Six weeks of Jilin ginseng root supplementation attenuates drop jump-related muscle injury markers in healthy female college students

Effect of Ginseng Intake on Muscle Damage Induced by Exercise in Healthy Adults

One of the most popular herbal supplements in the world is ginseng. Several studies have evaluated the capacity of ginseng as a protective element in the physiological response to exercise. The result produced by the exercise causes an increase in cellular biomarkers of damage in the skeletal muscle, mainly in the pro-inflammatory types. The different types of ginseng are composed of ginsenosides, which are active ingredients that act on the central nervous system and have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as effects on cortisol modulation. The use of ginseng as a nutritional supplement can help muscle regeneration and renewal. The objective of this review is to enrich the knowledge regarding the consumption of ginseng for a specific situation, such as exercise, which would cause an improvement in the tolerance to chronic load stimuli in sport, thus helping the subjects to recover between training sessions. Due to these benefits, it could also be an ideal food supplement for regenerative processes in muscle injuries in which inflammatory markers increase significantly. This review aims to summarise that biological factors can be attenuated after exercise due to the consumption of ginseng in healthy subjects, accelerating and improving muscle regeneration and, therefore, improving the ability to adapt to the stimuli generated by said exercise.

The purified extract of steamed Panax ginseng protects cardiomyocyte from ischemic injury via caveolin-1 phosphorylation-mediating calcium influx

Background

Caveolin-1, the scaffolding protein of cholesterol-rich invaginations, plays an important role in store-operated Ca2+ influx and its phosphorylation at Tyr14 (p-caveolin-1) is vital to mobilize protection against myocardial ischemia (MI) injury. SOCE, comprising STIM1, ORAI1 and TRPC1, contributes to intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) accumulation in cardiomyocytes. The purified extract of steamed Panax ginseng (EPG) attenuated [Ca2+]i overload against MI injury. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of EPG affecting p-caveolin-1 to further mediate SOCE/[Ca2+]i against MI injury in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and a rat model.

Methods

PP2, an inhibitor of p-caveolin-1, was used. Cell viability, [Ca2+]i concentration were analyzed in cardiomyocytes. In rats, myocardial infarct size, pathological damages, apoptosis and cardiac fibrosis were evaluated, p-caveolin-1 and STIM1 were detected by immunofluorescence, and the levels of caveolin-1, STIM1, ORAI1 and TRPC1 were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot. And, release of LDH, cTnI and BNP was measured.

Results

EPG, ginsenosides accounting for 57.96%, suppressed release of LDH, cTnI and BNP, and protected cardiomyocytes by inhibiting Ca2+ influx. And, EPG significantly relieved myocardial infarct size, cardiac apoptosis, fibrosis, and ultrastructure abnormality. Moreover, EPG negatively regulated SOCE via increasing p-caveolin-1 protein, decreasing ORAI1 mRNA and protein levels of ORAI1, TRPC1 and STIM1. More importantly, inhibition of the p-caveolin-1 significantly suppressed all of the above cardioprotection of EPG.

Conclusions

Caveolin-1 phosphorylation is involved in the protective effects of EPG against MI injury via increasing p-caveolin-1 to negatively regulate SOCE/[Ca2+]i.

INJURIES BY FATIGUE FROM AEROBIC TRAINING IN JUMPING ATHLETES

ABSTRACT Introduction The increasingly tense and aggressive competition in the competitive sports field has led to a continuous increase in the athletes’ exercise load. Sports injuries resulting from this increased load are also increasing. Research in this area helps prevent jumping sports injuries and guides protocols for treatment. Currently, research on sports injuries in athletics jumping events is relatively rare. Objective This paper examines sports injuries in sport jumping athletes. Methods This article investigates injuries in 16 vault athletes with 5 to 10 years of training. Results Distance jumping is a significant risk factor for anterior cruciate ligament injuries. The risk of injury when landing on one foot is more significant than when landing on both feet. Especially when the body is in a state of neuromuscular fatigue, this will significantly increase the risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury. Conclusion Excessive local exercise load, incorrect technical movements, and physical fatigue are the leading causes of sports injuries. Coaches should organize training and competitions reasonably. Athletes need to reinforce the protection of the knees, ankles, and other frequently injured parts. Evidence Level II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the result.

The Influence of Repeated Drop Jump Training on Countermovement Jump Performance

Countermovement jump (CMJ) is used to assess athletic performance of the lower limbs. Drop jump (DJ) is an effect training method that can improve athlete’s jumping performance. The main purpose of this study is to explore the effects of different drop jump heights (DJH)30, DJH40, and DJH50 cm for 250 drop jumps (DJs250) on CMJ. Eighteen male athletes were selected as subjects. After the 50th, 100th, 150th, 200th, and 250th DJs, perform 5 groups of CMJ (the average of 3 times for each group) and record them as the 50th, 100th, 150th, 200th, and 250th CMJ jumps (CMJs50, CMJs100, CMJs150, CMJs200, and CMJs250). The BTS motion capture system and two force plates are used to record data. The MATLAB software was used to analyze data through one-way ANOVA repeated measures. If there is a significant difference, the LSD method is used for post hoc comparison. Jump height (JH), contact time (CT), reaction intensity index (RSI), average rate of force development (ARFD), left average rate of force development (LARFD), and right average rate of force development (RARFD) of CMJs50, CMJs100, CMJs150, and CMJs200 at DJH50 were greater than those at DJH40 and DJH30 (all $p<0.05$ ). DJH50 height and DJs200 training times can improve SSC mechanism and improve athlete CMJ performance.