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Cirri D, Marzo T, Mastrorilli P, Petrelli V, Todisco S, De Giglio E, Gellini C, Ricci M, Pratesi A, Messori L. Description of a Non-Canonical AsPt Blue Species Originating from the Aerobic Oxidation of AP-1 in Aqueous Solution. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7408. [PMID: 39000514 PMCID: PMC11242394 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The peculiar behavior of arsenoplatin-1, ([Pt(µ-NHC(CH3)O)2ClAs(OH)2], AP-1), in aqueous solution and the progressive appearance of a characteristic and intense blue color led us to carry out a more extensive investigation to determine the nature of this elusive chemical species, which we named "AsPt blue". A multi-technique approach was therefore implemented to describe the processes involved in the formation of AsPt blue, and some characteristic features of this intriguing species were revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Cirri
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Tiziano Marzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Piero Mastrorilli
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building and Chemical Engineering (DICATECh), Polytechnic University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (P.M.); (V.P.); (S.T.)
| | - Valentina Petrelli
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building and Chemical Engineering (DICATECh), Polytechnic University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (P.M.); (V.P.); (S.T.)
| | - Stefano Todisco
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building and Chemical Engineering (DICATECh), Polytechnic University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (P.M.); (V.P.); (S.T.)
| | - Elvira De Giglio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Cristina Gellini
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (C.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Marilena Ricci
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (C.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Alessandro Pratesi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Luigi Messori
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (C.G.); (M.R.)
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Tolbatov I, Cirri D, Tarchi M, Marzo T, Coletti C, Marrone A, Messori L, Re N, Massai L. Reactions of Arsenoplatin-1 with Protein Targets: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:3240-3248. [PMID: 35137586 PMCID: PMC8864615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Arsenoplatin-1 (AP-1) is a dual-action anticancer metallodrug with a promising pharmacological profile that features the simultaneous presence of a cisplatin-like center and an arsenite center. We investigated its interactions with proteins through a joint experimental and theoretical approach. The reactivity of AP-1 with a variety of proteins, including carbonic anhydrase (CA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), myoglobin (Mb), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and human serum albumin (HSA), was analyzed by means of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI MS) measurements. In accordance with previous observations, ESI MS experiments revealed that the obtained metallodrug-protein adducts originated from the binding of the [(AP-1)-Cl]+ fragment to accessible protein residues. Remarkably, in two cases, i.e., Mb and GAPDH, the formation of a bound metallic fragment that lacked the arsenic center was highlighted. The reactions of AP-1 with various nucleophiles side chains of neutral histidine, methionine, cysteine, and selenocysteine, in neutral form as well as cysteine and selenocysteine in anionic form, were subsequently analyzed through a computational approach. We found that the aquation of AP-1 is energetically disfavored, with a reaction free energy of +19.2 kcal/mol demonstrating that AP-1 presumably attacks its biological targets through the exchange of the chloride ligand. The theoretical analysis of thermodynamics and kinetics for the ligand-exchange processes of AP-1 with His, Met, Cys, Sec, Cys-, and Sec- side chain models unveils that only neutral histidine and deprotonated cysteine and selenocysteine are able to effectively replace the chloride ligand in AP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iogann Tolbatov
- Institut
de Chimie Moleculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB),
Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), Avenue Alain Savary 9, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Damiano Cirri
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University
of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi
13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Tarchi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Tiziano Marzo
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- CISUP
- Centre for Instrumentation Sharing (Centro per l’Integrazione
della Strumentazione Scientifica), University
of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- University
Consortium for Research in the Chemistry of Metal ions in Biological
Systems (CIRCMSB), Via
Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Cecilia Coletti
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università “G
d’Annunzio” di Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66013, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessandro Marrone
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università “G
d’Annunzio” di Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66013, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luigi Messori
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Nazzareno Re
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università “G
d’Annunzio” di Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66013, Chieti, Italy
| | - Lara Massai
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Thermodynamic Evaluation of the Interactions between Anticancer Pt(II) Complexes and Model Proteins. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082376. [PMID: 33921819 PMCID: PMC8072931 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we have analysed the binding of the Pt(II) complexes ([PtCl(4′-phenyl-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine)](CF3SO3) (1), [PtI(4′-phenyl-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine)](CF3SO3) (2) and [PtCl(1,3-di(2-pyridyl)benzene) (3)] with selected model proteins (hen egg-white lysozyme, HEWL, and ribonuclease A, RNase A). Platinum coordination compounds are intensively studied to develop improved anticancer agents. In this regard, a critical issue is the possible role of Pt-protein interactions in their mechanisms of action. Multiple techniques such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and UV-Vis absorbance titrations were used to enlighten the details of the binding to the different biosubstrates. On the one hand, it may be concluded that the affinity of 3 for the proteins is low. On the other hand, 1 and 2 strongly bind them, but with major binding mode differences when switching from HEWL to RNase A. Both 1 and 2 bind to HEWL with a non-specific (DSC) and non-covalent (ESI-MS) binding mode, dominated by a 1:1 binding stoichiometry (UV-Vis). ESI-MS data indicate a protein-driven chloride loss that does not convert into a covalent bond, likely due to the unfavourable complexes’ geometries and steric hindrance. This result, together with the significant changes of the absorbance profiles of the complex upon interaction, suggest an electrostatic binding mode supported by some stacking interaction of the aromatic ligand. Very differently, in the case of RNase A, slow formation of covalent adducts occurs (DSC, ESI-MS). The reactivity is higher for the iodo-compound 2, in agreement with iodine lability higher than chlorine.
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Arsenoplatin-Ferritin Nanocage: Structure and Cytotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041874. [PMID: 33668605 PMCID: PMC7918638 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenoplatin-1 (AP-1), the prototype of a novel class of metallodrugs containing a PtAs(OH)2 core, was encapsulated within the apoferritin (AFt) nanocage. UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy measurements confirmed metallodrug encapsulation and allowed us to determine the average amount of AP-1 trapped inside the cage. The X-ray structure of AP-1-encapsulated AFt was solved at 1.50 Å. Diffraction data revealed that an AP-1 fragment coordinates the side chain of a His residue. The biological activity of AP-1-loaded AFt was comparatively tested on a few representative cancer and non-cancer cell lines. Even though the presence of the cage reduces the overall cytotoxicity of AP-1, it improves its selectivity towards cancer cells.
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Abstract
Recent advances in structural studies unveiling the basis of the metal compounds/protein recognition process are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonello Merlino
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Naples Federico II
- Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo
- Napoli
- Italy
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