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Wang R, Wang J, Wang Z, Pan J, Sun S, Ma C, Tang X, Lv S, Zhai S, Zhao G. Extraction methods, structural characteristics, biological activities, and applications of the polysaccharides from Gracilaria lemaneiformis: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2025; 293:139316. [PMID: 39740720 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.139316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2024] [Revised: 12/13/2024] [Accepted: 12/28/2024] [Indexed: 01/02/2025]
Abstract
Gracilaria/Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis is an ecologically and economically valuable seaweed that has attracted attention for its unique flavour and rich nutritional content. Studies have shown that G. lemaneiformis contains a variety of chemical components, among which G. lemaneiformis polysaccharides (GLPs) are the main active components. GLPs are a class of biomolecules with significant pharmacological activities, which exhibit a variety of bioactivities in vitro and in vivo, including anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, regulating lipid metabolism, anti-oxidant, anti-allergic, and anti-cancer activity. Despite the great potential value of GLPs, their current research and review are still relatively limited, which hinders their development and utilization to some extent. Therefore, this study aims to systematically summaries the latest information on GLPs, covering extraction and purification methods, structural characterization, biological activities and conformational relationships. In addition, the potential applications of GLPs and related bibliometrics will be analyzed to provide basic data and references for future studies. In conclusion, this study will contribute to an in-depth understanding of the properties of GLPs and provide a strong scientific basis and direct reference for their more scientific and rational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- School of Medical Engineering, Haojing College of Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Jingyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research in Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Zhichao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research in Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Jiaojiao Pan
- Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research in Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Shiru Sun
- School of Medical Engineering, Haojing College of Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Cuixia Ma
- School of Medical Engineering, Haojing College of Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xiaobing Tang
- School of Medical Engineering, Haojing College of Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Shaoqi Lv
- School of Medical Engineering, Haojing College of Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Sicheng Zhai
- School of Medical Engineering, Haojing College of Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Ge Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, PR China.
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2
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Wang M, Zhu Z, Wu X, Cheong K, Li X, Yu W, Yao Y, Wu J, Cao Z. Bioactive Polysaccharides from Gracilaria lemaneiformis: Preparation, Structures, and Therapeutic Insights. Foods 2024; 13:2782. [PMID: 39272547 PMCID: PMC11395005 DOI: 10.3390/foods13172782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 08/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Gracilaria lamaneiformis, a red seaweed, is an abundant source of bioactive polysaccharides with significant health-promoting properties. Nevertheless, the broad application of G. lamaneiformis in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical sectors remains constrained due to the absence of comprehensive data. This review provides a detailed examination of the preparation methods, structural characteristics, and biological activities of G. lamaneiformis polysaccharides (GLPs). We explore both conventional and advanced extraction techniques, highlighting the efficiency and yield improvements achieved through methods such as microwave-, ultrasonic-, and enzyme-assisted extraction. The structural elucidation of GLPs using modern analytical techniques, including high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, is discussed, providing comprehensive insights into their molecular composition and configuration. Furthermore, we critically evaluate the diverse biological activities of GLPs, including their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and gut microbiota modulation properties. This review underscores the therapeutic potential of GLPs and suggests future research directions to fully harness their health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Zhen Zhu
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Xiaocheng Wu
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Kitleong Cheong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Wanli Yu
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yinlin Yao
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Zhanhui Cao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
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3
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González-Arceo M, Aguirre L, Macarulla MT, Gil-Pitarch C, Martínez-Chantar ML, Portillo MP, Gómez-Zorita S. Effect of Gracilaria vermiculophylla Macroalga on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Obese Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:369. [PMID: 38539902 PMCID: PMC10968416 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13030369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/04/2025] Open
Abstract
Marine algae are valuable sources of bioactive compounds that have the potential to be used in the management of various pathologies. Despite the increasing prevalence of NAFLD, the absence of an approved effective pharmacological treatment with demonstrable effectiveness persists. In this context, the aim of the present study is to assess the effect of Gracilaria vermiculophylla red seaweed dietary supplementation on hepatic lipid accumulation, as well as on oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis- related markers on obese fa/fa Zucker rats fed with a standard diet, supplemented or not with 2.5% or 5% dehydrated Gracilaria vermiculophylla. After a six-week supplementation with the macroalga, no significant reduction in hepatic total lipid content or hepatic triglyceride content was observed. However, both doses were able to diminish hepatic NEFA concentration by reducing de novo lipogenesis and increasing mitochondrial biogenesis. Moreover, supplementation with the dose of 2.5% improved some oxidative stress and inflammation-related markers. Supplementation with the dose of 5% did not exert these clear beneficial effects. Thus, this study demonstrates that while Gracilaria vermiculophylla may not mitigate hepatic steatosis, it could exert protective effects on the liver by reducing NEFA content and enhancing oxidative stress and inflammation parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maitane González-Arceo
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy and Lucio Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (M.G.-A.); (M.T.M.); (M.P.P.); (S.G.-Z.)
| | - Leixuri Aguirre
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy and Lucio Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (M.G.-A.); (M.T.M.); (M.P.P.); (S.G.-Z.)
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, National Institute of Health Carlos III, 28222 Madrid, Spain
- BIOARABA Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - María Teresa Macarulla
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy and Lucio Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (M.G.-A.); (M.T.M.); (M.P.P.); (S.G.-Z.)
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, National Institute of Health Carlos III, 28222 Madrid, Spain
- BIOARABA Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Clàudia Gil-Pitarch
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Spain; (C.G.-P.); (M.L.M.-C.)
| | - María Luz Martínez-Chantar
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Spain; (C.G.-P.); (M.L.M.-C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), National Institute of Health Carlos III, 28222 Madrid, Spain
| | - María P. Portillo
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy and Lucio Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (M.G.-A.); (M.T.M.); (M.P.P.); (S.G.-Z.)
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, National Institute of Health Carlos III, 28222 Madrid, Spain
- BIOARABA Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Saioa Gómez-Zorita
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy and Lucio Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (M.G.-A.); (M.T.M.); (M.P.P.); (S.G.-Z.)
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, National Institute of Health Carlos III, 28222 Madrid, Spain
- BIOARABA Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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Chumsook K, Praiboon J, Fu X. Sulfated Galactans from Agarophytes: Review of Extraction Methods, Structural Features, and Biological Activities. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1745. [PMID: 38136616 PMCID: PMC10741836 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Agarophytes are important seaweeds of the Rhodophyta type, which have been highly exploited for industrial use as sources of a widely consumed polysaccharide of agar. In addition to that, sulfated galactans (SGs) from agarophytes, which consist of various functional sulfate groups, have attracted the attention of scientists in current studies. SGs possess various biological activities, such as anti-tumor, anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-microbial, anti-diarrhea, and gut microbiota regulation properties. Meanwhile, the taxonomy, ecological factors, i.e., environmental factors, and harvest period, as well as preparation methods, i.e., the pretreatment, extraction, and purification conditions, have been found to influence the chemical compositions and fine structures of SGs, which have, further, been shown to have an impact on their biological activities. However, the gaps in the knowledge of the properties of SGs due to the above complex factors have hindered their industrial application. The aim of this paper is to collect and systematically review the scientific evidence about SGs and, thus, to pave the way for broader and otherwise valuable industrial applications of agarophytes for human enterprise. In the future, this harvested biomass could be sustainably used not only as a source of agar production but also as natural materials in functional food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khosook Chumsook
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;
- Department of Fishery Science and Technology (International) Program, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Jantana Praiboon
- Department of Fishery Biology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Xiaoting Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;
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5
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The characteristics of polysaccharide from Gracilaria chouae and its application in food packaging with carboxymethyl cellulose and lysozyme. Food Hydrocoll 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.108109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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6
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Feng X, Chen H, Xiao B, Wu Q, Zhang J, Zhang N, Li P, Wang L, Yin J, Sui Z. Ploidy Identification by Flow Cytometry and Application of the Method to Characterize Seasonal Ploidy Variation of Wild Populations of the Red Alga Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 24:1073-1083. [PMID: 36198873 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-022-10167-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Gp. lemaneiformis) is an economically important alga. At present, there is no way to quickly and easily determine its ploidy and life cycle dynamics in wild populations, which affects the process of genetic breeding. In this study, we developed and verified a ploidy identification method using flow cytometry and then used it to explore the seasonal fluctuation of the ploidy ratio and the environmental factors that influence it in wild populations of this species. Of the three methods we tested for nucleus extraction, quick chopping was the best because of its high extraction efficiency, low debris background, obvious subcellular scatter plot, and clear typical histogram. Samples from the tip of the alga were more suitable for preparing the nuclear suspension than samples from the base. Generalized linear model analysis based on diagnosis of multicollinearity revealed a negative correlation between temperature and ploidy ratio. Among the environmental factors tested, temperature had the greatest influence on the ploidy ratio, whereas precipitation and sunshine duration had no effect on the ploidy ratio fluctuation. Our study will be useful for material collection and studies of utilization and life cycle dynamics. Moreover, understanding of ploidy dynamics may provide a theoretical basis for improving variety and breeding of Gp. lemaneiformis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Feng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Haihong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Baoheng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Ni Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Pingping Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jingru Yin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zhenghong Sui
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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7
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Li X, Peng B, Chi-Keung Cheung P, Wang J, Zheng X, You L. Depolymerized non-digestible sulfated algal polysaccharides produced by hydrothermal treatment with enhanced bacterial fermentation characteristics. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.107687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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8
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Jiang C, Dong Q, Xin X, Degen AA, Ding L. Effect of Chinese Herbs on Serum Biochemical Parameters, Immunity Indices, Antioxidant Capacity and Metabolomics in Early Weaned Yak Calves. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12172228. [PMID: 36077948 PMCID: PMC9455063 DOI: 10.3390/ani12172228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese traditional herbs are used widely as feed supplements to improve the immune response and antioxidant capacity of livestock. Twenty early-weaned 4-month-old yak calves (72.3 ± 3.65 kg) were divided randomly into four groups (n = 5 per group); three groups were provided with supplementary 80 mL/kg DMI of the root water extracts of either Angelica sinensis, Codonopsis pilosula or Glycyrrhiza uralensis, and one group (control) was not provided with a supplement. Compared to control calves, calves consuming the three herbal extracts increased serum concentrations of albumin (ALB) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), but decreased serum concentrations of free fatty acids (FFAs) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (p < 0.05). Calves consuming A. sinensis decreased (p < 0.05) serum concentration of total cholesterol (TC), and increased (p < 0.05) serum concentration of total proteins (TP). Serum FFA concentrations increased (p = 0.004) linearly with time in the control group, but not in the groups consuming herbs. Serum metabolomic data demonstrated that A. sinensis and C. pilosula regulate mainly amino acid metabolism, while G. uralensis regulates mainly carbon and amino acid metabolism. It was concluded that the three herbal root extracts, as dietary supplements, improved energy and nitrogen metabolism, and enhanced the antioxidant capacity of yak calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuixia Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystem, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Quanmin Dong
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Adaptive Management on Alpine Grassland, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Xiaoping Xin
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Abraham Allan Degen
- Desert Animal Adaptations and Husbandry, Wyler Department of Dryland Agriculture, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Luming Ding
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence:
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9
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Protective effects of polysaccharide from Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (jackfruit) pulp on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in high-fat diet rats via PPAR and AMPK signaling pathways. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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10
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Long X, Hu X, Xiang H, Chen S, Li L, Qi B, Li C, Liu S, Yang X. Structural characterization and hypolipidemic activity of Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharide and its degradation products. Food Chem X 2022; 14:100314. [PMID: 35492254 PMCID: PMC9046617 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to analyze structural characterization and hypolipidemic activity in vitro of G. lemaneiformis polysaccharide (GLP) and its degradation products. The results presented that the content of galacturonic acid declined and glucuronic acid level enhanced, average particle size decreased from 99.9 μm to 25.7 μm, and color brightness of polysaccharide strengthened after degraded by H2O2-Vc. There was no significant change in thermal stability of polysaccharide before and after degradation. It was observed in AFM analysis, polysaccharide changed to smaller, delicacy and dispersion after degradation. As seen in FT-IR, H2O2-Vc degradation never change the structure of polysaccharide. Polysaccharide and its degradation products showed a significant inhibition effect on pancreatic lipase and cholesterol esterase in a dose-dependent manner, which presented the mixed type of competitive and non-competitive for pancreatic lipase, and non-competitive for cholesterol esterase, respectively. The fluorescence quenching type was static on pancreatic lipase and dynamic on cholesterol esterase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Long
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Zhanjiang 524088, China.,Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Huan Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Shengjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Laihao Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Bo Qi
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Chunsheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Shucheng Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Zhanjiang 524088, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Xianqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
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11
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Lotus seed resistant starch ameliorates high-fat diet induced hyperlipidemia by fatty acid degradation and glycerolipid metabolism pathways in mouse liver. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 215:79-91. [PMID: 35718147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the potential efficacy and underlying mechanisms of Lotus seed Resistant Starch (LRS) for regulating hyperlipidemia in mice fed a High-fat Diet (HFD). Mouse were fed a normal diet (Normal Control group, NC group), HFD alone (MC group), HFD plus lovastatin (PC group), or HFD with low/medium/high LRS (LLRS, MLRS, and HLRS groups, respectively) for 4 weeks. LRS supplementation significantly decreased body weight and significantly reduced serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipopro-tein cholesterol compared with the MC group. LRS also significantly alleviated hepatic steatosis, especially in the MLRS group, which also showed a significantly reduced visceral fat index. LLRS supplementation significantly regulated genes associated with glycerolipid metabolism and steroid hormone biosynthesis (Lpin1 and Ugt2b38), MLRS significantly regulated genes related to fatty acid degradation, fatty acid elongation, and glycerolipid metabolism (Lpin1, Hadha, Aldh3a2, and Acox1), whereas HLRS significantly regulated genes related to fatty acid elongation and glycerolipid metabolism (Lpin1, Elovl3, Elovol5, and Agpat3). The fatty acid-degradation pathway regulated by MLRS thus exerts better control of serum lipid levels, body weight, visceral fat index, and liver steatosis in mice compared with LLRS- and HLRS-regulated pathways.
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12
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Corn peptides ameliorate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress via the AMPKα/Sirt1 pathway in vivo and in vitro. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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13
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Li F, Liu K, Liu K. Chemical characterization of a new sulfated polysaccharide from Gracilaria chouae and its activation effects on RAW264.7 macrophages. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2022; 23:84-88. [PMID: 35029090 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2100508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the chemical composition of a new sulfated polysaccharide from the red alga Gracilaria chouae and evaluate its activation effects on RAW264.7 macrophages. It showed that the obtained G. chouae polysaccharide (GCP-3A) was a sulfated acidic polysaccharide with a molecular weight of 11.87 kDa. GCP-3A was composed of xylose, galactose, glucose, and mannose with a molar ratio of 3.00:29.28:0.63:0.45, and it contained α,β-glycosidic linkages. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a Congo red test showed that it was a heterogeneous polysaccharide with irregular interwoven sheets and rods, and did not have a triple-helix conformation. Furthermore, GCP-3A significantly promoted the proliferation of RAW264.7 macrophages and the secretion of nitric oxide (NO) in tests of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiahiazo-2-yl)-2,5-diphenytetrazoliumromide(MTT) and NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Kehai Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China. .,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Kewu Liu
- Heilongjiang Forest By-product and Speciality Institute, Mudanjiang 157011, China
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Long X, Hu X, Liu S, Pan C, Chen S, Li L, Qi B, Yang X. Insights on preparation, structure and activities of Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharide. Food Chem X 2021; 12:100153. [PMID: 34816120 PMCID: PMC8591341 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2021.100153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gracilaria lemaneiformis is a kind of edible economic red algae, which is rich in polysaccharide, phycobiliprotein, pigments, minerals and other nutrients and functional components. Polysaccharide is one of the main active components of Gracilaria lemaneiformis, which has been reported to present various physiological bioactivities, including regulation of glycolipid metabolism, immune, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and other biological activities. This paper aims to provide a brief summary of extraction, purification, structural characteristics, and physiological activities of Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharide (GLP). This article is able to provide theoretical basis for the future research and exploitation of GLP, and improve its potential development to promote the healthy and sustainable processing and high value utilization industry of Gracilaria lemaneiformis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Long
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Shucheng Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Chuang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Shengjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Laihao Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Bo Qi
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Xianqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
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Structural characterization and protective effects of polysaccharide from Gracilaria lemaneiformis on LPS-induced injury in IEC-6 cells. Food Chem X 2021; 12:100157. [PMID: 34816122 PMCID: PMC8593598 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2021.100157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to characterize Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharides and evaluate their protective effects on Lipopolysaccharide-induced injury in IEC-6 cells. The G. lemaneiformis polysaccharide was degraded by UV/H2O2 treatment and purified to three fractions named GLP-1.0 M, GLP-1.4 M and GLP-1.6 M. The purified fractions were mainly composed of galactose, glucose and xylose. The structural analysis showed that GLP-1.6 M was a typical sulfated red alga polysaccharide containing the linear backbone of β-(1 → 3)- and α-(1 → 4)-linked galactosyl residues, anhydro-galactose units. In the Lipopolysaccharide-induced IEC-6 cells model, GLP-1.6 M exerted the strongest in vitro anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the release and expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β by 89.93%, 67.82% and 38.06%, respectively. Meanwhile, GLP-1.6 M enhanced the intestinal barrier function via up-regulating the expressions of tight junctions and mucin. Therefore, the purified polysaccharide from G. lemaneiformis could be a promising candidate for maintaining intestinal health in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Optimized Degradation and Inhibition of α-glucosidase Activity by Gracilaria lemaneiformis Polysaccharide and Its Production In Vitro. Mar Drugs 2021; 20:md20010013. [PMID: 35049867 PMCID: PMC8777738 DOI: 10.3390/md20010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharide (GLP) exhibits good physiological activities, and it is more beneficial as it is degraded. After its degradation by hydrogen peroxide combined with vitamin C (H2O2-Vc) and optimized by Box–Behnken Design (BBD), a new product of GLP-HV will be generated. While using GLP as control, two products of GLP-H (H2O2-treated) and GLP-V (Vc-treated) were also produced. These products chemical characteristics (total sugar content, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, UV spectrum, morphological structure, and hypolipidemic activity in vitro) were assessed. The results showed that the optimal conditions for H2O2-Vc degradation were as follows: H2O2-Vc concentration was 18.7 mM, reaction time was 0.5 h, and reaction temperature was 56 °C. The total sugar content of GLP and its degradation products (GLP-HV, GLP-H and GLP-V) were more than 97%, and their monosaccharides are mainly glucose and galactose. The SEM analysis demonstrated that H2O2-Vc made the structure loose and broken. Moreover, GLP, GLP-HV, GLP-H, and GLP-V had significantly inhibition effect on α-glucosidase, and their IC50 value were 3.957, 0.265, 1.651, and 1.923 mg/mL, respectively. GLP-HV had the best inhibition effect on α-glucosidase in a dose-dependent manner, which was the mixed type of competitive and non-competitive. It had a certain quenching effect on fluorescence of α-glucosidase, which may be dynamic quenching.
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Fang T, Zhang X, Hu S, Yu Y, Sun X, Xu N. Enzymatic Degradation of Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis Polysaccharide and the Antioxidant Activity of Its Degradation Products. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:270. [PMID: 34066101 PMCID: PMC8150296 DOI: 10.3390/md19050270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis polysaccharides (GLP) were degraded using pectinase, glucoamylase, cellulase, xylanase, and β-dextranase into low-molecular-weight polysaccharides, namely, GPP, GGP, GCP, GXP, and GDP, respectively, and their antioxidant capacities were investigated. The degraded GLP showed higher antioxidant activities than natural GLP, and GDP exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. After the optimization of degradation conditions through single-factor and orthogonal optimization experiments, four polysaccharide fractions (GDP1, GDP2, GDP3, and GDP4) with high antioxidant abilities (hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, DPPH radical scavenging activity, reduction capacity, and total antioxidant capacity) were obtained. Their cytoprotective activities against H2O2-induced oxidative damage in human fetal lung fibroblast 1 (HFL1) cells were examined. Results suggested that GDP pretreatment can significantly improve cell viability, reduce reactive oxygen species and malonaldehyde levels, improve antioxidant enzyme activity and mitochondria membrane potential, and alleviate oxidative damage in HFL1 cells. Thus, the enzyme degradation of GLP with β-dextranase can significantly improve its antioxidant activity, and GDP might be a suitable source of natural antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (T.F.); (S.H.); (Y.Y.); (X.S.)
| | | | | | | | - Nianjun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (T.F.); (S.H.); (Y.Y.); (X.S.)
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Li X, Xie Q, Huang S, Shao P, You L, Pedisić S. Digestion & fermentation characteristics of sulfated polysaccharides from Gracilaria chouae using two extraction methods in vitro and in vivo. Food Res Int 2021; 145:110406. [PMID: 34112409 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The sulfated polysaccharides extracted from Gracilaria chouae using critic acid extraction and water extraction, respectively, and their digestion and fermentation characteristics were compared in vitro and in vivo. The molecular weight of water extracted polysaccharide of G. chouae (WGCP) was 1.73 × 103 kDa while critic acid extracted polysaccharide (CGCP) was 31.5 kDa. During stimulated gastrointestinal digestion in vitro, WGCP and CGCP were lightly degraded. However, the glycemic index (GI) of WGCP and CGCP were 17.7 and 36.12, respectively. After 24 h of fermentation in vitro, the pH values of CGLP in the fecal culture decreased from 6.89 to 4.82, similar to the inulin but significantly (p < 0.05) lower than those of the WGCP and normal control. In addition, CGCP and inulin showed similar microbial fermentation characteristics according to the microbiome compositions and contents of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Nevertheless, CGCP gavage for four weeks could also promote the growth of microbes producing the SCFAs such as Peptococcus, Roseburia and Butyricicoccus in the cecum of KM mice. The present study suggests that polysaccharides prepared by acid-extraction method could potentially be used as a good source of prebiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China; Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingtong Xie
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiming Huang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China; Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Shao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou Chaowang Road 18, 310014, China
| | - Lijun You
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China; Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China.
| | - Sandra Pedisić
- Faculty of Food Technology & Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Prolaz Kasandrića 6, 23000 Zadar, Croatia
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Gong Y, Ma Y, Cheung PCK, You L, Liao L, Pedisić S, Kulikouskaya V. Structural characteristics and anti-inflammatory activity of UV/H 2O 2-treated algal sulfated polysaccharide from Gracilaria lemaneiformis. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 152:112157. [PMID: 33789119 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to study the effects on structural characteristics and anti-inflammatory activities of algal sulfated polysaccharides isolated from Gracilaria lemaneiformis (GLP) after a combined treatment of UV irradiation (average irradiance of 6500 mJ/cm2) and H2O2 (50 mmol/L) for various time periods up to 60 min. After a 30-min treatment, the molecular weight and particle size of GLP was decreased by 15 and 2.6 fold, respectively with small but significant decrease in the contents of total sugars, uronic acids and proteins. There seemed to have no starch and the presence of longer side chains of branches in the GLP samples before and after UV/H2O2 treatment based on the I2-KI assay. Scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope analysis confirmed that the UV/H2O2 treatment could modify the surface morphology of GLP. GLP treated for 5 min possessed the strongest in vitro anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the production of nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 by 60.49%, 62.81% and 36.29%, respectively in IEC-6 cells when compared to the model. Therefore, UV/H2O2 treatment had the potential to enhance the anti-inflammatory activity of algal sulfated polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Gong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
| | - Yongxuan Ma
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510610, China; Guangzhou Liheng Clinical Nutrition Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, 510610, Guangdong, China
| | - Peter Chi-Keung Cheung
- Food & Nutritional Sciences Program, School of Life Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lijun You
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China; Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China.
| | - Lan Liao
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Technology, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, China
| | - Sandra Pedisić
- Faculty of Food Technology & Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Prolaz Kasandrića 6, 23000, Zadar, Croatia
| | - Viktoryia Kulikouskaya
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. 36F. Skaryna Str., Minsk, Belarus, 220141
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