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Quintieri L, Fanelli F, Monaci L, Fusco V. Milk and Its Derivatives as Sources of Components and Microorganisms with Health-Promoting Properties: Probiotics and Bioactive Peptides. Foods 2024; 13:601. [PMID: 38397577 PMCID: PMC10888271 DOI: 10.3390/foods13040601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Milk is a source of many valuable nutrients, including minerals, vitamins and proteins, with an important role in adult health. Milk and dairy products naturally containing or with added probiotics have healthy functional food properties. Indeed, probiotic microorganisms, which beneficially affect the host by improving the intestinal microbial balance, are recognized to affect the immune response and other important biological functions. In addition to macronutrients and micronutrients, biologically active peptides (BPAs) have been identified within the amino acid sequences of native milk proteins; hydrolytic reactions, such as those catalyzed by digestive enzymes, result in their release. BPAs directly influence numerous biological pathways evoking behavioral, gastrointestinal, hormonal, immunological, neurological, and nutritional responses. The addition of BPAs to food products or application in drug development could improve consumer health and provide therapeutic strategies for the treatment or prevention of diseases. Herein, we review the scientific literature on probiotics, BPAs in milk and dairy products, with special attention to milk from minor species (buffalo, sheep, camel, yak, donkey, etc.); safety assessment will be also taken into consideration. Finally, recent advances in foodomics to unveil the probiotic role in human health and discover novel active peptide sequences will also be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Fanelli
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Sciences of Food Production (CNR-ISPA), 70126 Bari, Italy; (L.Q.); (L.M.); (V.F.)
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Tsuboi N, Sasaki T, Haruhara K. Dairy intake and the risk of incidental hypertension. Hypertens Res 2022; 45:1511-1513. [PMID: 35732825 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-022-00966-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Tsuboi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takaya Sasaki
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotaro Haruhara
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Song H, Fu Q, Huang K, Zou Z, Chen L, Chen H, Ge S, Wang J, Guan X. Digestion characteristics of quinoa, barley and mungbean proteins and the effects of their simulated gastrointestinal digests on CCK secretion in enteroendocrine STC-1 cells. Food Funct 2022; 13:6233-6243. [PMID: 35587126 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00243d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The demand for plant-based proteins has been rapidly increasing due to sustainability, ethical and health reasons. The present study aimed to investigate the digestion characteristics of three plant proteins (quinoa, barley and mungbean) based on an in vitro digestion model and the effect of their simulated gastrointestinal digests on satiety hormone cholecystokinin (CCK) secretion in enteroendocrine STC-1 cells. The nitrogen distribution in the digestion process, the relative molecular weight (MW) of peptides and the amino acid composition in simulated gastrointestinal digests were characterized. Quinoa protein had the highest proportion of soluble nitrogen after gastrointestinal digestion (85.79%), followed by barley protein (74.98%) and mungbean protein (64.14%), suggesting that quinoa protein was more easily digested than barley and mungbean proteins. The peptides but not free amino acids were the main components in the gastrointestinal digests of quinoa, barley, and mungbean proteins. The gastrointestinal digest of quinoa protein had a well balanced amino acid pattern, whereas that of barley protein was lacking Lys, and that of the mungbean protein was short of sulfur amino acids (Phe + Tyr) but rich in Lys. In terms of the ability to stimulate CCK secretion, the gastrointestinal digest of barley protein had a strong stimulatory effect on CCK secretion, while that of quinoa and mungbean proteins had only a weak stimulatory effect. After pretreatment with a specific calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) antagonist NPS 2143, CCK secretion induced by the barley protein digest was greatly suppressed, indicating that CaSR was involved in barley protein digest-induced CCK secretion. These results show that quinoa protein has good nutritional quality, while barley protein is an excellent plant protein source to stimulate CCK secretion and has a potential application as a dietary supplement for obesity management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongdong Song
- School of Health Science and Engineering, National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Qiuyun Fu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Kai Huang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Zhiying Zou
- School of Health Science and Engineering, National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Limin Chen
- School of Health Science and Engineering, National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Hulin Chen
- School of Health Science and Engineering, National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Shaocheng Ge
- School of Health Science and Engineering, National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Xiao Guan
- School of Health Science and Engineering, National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
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Cardioprotective Peptides from Milk Processing and Dairy Products: From Bioactivity to Final Products including Commercialization and Legislation. Foods 2022; 11:foods11091270. [PMID: 35563993 PMCID: PMC9101964 DOI: 10.3390/foods11091270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research has revealed the potential of peptides derived from dairy products preventing cardiovascular disorders, one of the main causes of death worldwide. This review provides an overview of the main cardioprotective effects (assayed in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo) of bioactive peptides derived from different dairy processing methods (fermentation and enzymatic hydrolysis) and dairy products (yogurt, cheese, and kefir), as well as the beneficial or detrimental effects of the process of gastrointestinal digestion following oral consumption on the biological activities of dairy-derived peptides. The main literature available on the structure–function relationship of dairy bioactive peptides, such as molecular docking and quantitative structure–activity relationships, and their allergenicity and toxicity will also be covered together with the main legislative frameworks governing the commercialization of these compounds. The current products and companies currently commercializing their products as a source of bioactive peptides will also be summarized, emphasizing the main challenges and opportunities for the industrial exploitation of dairy bioactive peptides in the market of functional food and nutraceuticals.
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Souders CL, Zubcevic J, Martyniuk CJ. Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and the Gastrointestinal Epithelium: Implications for the Gut-Brain Axis and Hypertension. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022; 42:419-437. [PMID: 33594519 PMCID: PMC8364923 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01044-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The colonic epithelium is the site of production and transport of many vasoactive metabolites and neurotransmitters that can modulate the immune system, affect cellular metabolism, and subsequently regulate blood pressure. As an important interface between the microbiome and its host, the colon can contribute to the development of hypertension. In this critical review, we highlight the role of colonic inflammation and microbial metabolites on the gut brain axis in the pathology of hypertension, with special emphasis on the interaction between tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolites. Here, we review the current literature and identify novel pathways in the colonic epithelium related to hypertension. A network analysis on transcriptome data previously generated in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats reveals differences in several pathways associated with inflammation involving TNFα (NF-κB and STAT Expression Targets) as well as oxidative stress. We also identify down-regulation of networks associated with gastrointestinal function, cardiovascular function, enteric nervous system function, and cholinergic and adrenergic transmission. The analysis also uncovered transcriptome responses related to glycolysis, butyrate oxidation, and mitochondrial function, in addition to gut neuropeptides that serve as modulators of blood pressure and metabolic function. We present a model for the role of TNFα in regulating bacterial metabolite transport and neuropeptide signaling in the gastrointestinal system, highlighting the complexity of host-microbiota interactions in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L. Souders
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611 USA
| | - Jasenka Zubcevic
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA. .,Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, PO BOX 100274, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Christopher J. Martyniuk
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611 USA,Corresponding authors contact information: Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida PO BOX 100274 GAINESVILLE FL 326100274 United States; and
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Mizushige T. Neuromodulatory peptides: Orally active anxiolytic-like and antidepressant-like peptides derived from dietary plant proteins. Peptides 2021; 142:170569. [PMID: 33984426 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mental disorders are a severe health problem, and the number of patients is growing worldwide. Increased anxiety and decreased motivation due to excessive mental stress further accelerated the severity of the problem. Enzymatic digestion of food proteins produces bioactive peptides with various physiological functions, some of which exhibit neuromodulatory effects with oral administration. Recently, studies reported that some peptides produced from plant proteins such as soybeans, leaves, and grains exhibit emotional regulatory functions such as strong anxiolytic-like and antidepressant-like effects comparable to pharmaceuticals. Conventionally, researchers investigated bioactive peptides by fractionation of protein hydrolysates and structure-activity relationship. As a novel methodology for analyzing bioactive peptides, the information obtained by peptidomics simultaneous analysis of the digested fractions of proteins using mass spectrometry has been effectively utilized. Some small-sized peptides such as dipeptides and tripeptides released food-derived proteins show emotional regulating effects. Moreover, some middle-sized peptides produced after intestinal digestion may exhibit the emotional regulating effect via the vagus nerve, and the importance of the gut-brain axis is also focused. As the central mechanism of emotional regulation, it has been found that these plant-derived peptides regulated monoamine neurotransmitter signaling and hippocampal neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Mizushige
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, 350 Minemachi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan.
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Shobako N. Hypotensive peptides derived from plant proteins. Peptides 2021; 142:170573. [PMID: 34023396 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a risk factor for arteriosclerosis development and is recognized as a silent killer. Certain processed food materials, digested by protease or through the use of fermentation, have shown exertion of hypotensive effects in human clinical or animal studies, and hypotensive peptides were isolated from them. This review discusses the hypotensive peptides derived from plant proteins, such as grain, soy, vegetables, and seaweeds, and their hypotensive mechanisms. Although angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition is often noted as one of the mechanisms that may exert antihypertensive effects, ACE inhibitory activity measured by in vitro studies is not associated with the actual hypotensive effect. Thus, this review only highlights the peptide hypotensive effect determined by in vivo studies. This review also discusses the tendency of the amino acid sequence of ACE-inhibitory hypotensive peptides and the possible additional effects of hypotensive peptides independent of ACE inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohisa Shobako
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan.
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