1
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Li L, Bai Z, Gao P, Lei T. Porous Ni 3Fe intermetallic compounds as efficient and stable catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline solutions. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:12360-12367. [PMID: 37593791 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02222f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
It is crucial to develop cost-effective novel non-noble metal catalysts with high activity and durability for large-scale industrial hydrogen production via water splitting. Here, based on a facile powder metallurgy method, Ni3Fe intermetallic electrodes with porous structures and controllable phases have been designed and fabricated by sintering mixed Ni and Fe powders under an Ar atmosphere. The effects of sintering temperature on the morphology, porous structure and phase composition of the intermetallic were studied. The resultant Ni3Fe-900 intermetallic electrode exhibits promising HER activity in alkaline electrolytes with an overpotential of 112 mV to drive a current density of 10 mA cm-2. Additionally, the Ni3Fe-900 intermetallic electrode shows good alkali corrosion resistance and stability in the HER process at a current density as high as 500 mA cm-2 for 24 h with no significant changes of the surface morphology, porous structure and phases. The efficient HER performance of the Ni3Fe-900 electrode is attributed to the unique intrinsic activity of the intermetallic electrode, increased accessible active sites originating from the porous structure and accelerated charge transfer. This work provides new insights into the design of electrocatalysts for industrial large-scale hydrogen production by water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Powder Metallurgy Institute, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Zhongzhe Bai
- Powder Metallurgy Institute, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Pingping Gao
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of New Energy Vehicle Lightweight, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan, 411104, PR China.
| | - Ting Lei
- Powder Metallurgy Institute, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
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2
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Zhou H, Wei Z, Nyaaba AA, Kang Z, Liu Y, Chen C, Zhu J, Ji X, Zhu G. Ligand leaching enabling improved electrocatalytic oxygen evolution performance. Dalton Trans 2023. [PMID: 37448344 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02012f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Design and fabrication of cost-effective (pre-)catalysts are important for water splitting and metal-air batteries. In this direction, various metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been investigated as pre-catalysts for oxygen evolution. However, the activation process and the complex reconstruction behaviour of these MOFs are not well understood. Herein, square-like MOF nanosheets in which carbon nanotubes were embedded were prepared by introducing an amine ligand to coordinate with Ni ions and then reacting with [Fe(CN)6]3-. The formed MOF nanosheets containing nickel and iron species were then activated by NaBH4, inducing the leaching of ligands and the formation of tiny active species in situ loaded on carbon nanotubes. The prepared catalyst shows superior oxygen evolution performance with an ultralow overpotential of 231 mV for 10 mA cm-2, a fast reaction kinetics with a small Tafel slope of 52.3 mV dec-1, and outstanding catalysis stability. The excellent electrocatalytic performance for oxygen evolution can be attributed to the structural advantage of in situ derived small sized active species and one-dimensional conductive networks. This work provides a new thought for the enhancement of the electrocatalytic performance of MOF materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Zi Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Albert Akeno Nyaaba
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Ziliang Kang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Yashu Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Caiyao Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Jun Zhu
- Faculty of Transportation Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Xiafang Ji
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Guoxing Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
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3
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Zhou Q, Xu C, Hou J, Ma W, Jian T, Yan S, Liu H. Duplex Interpenetrating-Phase FeNiZn and FeNi 3 Heterostructure with Low-Gibbs Free Energy Interface Coupling for Highly Efficient Overall Water Splitting. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:95. [PMID: 37037951 PMCID: PMC10086094 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01066-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The sluggish kinetics of both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) generate the large overpotential in water electrolysis and thus high-cost hydrogen production. Here, multidimensional nanoporous interpenetrating-phase FeNiZn alloy and FeNi3 intermetallic heterostructure is in situ constructed on NiFe foam (FeNiZn/FeNi3@NiFe) by dealloying protocol. Coupling with the eminent synergism among specific constituents and the highly efficient mass transport from integrated porous backbone, FeNiZn/FeNi3@NiFe depicts exceptional bifunctional activities for water splitting with extremely low overpotentials toward OER and HER (η1000 = 367/245 mV) as well as the robust durability during the 400 h testing in alkaline solution. The as-built water electrolyzer with FeNiZn/FeNi3@NiFe as both anode and cathode exhibits record-high performances for sustainable hydrogen output in terms of much lower cell voltage of 1.759 and 1.919 V to deliver the current density of 500 and 1000 mA cm-2 as well long working lives. Density functional theory calculations disclose that the interface interaction between FeNiZn alloy and FeNi3 intermetallic generates the modulated electron structure state and optimized intermediate chemisorption, thus diminishing the energy barriers for hydrogen production in water splitting. With the merits of fine performances, scalable fabrication, and low cost, FeNiZn/FeNi3@NiFe holds prospective application potential as the bifunctional electrocatalyst for water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxia Zhou
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), Spintronics Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China
- School of Medical Information and Engineering, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Caixia Xu
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), Spintronics Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiagang Hou
- Kyiv College at Qilu University of Technology, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqing Ma
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), Spintronics Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianzhen Jian
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), Spintronics Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Shishen Yan
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), Spintronics Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Liu
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), Spintronics Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Dai FF, Xue YX, Gao DL, Liu YX, Chen JH, Lin QJ, Lin WW, Yang Q. Facile fabrication of self-supporting porous CuMoO 4@Co 3O 4 nanosheets as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for efficient overall water splitting. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:12736-12745. [PMID: 35946555 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01613c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Research shows that redox complementarity and synergism among the ingredients of heterogeneous catalysts can enhance the performance of the catalyst. In this research, a porous CuMoO4@Co3O4 nanosheet electrocatalyst is prepared, which is uniformly decorated on nickel foam (NF) by hydrothermal reactions and the impregnation method. The CuMoO4@Co3O4 is an efficient bifunctional catalyst with prominent electrocatalytic activity and durability. It requires overpotentials of only 54 and 251 mV to obtain current densities of 10 and 50 mA cm-2 for the cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in 1.0 mol L-1 KOH, corresponding to Tafel slope values of 98.8 and 87.4 mV dec-1, respectively. Furthermore, the CuMoO4@Co3O4 shows excellent stability of 120 h chronopotentiometry at a current density of 100 mA cm-2 for the HER/OER. Notably, an alkaline electrolyzer (with CuMoO4@Co3O4 as the HER and OER electrodes) can deliver a current density of 10 mA cm-2 at a low voltage of 1.51 V. The catalytic activity of CuMoO4@Co3O4 can be attributed to the structure of the porous nanosheets and the synergistic effect between CuMoO4 and Co3O4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Fei Dai
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, PR China.
| | - Yan Xue Xue
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, PR China.
| | - Ding Ling Gao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, PR China.
| | - Yu Xiang Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, PR China.
| | - Jian Hua Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, PR China. .,Fujian Province University Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, PR China
| | - Qiao Jing Lin
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, PR China.
| | - Wei Wei Lin
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, PR China.
| | - Qian Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, PR China. .,Fujian Province University Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, PR China
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5
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V2O3/FeOOH with rich heterogeneous interfaces on Ni foam for efficient oxygen evolution reaction. CATAL COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2021.106393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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6
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Jin C, Hou M, Li X, Liu D, Qu D, Dong Y, Xie Z, Zhang C. Rapid electrodeposition of Fe-doped nickel selenides on Ni foam as a bi-functional electrocatalyst for water splitting in alkaline solution. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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7
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Dong Y, Liu Q, Qi C, Zhang G, Jiang X, Gao D. Surface nitriding to improve the catalytic performance of FeNi 3 for the oxygen evolution reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:12592-12595. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04367j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the oxygen evolution reaction, optimized Fe/Ni–Nx@FeNi3 nanosheets exhibit an overpotential of 251 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and an excellent durability of 210 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucan Dong
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of MOE, Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design of MOE, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Qun Liu
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of MOE, Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design of MOE, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Caiyun Qi
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of MOE, Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design of MOE, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Guoqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of MOE, Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design of MOE, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xingdong Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of MOE, Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design of MOE, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Daqiang Gao
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of MOE, Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design of MOE, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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8
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Wang F, Liu Z, Zhang K, Zha Q, Ni Y. Ce-Doped Ni-S nanosheets on Ni foam supported NiMoO 4 micropillars: fast electrodeposition, improved electrocatalytic activity and ultralong durability for the oxygen evolution reaction in various electrolytes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:17774-17784. [PMID: 34816851 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03266f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Developing active, durable, and inexpensive electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is drawing increased interest. Here, a mild hydrothermal-electrodeposition two-step route is designed for the preparation of Ce-doped Ni-S@NiMoO4 micropillar composites on nickel foam (CeNiS@NiMoO4/NF). The as-constructed CeNiS@NiMoO4/NF electrode shows an ultralow overpotential, fast kinetics, superb intrinsic activity and excellent long-term stability for the OER. In 1 M KOH solution, 187 mV overpotential is required to deliver a current density of 10 mA cm-2 with a Tafel slope of 35.28 mV dec-1, and in a saline-alkaline solution of 1 M KOH and 0.5 M NaCl, only 260 mV overpotential is needed to reach 100 mA cm-2, demonstrating its excellent OER performance. The above outstanding electrocatalytic activity is attributed to the influence of CeNiS nanosheets on the surface microstructure of NiMoO4 micropillars, which not only improves the conductivity of the catalyst, but also increases the surface area, as well as accelerates the escape of gases produced. Compared with other non-precious metal OER electrocatalysts, the as-prepared CeNiS@NiMoO4/NF presents stronger or close electrocatalytic activity and better durability, which provides a new electrocatalyst selection in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Energy Vehicle Battery Energy-Storage Materials, Anhui Normal University, 189 Jiuhua Southern Road, Wuhu, 241002, PR China.
| | - Zihao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Energy Vehicle Battery Energy-Storage Materials, Anhui Normal University, 189 Jiuhua Southern Road, Wuhu, 241002, PR China.
| | - Kuanjian Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Energy Vehicle Battery Energy-Storage Materials, Anhui Normal University, 189 Jiuhua Southern Road, Wuhu, 241002, PR China.
| | - Qingqing Zha
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Energy Vehicle Battery Energy-Storage Materials, Anhui Normal University, 189 Jiuhua Southern Road, Wuhu, 241002, PR China.
| | - Yonghong Ni
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Energy Vehicle Battery Energy-Storage Materials, Anhui Normal University, 189 Jiuhua Southern Road, Wuhu, 241002, PR China.
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9
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Hao W, Fan J, Xu X, Zhang Y, Lv H, Wang S, Deng S, Weng S, Guo Y. Sulfur doped FeO x nanosheet arrays supported on nickel foam for efficient alkaline seawater splitting. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:13312-13319. [PMID: 34608917 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02506f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Developing economical, efficient and stable bifunctional catalysts for hydrogen production from seawater is of great significance for hydrogen utilization. Herein, sulfur doped iron oxide nanosheet arrays supported on nickel foam (FeOx-Ni3S2@NF) are prepared by a one-pot solvothermal reaction. Owing to the high intrinsic activity of FeOx-Ni3S2, the large catalytic specific surface area of nanosheet arrays and the fast charge transportation capability achieved by the self-supporting configuration, the FeOx-Ni3S2@NF electrode delivers excellent catalytic performance in alkaline simulated seawater (1 M KOH + 0.5 M NaCl). Impressively, a low overpotential of 120 mV at 50 mA cm-2 with a Tafel slope of 57 mV dec-1 for the hydrogen evolution reaction and an overpotential of 470 mV at 200 mA cm-2 with a Tafel slope of 62 mV dec-1 for the oxygen evolution reaction are achieved. More importantly, the voltage is only 1.5 V at 50 mA cm-2 for continuous overall water splitting for 100 h at 200 mA cm-2 with negligible decay in alkaline simulated seawater with almost 100% Faraday efficiency. This work provides a simple and universal strategy to prepare highly efficient bifunctional catalytic materials, promoting the development of Earth-abundant materials to catalyse seawater splitting to produce high-purity hydrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiju Hao
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
| | - Jinli Fan
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
| | - Xia Xu
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
| | - Yiran Zhang
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
| | - Haiyang Lv
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
| | - Shige Wang
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
| | - Shengwei Deng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Shuo Weng
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
| | - Yanhui Guo
- Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
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Tahmasebi Z, Mohammadi Zardkhoshoui A, Hosseiny Davarani SS. Facile synthesis of Fe-doped CoP nanosheet arrays wrapped by graphene for overall water splitting. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:12168-12178. [PMID: 34519748 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02183d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of durable, beneficial, and highly active non-precious metal-based electrocatalysts for hydrogen generation is a vital concern. This study proposes an effective strategy for the construction of Fe doped CoP nanosheet arrays wrapped by graphene (F0.25CP-G) on nickel foam as an efficient electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In this design, the final catalyst possesses a combination of the high conductivity of graphene, great surface porosity, and the intrinsic electrocatalytic activity of the F0.25CP-G which results in high-performance electrocatalytic activity toward the HER and OER. Therefore, the as-synthesized F0.25CP-G catalyst can achieve overpotentials of 66 mV and 230 mV for the HER and OER, respectively, in KOH at 10 mA cm-2. Furthermore, a practical electrolyzer (F0.25CP-G||F0.25CP-G) exhibits a current density of 10 mA cm-2 at 1.60 V along with good durability for 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Tahmasebi
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., 1983963113, Evin, Tehran, Iran..
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Wani AA, Bhat MM, Sofi FA, Bhat SA, Ingole PP, Rashid N, Bhat MA. Nano-spinel cobalt decorated sulphur doped graphene: an efficient and durable electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction and non-enzymatic sensing of H 2O 2. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj02383g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of a nano-spinel cobalt decorated sulphur doped reduced graphene oxide (Co@S–rGO) composite exhibiting excellent electrocatalytic performance and electrochemical stability toward oxygen evolution reaction in an alkaline medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Amin Wani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Srinagar, India
| | | | - Feroz Ahmad Sofi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Srinagar, India
| | - Sajad Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Srinagar, India
| | - Pravin P. Ingole
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India
| | - Nusrat Rashid
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India
| | - Mohsin Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Srinagar, India
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