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Fosnacht KG, Pluth MD. Activity-Based Fluorescent Probes for Hydrogen Sulfide and Related Reactive Sulfur Species. Chem Rev 2024; 124:4124-4257. [PMID: 38512066 PMCID: PMC11141071 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is not only a well-established toxic gas but also an important small molecule bioregulator in all kingdoms of life. In contemporary biology, H2S is often classified as a "gasotransmitter," meaning that it is an endogenously produced membrane permeable gas that carries out essential cellular processes. Fluorescent probes for H2S and related reactive sulfur species (RSS) detection provide an important cornerstone for investigating the multifaceted roles of these important small molecules in complex biological systems. A now common approach to develop such tools is to develop "activity-based probes" that couple a specific H2S-mediated chemical reaction to a fluorescent output. This Review covers the different types of such probes and also highlights the chemical mechanisms by which each probe type is activated by specific RSS. Common examples include reduction of oxidized nitrogen motifs, disulfide exchange, electrophilic reactions, metal precipitation, and metal coordination. In addition, we also outline complementary activity-based probes for imaging reductant-labile and sulfane sulfur species, including persulfides and polysulfides. For probes highlighted in this Review, we focus on small molecule systems with demonstrated compatibility in cellular systems or related applications. Building from breadth of reported activity-based strategies and application, we also highlight key unmet challenges and future opportunities for advancing activity-based probes for H2S and related RSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylin G. Fosnacht
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, and Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 97403-1253, United States
| | - Michael D. Pluth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, and Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 97403-1253, United States
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Kaur G, Rani R, Raina J, Singh I. Recent Advancements and Future Prospects in NBD-Based Fluorescent Chemosensors: Design Strategy, Sensing Mechanism, and Biological Applications. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024:1-41. [PMID: 38593050 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2024.2337869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the field of Supramolecular Chemistry has witnessed tremendous progress owing to the development of versatile optical sensors for the detection of harmful biological analytes. Nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD) is one such scaffold that has been exploited as fluorescent probes for selective recognition of harmful analytes and their optical imaging in various cell lines including HeLa, PC3, A549, SMMC-7721, MDA-MB-231, HepG2, MFC-7, etc. The NBD-derived molecular probes are majorly synthesized from the chloro derivative of NBD via nucleophilic aromatic substitution. This general NBD moiety ligation method to nucleophiles has been leveraged to develop various derivatives for sensing analytes. NBD-derived probes are extensively used as optical sensors because of remarkable properties like excellent stability, large Stoke's shift, high efficiency and stability, visible excitation, easy use, low cost, and high quantum yield. This article reviewed NBD-based probes for the years 2017-2023 according to the sensing of analyte(s), including cations, anions, thiols, and small molecules like hydrogen sulfide. The sensing mechanism, designing of the probe, plausible binding mechanism, and biological application of chemosensors are summarized. The real-time application of optical sensors has been discussed by various methods, such as paper strips, molecular logic gates, smartphone detection, development of test kits, etc. This article will update the researchers with the in vivo and in vitro biological applicability of NBD-based molecular probes and challenges the research fraternity to design, propose, and develop better chemosensors in the future possessing commercial utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurdeep Kaur
- School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Richa Rani
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jeevika Raina
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Iqubal Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
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Zhang L, Chen X, Wu WN, Zhao XL, Fan YC, Wang Y, Xu ZH, Nafady A, Al-Enizi AM, Ma S. A zeolitic imidazolate framework-90-based probe for fluorescent detection of mitochondrial hypochlorite in living cells and zebrafish. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:11062-11066. [PMID: 37519129 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00829k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
An inorganic-organic hybrid probe MP-ZIF-90 was synthesized via a simple condensation reaction based on the free CHO groups of zeolitic imidazolate framework-90 (ZIF-90) and 4-methyl-1-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzyl)pyridinium bromide (MP). This probe exhibited intense green emission, which was selectively quenched by the addition of ClO- anions. The response of probe MP-ZIF-90 toward ClO- was rapid (within 20 s) and sensitive, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.612 μM. Importantly, the utilization of the probe in the fluorescence imaging of ClO- anions in the mitochondria of living cells and zebrafish was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, P. R. China.
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, P. R. China.
| | - Wei-Na Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao-Lei Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, P. R. China.
| | - Yun-Chang Fan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, P. R. China.
| | - Yuan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, P. R. China.
| | - Zhi-Hong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Detection, College of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Xuchang University, Xuchang, 461000, P. R. China.
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Ayman Nafady
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Al-Enizi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shengqian Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, 76203-5070, USA.
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H 2S Sensors: Synthesis, Optical Properties, and Selected Biomedical Applications under Visible and NIR Light. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031295. [PMID: 36770961 PMCID: PMC9919052 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an essential signaling gas within the cell, and its endogenous levels are correlated with various health diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, Down's syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. Because it plays such diverse biological functions, being able to detect H2S quickly and accurately in vivo is an area of heightened scientific interest. Using probes that fluoresce in the near-infrared (NIR) region is an effective and convenient method of detecting H2S. This approach allows for compounds of high sensitivity and selectivity to be developed while minimizing cytotoxicity. Herein, we report a review on the synthesis, mechanisms, optical properties, and selected biomedical applications of H2S sensors.
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Liu B, Wang S, Xu M, Ma Y, Sun R, Ding H, Li L. The double-edged role of hydrogen sulfide in the pathomechanism of multiple liver diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:899859. [PMID: 36588686 PMCID: PMC9800830 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.899859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammalian systems, hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-one of the three known gaseous signaling molecules in mammals-has been found to have a variety of physiological functions. Existing studies have demonstrated that endogenous H2S is produced through enzymatic and non-enzymatic pathways. The liver is the body's largest solid organ and is essential for H2S synthesis and elimination. Mounting evidence suggests H2S has essential roles in various aspects of liver physiological processes and pathological conditions, such as hepatic lipid metabolism, liver fibrosis, liver ischemia‒reperfusion injury, hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatotoxicity, and acute liver failure. In this review, we discuss the functions and underlying molecular mechanisms of H2S in multiple liver pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bihan Liu
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Ma
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiguo Ding
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Lei Li,
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Peng J, Ju Q, An B, Yin Z, Wei N, Zhang Y. A super sensitive fluorescent probe for imaging endogenous hydrogen sulfide in living cells. Talanta 2022; 250:123741. [PMID: 35870284 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) that typically performs biphasic biological functions in organisms plays an opposite role at the concentrations above or below normal level of the organism. Therefore, it is significant to develop a fluorescent probe with high sensitivity and selectivity and rapid response for the detection of hydrogen sulfide in vivo. The work describes the design and biological applications of a novel turn-on fluorescence probe SS-N3 in which the quinoline quaternary ammonium salt derivative is introduced as the fluorescent skeleton and azide is employed as the detection group of H2S. The probe SS-N3 shows strong fluorescence at 610 nm, as the azide group is reduced to an amino group by H2S. The probe SS-N3 shows high selectivity to H2S than other anions and some biological mercaptans, and strong anti-interference capacity. In addition, the probe SS-N3 exhibits little cytotoxicity, improved photostability and large Stokes shift (135 nm), as well as can be effectively used as an indicator of H2S level in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Peng
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, 266073, China
| | - Qikai Ju
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, 266073, China
| | - Baoshuai An
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, 266073, China
| | - Zhengji Yin
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, 266073, China
| | - Ningning Wei
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, 266073, China.
| | - Yanru Zhang
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, 266073, China.
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Progress on the reaction-based methods for detection of endogenous hydrogen sulfide. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 414:2809-2839. [PMID: 34825272 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03777-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a biologically signaling molecule that mediates a wide range of physiological functions, which is frequently misregulated in numerous pathological processes. As such, measurement of H2S holds great attention due to its unique physiological and pathophysiological roles. Currently, a variety of methods based on the H2S-involved reactions have been reported for detection of endogenous H2S, bearing the advantages of good specificity and high sensitivity. This review describes in detail the types of reactions, their mechanisms, and their applications in biological research, thus hopefully providing some guidelines to the researchers in this field for further investigation.
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A new sensitive “turn-on” fluorescent probe based on naphthalimide: Application in visual recognition of hydrogen sulfide in environmental samples and living cells. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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