1
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Xia W, Song B, Li T, Liu RH. Phytochemical profiles, antioxidant activities, and synergistic antiproliferative effects of blueberry and apple peel extracts. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:737-745. [PMID: 37658664 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blueberries and apples exhibit favorable bioactivity and health benefits as a result of their rich phytochemicals. Natural phytochemicals exist in complex forms, but there are few reports on whether have additive, synergistic or antagonistic effects between different phytochemicals. The present study aimed to elucidate the synergistic effects of blueberry extract (BE) and apple peel extract (APE) together with respect to inhibiting the proliferation of HepG2 liver cancer cells. Meanwhile, phytochemical characterization of BE and APE was conducted by HPLC, and total antioxidant activity was determined via a cellular antioxidant activity assay, oxygen radical absorption capacity assay and peroxy radical scavenging capacity assay. RESULTS The results showed that BE and APE were rich in phytochemicals and had potent antioxidant activities, which synergistically inhibited cell proliferation. In the bilateral combination, the dose reduction index value increased by two-fold, and the combination index value at 95% inhibition was less than 1. Additionally, BE + APE supplementation could promote the expression levels of p53 and c-myc genes. In conclusion, the BE and APE had strong antioxidant activity and exhibited synergistic inhibition against proliferation of HepG2 cells. CONCLUSION The present study can provide a theoretical basis for the synergistic effect of different phytochemicals in health care. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Bingbing Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Food Science, Stocking Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Rui Hai Liu
- Department of Food Science, Stocking Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Xia W, Gong ES, Lin Y, Zheng B, Yang W, Li T, Zhang S, Li P, Liu RH. Wild pink bayberry free phenolic extract induces mitochondria-dependent apoptosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest through p38/MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathway in MDA-MB-231 cancer cells. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2023.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Fu X, Tan Y, Shi M, Zeng C, Qin S. Multi-Index Comprehensive Assessment Optimized Critical Flavonoids Extraction from Semen Hoveniae and Their In Vitro Digestive Behavior Evaluation. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040773. [PMID: 36832847 PMCID: PMC9955648 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Critical flavonoids from Semen Hoveniae have huge potential bioactivities on hypoglycemic. A multi-index comprehensive assessment based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was performed to optimize the extraction process of flavonoids from Semen Hoveniae, which taking dihydromyricetin, taxifolin, myricetin and quercetin as indexes, and, then, an in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion model was established to investigate the changes of flavonoids contents and their antioxidant capacity before and after digestion. The results showed that three influence factors acted significantly with the order of ethanol concentration > solid-liquid ratio > ultrasound time. The optimized extraction parameters were as follows: 1:37 w/v of solid-liquid ratio, 68% of ethanol concentration and 45 min for ultrasonic time. During in vitro digestion, the order of remaining ratio of four flavonoids in the extract was dihydromyricetin > taxifolin > myricetin > quercetin in gastric digestion, and remaining ratio of taxifolin was 34.87% while others were restructured in intestinal digestion. Furthermore, the 1,1-dipheny-2-picryhydrazyl free radical (DPPH ·) scavenging ability and oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC) of extract were more stable in gastric digestion. After an hour's intestinal digestion, the extract had no DPPH antioxidant capacity, but amazingly, its ORAC antioxidant capacity was retained or increased, which implied that substances were transformed and more hydrogen donors were produced. This study has carried out a preliminary discussion from the perspective of extraction and put forward a new research idea, to improve the in vivo bioavailability of the critical flavonoids from Semen Hoveniae.
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Li H, Zhao Q, Chang S, Wang L, Zhao B. Phytochemical analysis and bioactivity of different ethanolic extracts from cannabidiol full-spectrum oil. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.121173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Influence of Simulated In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion on the Phenolic Profile, Antioxidant, and Biological Activity of Thymbra spicata L. Extracts. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091778. [PMID: 36139852 PMCID: PMC9495638 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants or plant extracts are widely investigated for preventing/counteracting several chronic disorders. The oral route is the most common route for nutraceutical and drug administration. Currently, it is still unclear as to whether and how the pattern of phenolic compounds (PCs) found in the plants as well as their bioactivity could be modified during the gastrointestinal transit. Recent studies have revealed antioxidant and anti-steatotic properties of Thymbra spicata. Here, we investigated the possible loss of phytochemicals that occurs throughout the sequential steps of a simulated in vitro gastrointestinal (GI) digestion of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of aerial parts of T. spicata. Crude, digested, and dialyzed extracts were characterized in terms of their phenolic profile and biological activities. Total contents of carbohydrates, proteins, PCs, flavonoids, and hydroxycinnamic acids were quantified. The changes in the PC profile and in bioactive compounds upon the simulated GI digestion were monitored by HPLC–MS/MS analysis. The antioxidant activity was measured by different spectrophotometric assays, and the antiproliferative potential was assessed by using three representative human cancer cell lines. We observed that the simulated GI digestion reduced the phytochemical contents in both aqueous and ethanolic T. spicata extracts and modified the PC profile. However, T. spicata extracts improved their antioxidant potential after digestion, while a partial reduction in the antiproliferative activity was observed for the ethanolic extract. Therefore, our results could provide a scientific basis for the employment of T. spicata extract as valuable nutraceutical.
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Zhong Y, Yang L, Dai T, Zhu Z, Chen H, Wu J, Gong ES. Flavonoids enhance gel strength of ovalbumin: Properties, structures, and interactions. Food Chem 2022; 387:132892. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Phytochemical Profiles, Antioxidant Activity and Antiproliferative Mechanism of Rhodiola rosea L. Phenolic Extract. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173602. [PMID: 36079857 PMCID: PMC9459784 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenolic profiles, antioxidant activity, antiproliferative property and the underlying molecular mechanisms of cell apoptosis of Rhodiola rosea free phenolic (RFE) were analyzed in this work. Overall, Rhodiola rosea rhizome phenolic extract (RE) contained Rhodiola rosea rhizome free phenolic extract (RFE) and Rhodiola rosea rhizome bound phenolic extract (RBE). Compared with RBE, RFE contained higher phenolic contents and possessed stronger antioxidant activity. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) results demonstrated that the main phenolics of were epigallocatechin (EGC), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), gallic acid (GA) and catechin. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis found that Rhodiola rosea L. was rich in volatile phytochemicals. In addition, many types of vitamin E and a few kinds of carotenoids were found in Rhodiola rosea. In addition, the main compounds in RFE (GA, EGC, EGCG) and RFE all exhibited excellent antiproliferative activity, indicating the antiproliferative activity of RFE was partly attributed to the synergy effects of the main compounds. Further study confirmed that RFE could block 16.99% of HepG2 cells at S phase and induce 20.32% programmed cell death compared with the control group. Specifically, RFE dose-dependently induced cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest via modulating the p53 signaling pathway including up-regulation of the expression of p53 and Bax while down-regulation of the Bcl-2, cyclin D1 and CDK4 levels. Therefore, RFE exhibited the potential of being developed as an auxiliary antioxidant and a therapeutic agent for cancer.
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Yuan W, Zheng B, Li T, Liu RH. Quantification of Phytochemicals, Cellular Antioxidant Activities and Antiproliferative Activities of Raw and Roasted American Pistachios (Pistacia vera L.). Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153002. [PMID: 35893856 PMCID: PMC9329773 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of pistachios has been linked to many potential health benefits. Phytochemicals in pistachios, including phenolics, vitamin E and carotenoids, have been considered to make contributions to the health benefits. The objectives of this study were (1) to explore the phytochemical profiles (total phenolics and total flavonoids, including both free and bound forms), selected phytochemicals, vitamin E and carotenoids of raw and roasted pistachios; (2) to determine total antioxidant activity and cellular antioxidant activity (CAA); and (3) to explore antiproliferative activities of pistachio extracts against human breast, liver and colon cancer cells in vitro. Both raw and roasted pistachios contained high total phenolics, at 479.9 ± 10.2 (raw) and 447.9 ± 9.4 (roasted) mg GAE/100 g, respectively, and high flavonoids, at 178.4 ± 10.6 (raw) and 144.1 ± 7.4 (roasted) mg GAE/100 g, respectively. The contributions of the free form to the total phenolics in pistachios were 82% (raw) and 84% (roasted), respectively, and the contributions of the free form to the total flavonoids in pistachios were 65% (raw) and 70% (roasted), respectively. Gentisic acid and catechin were the major phenolics in raw and roasted pistachios, respectively. Both raw and roasted pistachios had similar total antioxidant activity evaluated by Oxygen-Radical-Scavenging Capacity (ORAC) assay, at 7387.9 ± 467 (raw) and 7375.3 ± 602 (roasted) μmol TE/100 g, respectively. Both raw and roasted pistachio extracts exhibited cellular antioxidant activity inhibiting peroxyradical radical-induced oxidation, with CAA values of 77.39 ± 4.25 (wash) and 253.71 ± 19.18 (no wash) μmol QE/100 g of raw pistachios and 115.62 ± 3.02 (wash) and 216.76 ± 6.6 (no wash) μmol QE/100 g of roasted pistachios. Roasted pistachios contained more vitamin E when compared with raw pistachios, while raw pistachios contained more carotenoids than the roasted pistachios. Additionally, the free form of roasted pistachios extracts exhibited superior antiproliferation activity against HepG2, Caco-2 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner, with EC50 34.73 ± 1.64, 36.66 ± 3.3 and 7.41 ± 0.82 mg per mL, respectively. These results provided new knowledge about the phytochemical profiles, antioxidant activity, cellular antioxidant activity and antiproliferative activity of raw and roasted pistachios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Yuan
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), School of Food Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; (W.Y.); (B.Z.)
| | - Bisheng Zheng
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), School of Food Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; (W.Y.); (B.Z.)
- Guangdong ERA Food & Life Health Research Institute, Guangzhou 510670, China
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;
| | - Rui Hai Liu
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-607-255-6235
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Zhu Y, Lv J, Gu Y, He Y, Chen J, Ye X, Zhou Z. Mixed fermentation of Chinese bayberry pomace using yeast, lactic acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria: Effects on color, phenolics and antioxidant ingredients. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Zhang S, Deng N, Zheng B, Li T, Liu RH. The effect of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on the phenolic profiles, bioactivities and bioaccessibility of Rhodiola. Food Funct 2022; 13:5752-5765. [PMID: 35532981 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00469k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the phenolic profiles and antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of Rhodiola after simulated in vitro digestion were first assessed in this study. Furthermore, permeability and uptake assays as well as RT-qPCR and western blot analyses were performed in order to explore the bioaccessibility of the digesta and its underlying mechanism. The results reveal that in vitro gastrointestinal digestion significantly reduced the total phenolics and total flavonoids as well as the extracellular, cellular antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of Rhodiola, in which the colon digesta had the largest reduction. However, in vitro digestion augmented the cellular uptake rates of Rhodiola phenolics with higher permeability coefficients. The colon digesta (GA-Dig) exhibited the highest uptake of gallic acid (GA, the main compound) instead of GA in its pure form, indicating the synergistic effects of GA and other phenolics in Rhodiola. In-depth mechanistic studies suggest that the fabulous uptake rates and permeability coefficients of the colon digesta were triggered by the down-regulation of the expression levels of ABCF2 mRNA and protein. These findings indicate that simulated gastrointestinal digestion could promote the bioaccessibility and bioactivities of phenolics in Rhodiola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhang
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China.
| | - Na Deng
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China. .,College of Light Industry and Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Bisheng Zheng
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China. .,Guangdong ERA Food & Life Health Research Institute, Guangzhou, 510670, China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Rui Hai Liu
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Zhang S, Yu Z, Sun L, Ren H, Zheng X, Liang S, Qi X. An overview of the nutritional value, health properties, and future challenges of Chinese bayberry. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13070. [PMID: 35265403 PMCID: PMC8900607 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chinese bayberry (CB) is among the most popular and valuable fruits in China owing to its attractive color and unique sweet/sour taste. Recent studies have highlighted the nutritional value and health-related benefits of CB. CB has special biological characteristics of evergreen, special aroma, dioecious, nodulation, nitrogen fixation. Moreover, the fruits, leaves, and bark of CB plants harbor a number of bioactive compounds including proanthocyanidins, flavonoids, vitamin C, phenolic acids, and anthocyanins that have been linked to the anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, and neuroprotective properties and to the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The CB fruits have been used to produce a range of products: beverages, foods, and washing supplies. Future CB-related product development is thus expected to further leverage the health-promoting potential of this valuable ecological resource. The present review provides an overview of the botanical characteristics, processing, nutritional value, health-related properties, and applications of CB in order to provide a foundation for further research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Zhang
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Horticulture, Hangzhou, Jianggan, China
| | - Zheping Yu
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Horticulture, Hangzhou, Jianggan, China
| | - Li Sun
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Horticulture, Hangzhou, Jianggan, China
| | - Haiying Ren
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Horticulture, Hangzhou, Jianggan, China
| | - Xiliang Zheng
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Horticulture, Hangzhou, Jianggan, China
| | - Senmiao Liang
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Horticulture, Hangzhou, Jianggan, China
| | - Xingjiang Qi
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Horticulture, Hangzhou, Jianggan, China
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Song B, Xia W, Li T, Liu R. Mitochondria is involved in combination of blueberry and apple peel extracts synergistically ameliorating lifespan and oxidative stress in Caenorhabditis elegans. Food Funct 2022; 13:8204-8213. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00474g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial function is closely related to the body's oxidative stress level and lifespan. Our previous research demonstrated that the combination of blueberry extracts (BE) and apple peel extracts (APE) could...
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Lian F, Gong E, Liang H, Lin Y, Chen J, He Y, Hebelstrup KH, Xia W. Nano-encapsulation of polyphenols in starch nanoparticles: fabrication, characterization and evaluation. Food Funct 2022; 13:7762-7771. [DOI: 10.1039/d1fo04197e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are more promising than microcapsules as drug carriers because they can be absorbed directly by intestinal epithelial cells, significantly increasing the uptake and bioaccessibility of polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengli Lian
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Ersheng Gong
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Hanni Liang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Yanyun Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Products Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, PR China
| | - Yunxia He
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Products Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Kim Henrik Hebelstrup
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Flakkebjerg, Forsøgsvej 1, Slagelse, 4200, Denmark
| | - Wen Xia
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Flakkebjerg, Forsøgsvej 1, Slagelse, 4200, Denmark
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Song X, Rao H, Guo C, Yang B, Ren Y, Wang M, Li Y, Cao Z, Pei J. Myricetin exhibit selective anti-lymphoma activity by targeting BTK and is effective via oral administration in vivo. PHYTOMEDICINE 2021; 93:153802. [PMID: 34710755 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myricetin (MYR) is a polyhydroxy flavone originally isolated from Myrica rubra, and is widely distributed in a variety of medicinal plants and delicious food. MYR has been proven to have inhibitory effects against various types of cancer. However, the exact role of MYR in lymphoma development is still unclear. METHODS In vitro, the MTT assay was performed to evaluate the activity of human diffuse large B lymphoma cell TMD-8 and other tumor cells. Homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) and molecular docking were used to detect the target of MYR inhibiting TMD-8 cells. In addition, flow cytometry, Annexin V-FITC/PI assays, Hoechst 33258, and mondansylcadaverine (MDC) fluorescent standing were used to detect the cell cycle, apoptosis, and autophagy, respectively. Moreover, Western blot analysis was conducted to analyze related signaling pathways. In TMD-8 cell xenotransplanted mice, immunohistochemistry, histopathology, and blood biochemical tests were used to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of oral administration of MYR. RESULTS Here, we found that MYR is more sensitive to TMD-8 cells than other tumor cells by targeting bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK). BTK is an attractive target for the treatment of B-cell malignancies. The HTRF assay showed that MYR inhibited BTK kinase with an IC50 of 1.82 μM. Furthermore, the HTRF assay and Western blot analysis demonstrated that MYR could bind to key residues (Ala478, Leu408, Thr474) in the BTK active pocket, inhibit the autophosphorylation on tyrosine 223, and block BTK/ERK and BTK/AKT signal transduction cascades (including downstream substrates GSK-3β, IKK, STAT3, and NF-κb). The results of cell cycle, apoptosis, and autophagy showed that MYR could induce G1/G0 cycle arrest by regulating cyclinB1/D1 expression, induce apoptosis by increasing the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and trigger autophagy by inhibiting mTOR activation. In vivo, oral administration of MYR significantly inhibited the growth of TMD-8 xenograft tumora without toxic side effects. Furthermore, Ki67 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) analysis showed that MYR could inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of tissue lymphoma cells. CONCLUSION Taken together, MYR is an oral available natural BTK inhibitor that effectively inhibits the growth of lymphoma TMD-8 cells both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, our findings support that the use of MYR is a novel and promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaominting Song
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Huanan Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuanjie Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Pharmacy, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yali Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Miao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuzhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhixing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jin Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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Xia W, Gong E, Lin Y, Li T, Lian F, Zheng B, Liu RH. Comparison of phytochemical profiles, antioxidant and antiproliferative activities in Chinese bayberry (Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc.) fruits. J Food Sci 2021; 86:4691-4703. [PMID: 34549442 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Here, we examined the phytochemical profiles, antioxidant activity (AA), and antiproliferative activity (APA) of four Chinese bayberry (Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc.) pulp extracts. They were found to be rich in total phenolics content (TPC; 186.45 ± 5.42 to 498.94 ± 8.25 mg of gallic acid equiv./100 g FW) and total flavonoids content (TFC; 126.28 ± 4.18 to 194.35 ± 12.03 mg of catechin equiv./100 g FW). For all varieties, the free flavonoid/phenolic/anthocyanin contents were higher than that the bound fractions. Wild pink bayberry (WPB) displayed the highest values of TPC and TFC, and also showed the highest total antioxidant activity (TAA) as revealed by peroxyl radical scavenging capacity (PSC) (451.47 ± 8.01 µmol Vit. C equiv./100 g FW), and free cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) (184.99 ± 6.11 µmol quercetin equiv./100 g FW, no PBS wash; 117.78 ± 2.34 µmol quercetin equiv./100 g FW, PBS wash) assays. Bayberry extracts had a marked reduction in the APA of HepG2 cells, and WPB exhibited the lowest EC50 (8.50 ± 0.83 mg/ml) value, which was probably associated with cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Chinese bayberry (Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc.) fruit is rich in natural phenolic compounds, which might be a functional ingredient in food and nutraceutical products. Our findings would provide a logical strategy to promote the comprehensive utilization of phenolics in bayberry fruit with both health and economy benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xia
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ersheng Gong
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yanyun Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Products Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Fengli Lian
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bisheng Zheng
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Hai Liu
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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Xiong L, Deng N, Zheng B, Li T, Liu RH. HSF-1 and SIR-2.1 linked insulin-like signaling is involved in goji berry (Lycium spp.) extracts promoting lifespan extension of Caenorhabditis elegans. Food Funct 2021; 12:7851-7866. [PMID: 34240728 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03300f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The anti-cancer, vision-improving, and reproduction-enhancing effects of goji berry have been generally recognized, but its role in anti-aging is rarely studied in depth. Therefore, two widely-circulated goji berries, Lycium ruthenicum Murr. (LRM) and Lycium Barbarum. L (LB), were selected to explore their effects on extending lifespan and enhancing defense against extrinsic stress and to uncover the mechanism of action through genetic study. The results showed that supplementation with high-dose LRM (10 mg mL-1) and LB (100 mg mL-1) extracts significantly extended the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) by 25.19% and 51.38%, respectively, accompanied by the improved stress tolerance of C. elegans to paraquat-induced oxidation, UV-B irradiation and heat shock. Furthermore, LRM and LB extracts remarkably enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes including SOD and CAT in C. elegans, while notably decreased the lipofuscin level. Further genetic research demonstrated that the expression levels of key genes daf-16, sod-2, sod-3, sir-2.1 and hsp-16.2 in C. elegans were up-regulated by the intervention with LRM and LB, while that of the age-1 level was down-regulated. Moreover, the daf-16 (mu86) I, sir-2.1 (ok434) IV and hsf-1 (sy441) I mutants reversed the longevity effect brought about by LRM or LB, which confirmed that these genes were required in goji berry-mediated lifespan extension. Therefore, we conclude that HSF-1 and SIR-2.1 act collaboratively with the insulin/IGF signaling pathway (IIS) in a daf-16-independent mode. The present study indicated goji berry as a potential functional food to alleviate the symptoms of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xiong
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
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Jiang S, Deng N, Zheng B, Li T, Liu RH. Rhodiola extract promotes longevity and stress resistance of Caenorhabditis elegans via DAF-16 and SKN-1. Food Funct 2021; 12:4471-4483. [PMID: 33881421 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02974b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The effects of Rhodiola extract (RE) on longevity and stress resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), and the underlying molecular mechanisms were explored in the present study. Results showed that the lifespan of C. elegans was remarkably prolonged by 37.1% after treated with high-dose RE (480 μg mL-1). Intervention with RE alleviated aging-related declines in the C. elegans model, and enhanced the stress resistance against heat shock, ultraviolet radiation and paraquat. Moreover, RE reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). RE also upregulated the gene expression of sod-3, gst-4, daf-16, skn-1 in C. elegans, downregulated the gene expression of daf-2 and age-1, and accelerated the translocation of DAF-16 and SKN-1 into the nucleus. Furthermore, the daf-16(mu86) and skn-1(zu169) mutants reversed the extension of lifespan triggered by RE, indicating that these genes were involved in RE-regulated longevity. These results demonstrated that RE could enhance lifespan extension, healthspan and stress resistance of C. elegans via insulin/IGF signaling and SKN-1 pathways. Therefore, the present findings suggested Rhodiola as a potential candidate to ameliorate the symptoms of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Jiang
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
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Xiong L, Deng N, Zheng B, Li T, Liu RH. Goji berry ( Lycium spp.) extracts exhibit antiproliferative activity via modulating cell cycle arrest, cell apoptosis, and the p53 signaling pathway. Food Funct 2021; 12:6513-6525. [PMID: 34086026 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01105g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The phytochemical profiles, antioxidant activity and antiproliferative mechanism of two goji berry varieties were investigated in the present study. In contrast to Lycium barbarum L. (LB), Lycium ruthenicum Murr. (LRM) showed stronger antioxidant activity evaluated by ORAC, PSC and CAA assays, which might be attributed to its higher total phenolics and total flavonoids. However, LB contains greater contents of VE and carotenoids compared to LRM, which may endow LB with other unique functions instead of antioxidant activity. Additionally, high dose LRM showed a stronger capability in terms of cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis induction of MDA cells with increments of 17.85% cells blocked at the G1 phase and 50.49% cells achieving early apoptosis compared with the control group. Although supplementation with LB increased the number of cells in the G1 phase by 10%, its effect on inducing cell apoptosis was not ideal. Furthermore, both LRM and LB activated the proliferation-related p53 signaling pathway including p53, p21, CDK4, Cyclin E, Bax and Caspase3, but LB failed to downregulate bcl-2 and CDK2 levels, indicating the weaker antiproliferative effect of LB. The present findings indicated LRM and LB as potential candidates for managing the proliferation of cancer cells and improving human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xiong
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
| | - Na Deng
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
| | - Bisheng Zheng
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China. and Guangdong ERA Food & Life Health Research Institute, Guangzhou, 510670, China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
| | - Rui Hai Liu
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
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