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Liu X, Huang L, Ma Y, She G, Zhou P, Zhu L, Zhang Z. Enable biomass-derived alcohols mediated alkylation and transfer hydrogenation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7012. [PMID: 39147765 PMCID: PMC11327299 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51307-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
A single-atom catalyst with generally regarded inert Zn-N4 motifs derived from ZIF-8 is unexpectedly efficient for the activation of alcohols, enabling alcohol-mediated alkylation and transfer hydrogenation. C-alkylation of nitriles, ketones, alcohols, N-heterocycles, amides, keto acids, and esters, and N-alkylation of amines and amides all go smoothly with the developed method. Taking the α-alkylation of nitriles with alcohols as an example, the α-alkylation starts from the (1) nitrogen-doped carbon support catalyzed dehydrogenation of alcohols into aldehydes, which further condensed with nitriles to give vinyl nitriles, followed by (2) transfer hydrogenation of C=C bonds in vinyl nitriles on Zn-N4 sites. The experimental results and DFT calculations reveal that the Lewis acidic Zn-N4 sites promote step (2) by activating the alcohols. This is the first example of highly efficient single-atom catalysts for various organic transformations with biomass-derived alcohols as the alkylating reagents and hydrogen donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Sciences of the Ministry of Education, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuandie Ma
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Sciences of the Ministry of Education, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoqiang She
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Sciences of the Ministry of Education, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Sciences of the Ministry of Education, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liangfang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zehui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Sciences of the Ministry of Education, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China.
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2
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Boity B, Sidiqque M, Rit A. Amine-functionalized bifunctional Co III-NHC complexes: highly effective phosphine-free catalysts for the α-alkylation of nitriles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:3142-3145. [PMID: 38328819 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05454c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Newly developed amine functionalized NHC-supported CoIII-complexes have been identified as highly effective bifunctional catalysts for the α-alkylation of nitriles using a plethora of alcohols, ranging from aliphatic to aromatic and intriguingly, also secondary ones. Comparison of their activities with the non-bifunctional analogues uncovered their extremely high activities although possessing the high-valent CoIII-center due to metal-ligand cooperativity, which has been established by an array of control experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswaranjan Boity
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
| | - Misba Sidiqque
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
| | - Arnab Rit
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
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3
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Donthireddy SNR, Rit A. Heteroditopic NHC Ligand Supported Manganese(I) Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Activity as Non-bifunctional Phosphine-Free Catalyst for the α-Alkylation of Nitriles. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302504. [PMID: 37807667 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, several manganese(I) complexes of chelating heteroditopic ligands Mn1-3, featuring ImNHC (imidazol-2-ylidene) connected to a 1,2,3-triazole-N or tzNHC (1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidene) donors via a methylene spacer, with possible modifications at the triazole backbone have been synthesized and completely characterized. Notably, the CO stretching frequencies, electrochemical analysis, and frontier orbital analysis certainly suggest that the chelating ImNHC-tzNHC ligands have stronger donation capabilities than the related ImNHC-Ntz ligand in the synthesized complexes. Moreover, these well-defined phosphine-free Mn(I)-NHC complexes have been found to be effective non-bifunctional catalysts for the α-alkylation of nitriles using alcohols and importantly, the catalyst Mn1 containing ImNHC connected to a weaker triazole-N donor displayed higher activity compared to Mn2/Mn3 containing an unsymmetrical bis-carbene donors (ImNHC and tzNHC). A wide range of aryl nitriles were coupled with diverse (hetero)aromatic as well as aliphatic alcohols to get the corresponding products in good to excellent yields (32 examples, up to 95 % yield). The detailed mechanistic studies including deuterium labelling experiments reveal that the reaction follows a Borrowing Hydrogen pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arnab Rit
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
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4
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Putta RR, Chun S, Lee SB, Hong J, Choi SH, Oh DC, Hong S. Chemoselective α-Alkylation and α-Olefination of Arylacetonitriles with Alcohols via Iron-Catalyzed Borrowing Hydrogen and Dehydrogenative Coupling. J Org Chem 2022; 87:16378-16389. [PMID: 36417466 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
α-Alkyl and α-olefin nitriles are very important for organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry. However, different types of catalysts are employed to achieve either α-alkylation of nitriles by borrowing hydrogen or α-olefination by dehydrogenative coupling methods. Designing and developing high-performance earth-abundant catalysts that can procure different products from the same starting materials remain a great challenge. Herein, we report an iron(0) catalyst system that achieves chemoselectivity between borrowing hydrogen and dehydrogenative coupling protocols by simply changing the base. A broad range of nitriles and alcohols, including benzylic, linear aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, heterocyclic, and allylic alcohols, were selectively and efficiently converted to the corresponding products. Mechanistic studies reveal that the reaction mechanism proceeds through a dehydrogenative pathway. This iron catalytic protocol is environmentally benign and atom-efficient with the liberation of H2 and H2O as green byproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramachandra Reddy Putta
- BK 21 Plus Project, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Simin Chun
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Beom Lee
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhwa Hong
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Choi
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Chan Oh
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Suckchang Hong
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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5
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Genç S, Arslan B, Gülcemal D, Gülcemal S, Günnaz S. Nickel-catalyzed alkylation of ketones and nitriles with primary alcohols. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:9753-9762. [PMID: 36448637 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01787c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Nickel(II)-salen or nickel(II)-salphen catalyzed α-alkylation of ketones and nitriles with primary alcohols is reported. Various α-alkylated ketones and nitriles were obtained in high yields through a borrowing hydrogen strategy by using 1-3 mol% of nickel catalyst and a catalytic amount of NaOH (5-10 mol%) under aerobic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sertaç Genç
- Ege University, Department of Chemistry, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Burcu Arslan
- Ege University, Department of Chemistry, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Derya Gülcemal
- Ege University, Department of Chemistry, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Süleyman Gülcemal
- Ege University, Department of Chemistry, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Salih Günnaz
- Ege University, Department of Chemistry, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
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6
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Kishore PS, Gujjarappa R, Putta VPRK, Polina S, Singh V, Malakar CC, Pujar PP. Potassium
tert
‐Butoxide‐Mediated Synthesis of 2‐Aminoquinolines from Alkylnitriles and 2‐Aminobenzaldehyde Derivatives. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Raghuram Gujjarappa
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Manipur, Langol Imphal 795004 Manipur India
| | | | - Saibabu Polina
- Department of Chemistry CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Bangalore 560029 India
| | - Virender Singh
- Department of Chemistry Central University of Punjab Bathinda 151001 Punjab India
| | - Chandi C. Malakar
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Manipur, Langol Imphal 795004 Manipur India
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7
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Jafarzadeh M, Sobhani SH, Gajewski K, Kianmehr E. Recent advances in C/ N-alkylation with alcohols through hydride transfer strategies. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:7713-7745. [PMID: 36169049 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00706a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the most recent reports in three powerful and ever-growing fields of borrowing hydrogen, acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling, and base-mediated hydride transfer strategies; which pave the way for generating reactive intermediates via shuttling hydrogen (or hydride) between starting materials without any need for an external hydrogen source to easily construct more complex structures. There is a thorough focus on diversifying the utility of alcohols for C/N-alkylation leading to the synthesis of branched ketones, alcohols, amines, indols, and 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocycles such as pyridines and pyrimidines, various transformations with the focus on C-C and C-N bond-forming reactions via metal-based catalysis or metal-free approaches in this context to give a global overview in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Jafarzadeh
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614411, Iran.
| | - Seyed Hasan Sobhani
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614411, Iran.
| | | | - Ebrahim Kianmehr
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614411, Iran.
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8
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Tabasi NS, Genç S, Gülcemal D. Tuning the selectivity in iridium-catalyzed acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling of primary alcohols. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:6582-6592. [PMID: 35913502 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01142e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling of primary alcohols to carboxylic acids/carboxylates, esters, and Guerbet alcohols (via both homo- and cross-β-alkylation of the alcohols) in the presence of an N-heterocyclic carbene iridium(I) catalyst was developed under aerobic conditions. The product selectivity can be easily tuned among the products with a single catalyst through simple modification of the reaction conditions, such as the catalyst and base amounts, the choice of base, and the reaction temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihal S Tabasi
- Ege University, Chemistry Department, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Sertaç Genç
- Ege University, Chemistry Department, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Derya Gülcemal
- Ege University, Chemistry Department, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
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9
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Song YL, Li B, Xie ZB, Wang D, Sun HM. Iron-Catalyzed Oxidative Amination of Benzylic C(sp 3)-H Bonds with Anilines. J Org Chem 2021; 86:17975-17985. [PMID: 34860531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Iron-catalyzed oxidative amination of benzylic C(sp3)-H bonds with anilines bearing electron-withdrawing groups (EWGs) or electron-donating groups (EDGs) is realized based on simple variations of N-substituents on imidazolium cations in novel ionic Fe(III) complexes. The structural modification of the imidazolium cation resulted in regulation of the redox potential and the catalytic performance of the iron metal center. Using DTBP as oxidant, [HItBu][FeBr4] showed the highest catalytic activity for anilines bearing EWGs, while [HIPym][FeBr4] was more efficient for EDG-substituted anilines. This work provides alternative access to benzylamines with the advantages of both a wide substrate scope and iron catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ling Song
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Bei Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Zhen-Biao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Hong-Mei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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10
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Ovezova M, Eroğlu Z, Metin Ö, Çetinkaya B, Gülcemal S. Unveiling the catalytic nature of palladium-N-heterocyclic carbene catalysts in the α-alkylation of ketones with primary alcohols. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:10896-10908. [PMID: 34308936 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01704g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report herein the synthesis of four new Pd-PEPPSI complexes with backbone-modified N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands and their application as catalysts in the α-alkylation of ketones with primary alcohols using a borrowing hydrogen process and tandem Suzuki-Miyaura coupling/α-alkylation reactions. Among the synthesized Pd-PEPPSI complexes, complex 2c having 4-methoxyphenyl groups at the 4,5-positions and 4-methoxybenzyl substituents on the N-atoms of imidazole exhibited the highest catalytic activity in the α-alkylation of ketones with primary alcohols (18 examples) with yields reaching up to 95%. Additionally, complex 2c was demonstrated to be an effective catalyst for the tandem Suzuki-Miyaura-coupling/α-alkylation of ketones to give biaryl ketones with high yields. The heterogeneous nature of the present catalytic system was verified by mercury poisoning and hot filtration experiments. Moreover, the formation of NHC-stabilized Pd(0) nanoparticles during the α-alkylation reactions was identified by advanced analytical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamajan Ovezova
- Department of Chemistry, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Zafer Eroğlu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey. and Nanoscience and Nanoengineering Division, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Önder Metin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Bekir Çetinkaya
- Department of Chemistry, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey.
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11
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Genç S, Gülcemal S, Günnaz S, Çetinkaya B, Gülcemal D. Synthesis of α-Alkylated Ketones via Selective Epoxide Opening/Alkylation Reactions with Primary Alcohols. Org Lett 2021; 23:5229-5234. [PMID: 34143639 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A new method for converting terminal epoxides and primary alcohols into α-alkylated ketones under borrowing hydrogen conditions is reported. The procedure involves a one-pot epoxide ring opening and alkylation via primary alcohols in the presence of an N-heterocyclic carbene iridium(I) catalyst, under aerobic conditions, with water as the side product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sertaç Genç
- Ege University, Chemistry Department, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Salih Günnaz
- Ege University, Chemistry Department, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Bekir Çetinkaya
- Ege University, Chemistry Department, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Derya Gülcemal
- Ege University, Chemistry Department, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
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12
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Zhu G, Duan ZC, Zhu H, Qi M, Wang D. Iridium and copper supported on silicon dioxide as chemoselective catalysts for dehydrogenation and borrowing hydrogen reactions. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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