a fluorophoric [2]rotaxane (NAPRTX) is established through a Cu(I) catalysed click reaction between an azide terminated pseudorotaxane, {NiPR4(ClO4)2}, which contains the newly designed fluorophoric ligand L4, and alkyne terminated bulky stopper units. All these fluorophoric [2]pseudorotaxanes and the [2]rotaxane were characterized using numerous techniques such as mass spectrometry, NMR, UV/Vis, PL, and elemental analysis, wherever applicable. Furthermore, to investigate the effect of the fluorophoric moieties, the coordinating ability of chelating units, and size and shape of the three dimensional cavity generated by the mechanical bond in the interlocked [2]rotaxane (NAPRTX), we have performed a sensing study of various metal ions. Thus, the interlocked [2]rotaxane is found to have potential as a selective fluorescent sensor for Zn(II) metal ions over other transition, alkali and alkaline earth metal ions, where the 2,2'-bipyridyl arylvinylene moiety of the axle acts as a fluorescence signalling unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Bej
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Mandira Nandi
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Pradyut Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India.
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Munasinghe VK, Pancholi J, Manawadu D, Zhang Z, Beer PD. Mechanical Bond Enhanced Lithium Halide Ion‐Pair Binding by Halogen Bonding Heteroditopic Rotaxanes**. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201209. [PMID: 35621330 PMCID: PMC9541756 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vihanga K. Munasinghe
- Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory Mansfield Road Oxford OX13TA UK
| | - Jessica Pancholi
- Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory Mansfield Road Oxford OX13TA UK
| | - Dilhan Manawadu
- Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory Oxford OX13QZ UK
| | - Zongyao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory Mansfield Road Oxford OX13TA UK
| | - Paul D. Beer
- Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory Mansfield Road Oxford OX13TA UK
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Nandi M, Bej S, Ghosh P. NDI-integrated rotaxane/catenane and their interactions with anions. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:13507-13514. [PMID: 35997084 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01908f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Complexation of alkali and alkaline earth metal ions with the heteroditopic Phen-ester oxy-ether macrocyclic wheel (PhenMC) is established for the synthesis of interlocked molecular systems. The single crystal X-ray structure of Na-bound PhenMC confirms the hexacoordinated geometry around the Na ion in the macrocycle. Further, Ca-ion-bound PhenMC (Ca-PhenMC) is explored with a fluorophoric azide-terminated NDI (naphthalene diimide) axle (NDIAz) for the synthesis of fluorophoric [2]rotaxane (NDIROT) and [2]catenane (NDICAT) via Cu(I)-catalyzed cycloaddition reaction. Characterizations of these two new interlocked molecular systems are performed by ESI-MS, NMR, UV-vis and PL spectroscopic studies wherever applicable. Moreover, the new molecular systems are explored towards anion sensing applications via colorimetric, UV-vis-NIR, PL and other spectroscopic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandira Nandi
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Somnath Bej
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Pradyut Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India.
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