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Hung CF, Chiu WC, Chen JC, Chuang WC, Wang SJ. NRICM101 prevents kainic acid-induced seizures in rats by modulating neuroinflammation and the glutamatergic system. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 140:112842. [PMID: 39094361 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Taiwan Chingguan Yihau (NRICM101) is a Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula used to treat coronavirus disease 2019; however, its impact on epilepsy has not been revealed. Therefore, the present study evaluated the anti-epileptogenic effect of orally administered NRICM101 on kainic acid (KA)-induced seizures in rats and investigated its possible mechanisms of action. Sprague-Dawley rats were administered NRICM101 (300 mg/kg) by oral gavage for 7 consecutive days before receiving an intraperitoneal injection of KA (15 mg/kg). NRICM101 considerably reduced the seizure behavior and electroencephalographic seizures induced by KA in rats. NRICM101 also significantly decreased the neuronal loss and glutamate increase and increased GLAST, GLT-1, GAD67, GDH and GS levels in the cortex and hippocampus of KA-treated rats. In addition, NRICM101 significantly suppressed astrogliosis (as determined by decreased GFAP expression); neuroinflammatory signaling (as determined by reduced HMGB1, TLR-4, IL-1β, IL-1R, IL-6, p-JAK2, p-STAT3, TNF-α, TNFR1 and p-IκB levels, and increased cytosolic p65-NFκB levels); and necroptosis (as determined by decreased p-RIPK3 and p-MLKL levels) in the cortex and hippocampus of KA-treated rats. The effects of NRICM101 were similar to those of carbamazepine, a well-recognized antiseizure drug. Furthermore, no toxic effects of NRICM101 on the liver and kidney were observed in NRICM101-treated rats. The results indicate that NRICM101 has antiepileptogenic and neuroprotective effects through the suppression of the inflammatory cues (HMGB1/TLR4, Il-1β/IL-1R1, IL-6/p-JAK2/p-STAT3, and TNF-α/TNFR1/NF-κB) and necroptosis signaling pathways (TNF-α/TNFR1/RIP3/MLKL) associated with glutamate level regulation in the brain and is innocuous. Our findings highlight the promising role of NRICM101 in the management of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Feng Hung
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Che Chiu
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 106438, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Cih Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
| | | | - Su-Jane Wang
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan.
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Xiao X, Huang S, Yang Z, Zhu Y, Zhu L, Zhao Y, Bai J, Kim KH. Momordica charantia Bioactive Components: Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Benefits Through Gut Health Modulation. J Med Food 2024; 27:589-600. [PMID: 38770678 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2024.k.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Momordica charantia (MC), a member of the Cucurbitaceae family, is well known for its pharmacological activities that exhibit hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties. These properties are largely because of its abundant bioactive compounds and phytochemicals. Over the years, numerous studies have confirmed the regulatory effects of MC extract on glycolipid metabolism. However, there is a lack of comprehensive reviews on newly discovered MC-related components, such as insulin receptor-binding protein-19, adMc1, and MC protein-30 and triterpenoids 3β,7β,25-trihydroxycucurbita-5,23(E)-dien-19-al, and the role of MC in gut microbiota and bitter taste receptors. This review offers an up-to-date overview of the recently reported chemical compositions of MC, including polysaccharides, saponins, polyphenolics, peptides, and their beneficial effects. It also provides the latest updates on the role of MC in the regulation of gut microbiota and bitter taste receptor signaling pathways. As a result, this review will serve as a theoretical basis for potential applications in the creation or modification of MC-based nutrient supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xiao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shiting Huang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zihan Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yansheng Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Juan Bai
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Kee-Hong Kim
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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Lu CW, Lin TY, Hsieh PW, Chiu KM, Lee MY, Wang SJ. Cynarin, a caffeoylquinic acid derivative in artichoke, inhibits exocytotic glutamate release from rat cortical nerve terminals (synaptosomes). Neurochem Int 2023; 167:105537. [PMID: 37164158 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of cynarin, a caffeoylquinic acid derivative in artichoke, on glutamate release elicited by 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) in rat cortical nerve terminals (synaptosomes). We observed that cynarin decreased 4-aminopyridine-elicited glutamate release, which was prevented by the removal of external free Ca2+ with ethylene glycol bis (β-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N,N-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) or the blockade of P/Q-type calcium channels with ω-agatoxin IVA. Molecular docking also revealed that cynarin formed a hydrogen bond with the P/Q-type Ca2+ channel, indicating a mechanism of action involving Ca2+ influx inhibition. Additionally, the inhibitory effect of cynarin on glutamate release is associated with a change in the available synaptic vesicles, as cynarin decreased 4-AP-elicited FM1-43 release or hypertonic sucrose-evoked glutamate release from synaptosomes. Furthermore, the suppression of protein kinase A (PKA) prevented the effect of cynarin on 4-AP-elicited glutamate release. 4-AP-elicited PKA and synapsin I or synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25) phosphorylation at PKA-specific residues were also attenuated by cynarin. Our data indicate that cynarin, through the suppression of P/Q-type Ca2+ channels, inhibits PKA activation and attenuates synapsin I and SNAP-25 phosphorylation at PKA-specific residues, thus decreasing synaptic vesicle availability and contributing to glutamate release inhibition in cerebral cortex terminals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, 22060, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, 32003, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yu Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, 22060, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, 32003, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Hsieh
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, And Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33303, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ming Chiu
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Center, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, 22060, Taiwan; Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, 32003, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yi Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, 22060, Taiwan
| | - Su-Jane Wang
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan.
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Lin TY, Lu CW, Hsieh PW, Chiu KM, Lee MY, Wang SJ. Natural Product Isoliquiritigenin Activates GABA B Receptors to Decrease Voltage-Gate Ca 2+ Channels and Glutamate Release in Rat Cerebrocortical Nerve Terminals. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101537. [PMID: 34680170 PMCID: PMC8534184 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduction in glutamate release is a key mechanism for neuroprotection and we investigated the effect of isoliquiritigenin (ISL), an active ingredient of Glycyrrhiza with neuroprotective activities, on glutamate release in rat cerebrocortical nerve terminals (synaptosomes). ISL produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of glutamate release and reduced the intraterminal [Ca2+] increase. The inhibition of glutamate release by ISL was prevented after removing extracellular Ca2+ or blocking P/Q-type Ca2+ channels. This inhibition was mediated through the γ-aminobutyric acid type B (GABAB) receptors because ISL was unable to inhibit glutamate release in the presence of baclofen (an GABAB agonist) or CGP3548 (an GABAB antagonist) and docking data revealed that ISL interacted with GABAB receptors. Furthermore, the ISL inhibition of glutamate release was abolished through the inhibition of Gi/o-mediated responses or Gβγ subunits, but not by 8-bromoadenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate or adenylate cyclase inhibition. The ISL inhibition of glutamate release was also abolished through the inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC), and ISL decreased the phosphorylation of PKC. Thus, we inferred that ISL, through GABAB receptor activation and Gβγ-coupled inhibition of P/Q-type Ca2+ channels, suppressed the PKC phosphorylation to cause a decrease in evoked glutamate release at rat cerebrocortical nerve terminals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Yu Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, Pan-Chiao District, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan; (T.-Y.L.); (C.-W.L.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wei Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, Pan-Chiao District, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan; (T.-Y.L.); (C.-W.L.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Hsieh
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ming Chiu
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Center, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei 22060, Taiwan; (K.-M.C.); (M.-Y.L.)
- Department of Nursing, Asia Eastern University of Science and Technology, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan
- Department of Photonics Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yi Lee
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Center, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei 22060, Taiwan; (K.-M.C.); (M.-Y.L.)
| | - Su-Jane Wang
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +88-62-2905-3465; Fax: +88-62-2905-2096
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