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Abstract
AIBN is a convenient electrophilic cyanation reagent for transforming ArLi into ArCN under mild conditions. The addition/fragmentation cascade is controlled by Li···N chelation in which AIBN nitrogens assist in the nearly barrierless fragmentation into the desired ArCN product. Acidic C-H bonds in the fragmented byproduct partially consume ArLi by protonation. Density functional theory calculations and isotopic labeling probe the mechanism and explain the switch to substituted hydrazones in reactions with BuLi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quintin Elliott
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Igor V Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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2
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Wang J, Yang X, Li N, Wang L. NH
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Br‐Promoted Single‐Step and Transition‐Metal‐Free Conversion of Aldehydes to Nitriles in Ammonia Water. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- School of Pharmacy Yancheng Teachers University Yancheng 224007 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Xiao‐Qin Yang
- School of Pharmacy Yancheng Teachers University Yancheng 224007 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Na Li
- School of Pharmacy Yancheng Teachers University Yancheng 224007 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Li.‐Li Wang
- School of Pharmacy Yancheng Teachers University Yancheng 224007 Jiangsu Province China
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3
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Cui Y, Zhao Y, Shen J, Zhang G, Ding C. The stable "F-SO 2 +" donor provides a mild and efficient approach to nitriles and amides. RSC Adv 2022; 12:33064-33068. [PMID: 36425170 PMCID: PMC9672908 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05890a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In this update, we developed a mild, efficient and practical method using fluorosulfuryl imidazolium salt A as an environment friendly promoter for conversion of oximes to nitriles or amides via β-elimination or Beckmann rearrangement in almost quantitative yield in 10 minutes. The target products were generated in gram-scale and could be collected through crystallization without silica gel column purification in excellent yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Cui
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Yiyong Zhao
- Zhejiang Ecological Environment Low Carbon Development Center Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Junjie Shen
- Zhejiang Kefeng New Material Co. LTD Huzhou 313200 P. R. China
| | - Guofu Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Chengrong Ding
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
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4
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Sulfur-promoted, one-pot, and metal-free conversion of aromatic aldehydes to nitriles using an inorganic ammonium salt as the nitrogen source. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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5
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Pan L, Fu W, Zhang L, Wang S, Tang T. Highly dispersed Co species in N-doped carbon enhanced the aldehydes ammoxidation reaction activity. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.112087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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6
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Xu L, Hu Y, Zhu X, He L, Wu Q, Li C, Xia C, Liu C. Momentary Clicking Nitrile Synthesis Enabled by an Aminoazanium Reagent. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00560c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Achieving fast and selective functional group interconversion is crucial for improving synthetic efficiency in nowadays chemical science. In this context, we report a momentary and selective Schmidt-type nitrile synthesis. The...
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7
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Jat JL, Kumar P, Verma S, Chandra D, Singh V, Tiwari B. Metal-free synthesis of secondary amides using N-Boc- O-tosylhydroxylamine as nitrogen source via Beckmann rearrangement. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj02755k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient methodology for the direct synthesis of secondary amides from ketones has been developed by using N-Boc-O-tosylhydroxylamine (TsONHBoc).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawahar L. Jat
- Department of Chemistry, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, India
| | - Puneet Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, India
| | - Saumya Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, India
| | - Dinesh Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, India
| | - Vikram Singh
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS-Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, India
| | - Bhoopendra Tiwari
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS-Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, India
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8
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Liu W, Tang P, Zheng Y, Ren YL, Tian X, An W, Zheng X, Guo Y, Shen Z. Cu 2 O-Catalyzed Conversion of Benzyl Alcohols Into Aromatic Nitriles via the Complete Cleavage of the C≡N Triple Bond in the Cyanide Anion. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:3509-3513. [PMID: 34523819 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen transfer from cyanide anion to an aldehyde is emerging as a promising method for the synthesis of aromatic nitriles. However, this method still suffers from a disadvantage that a use of stoichiometric Cu(II) or Cu(I) salts is required to enable the reaction. As we report herein, we overcame this drawback and developed a catalytic method for nitrogen transfer from cyanide anion to an alcohol via the complete cleavage of the C≡N triple bond using phen/Cu2 O as the catalyst. The present condition allowed a series of benzyl alcohols to be smoothly converted into aromatic nitriles in moderate to high yields. In addition, the present method could be extended to the conversion of cinnamic alcohol to 3-phenylacrylonitrile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Liu
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, P. R. China) (Y.-L. Ren) (X. Z. Tian) (X. F. Zheng
| | - Peichen Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zheng
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, P. R. China) (Y.-L. Ren) (X. Z. Tian) (X. F. Zheng
| | - Yun-Lai Ren
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, P. R. China) (Y.-L. Ren) (X. Z. Tian) (X. F. Zheng
| | - Xinzhe Tian
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, P. R. China) (Y.-L. Ren) (X. Z. Tian) (X. F. Zheng
| | - Wankai An
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, P. R. China) (Y.-L. Ren) (X. Z. Tian) (X. F. Zheng
| | - Xianfu Zheng
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, P. R. China) (Y.-L. Ren) (X. Z. Tian) (X. F. Zheng
| | - Yinggang Guo
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, P. R. China) (Y.-L. Ren) (X. Z. Tian) (X. F. Zheng
| | - Zhenpeng Shen
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, P. R. China) (Y.-L. Ren) (X. Z. Tian) (X. F. Zheng
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9
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Xu L, Zhang SZ, Li W, Zhang ZH. Visible-Light-Mediated Oxidative Amidation of Aldehydes by Using Magnetic CdS Quantum Dots as a Photocatalyst. Chemistry 2021; 27:5483-5491. [PMID: 33403733 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A magnetic CdS quantum dot (Fe3 O4 /polydopamine (PDA)/CdS) was synthesized through a facile and convenient method from inexpensive starting materials. Characterization of the prepared catalyst was performed by means of FTIR spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, TEM, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and vibrating-sample magnetometer techniques. Fe3 O4 /PDA/CdS was found to be a highly active photocatalyst for the amidation of aromatic aldehydes by using air as a clean oxidant under mild conditions. The photocatalyst can be recovered by magnetic separation and successfully reused for five cycles without considerable loss of its catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Shuai-Zheng Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Zhan-Hui Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, P.R. China
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10
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Xiang S, Li Y, Fan W, Jin J, Zhang W, Huang D. Copper(II)-Dioxygen Facilitated Activation of Nitromethane: Nitrogen Donors for the Synthesis of Substituted 2-Hydroxyimino-2-phenylacetonitriles and Phthalimides. Front Chem 2021; 8:622867. [PMID: 33585402 PMCID: PMC7878530 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.622867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple and efficient method is explored for the synthesis of 2-hydroxyimino-2-phenylacetonitriles (2) and phthalimides (4), by using nitromethane as nitrogen donors. Both reactions are promoted by Cu(II) system with the participation of dioxygen as an oxidant. The scope of the method has been successfully demonstrated with a total of 51 examples. The flexible and diversified characteristics of reactions are introduced in terms of electronic effect, steric effect, position of substituted groups, and intramolecular charge transfer. Experimental studies suggest that the methyl nitrite could be a precursor in the path to the final products. A possible reaction mechanism is proposed, including the Cu(II)/O2-facilitated transformation of nitromethane to methyl nitrite, the base-induced formation of 2-hydroxyimino-2-phenylacetonitriles, and the base-dioxygen-promoted formation of phthalimides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqun Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yinghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weibin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Deguang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China
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Paymode D, Cardoso FSP, Agrawal T, Tomlin JW, Cook DW, Burns JM, Stringham RW, Sieber JD, Gupton BF, Snead DR. Expanding Access to Remdesivir via an Improved Pyrrolotriazine Synthesis: Supply Centered Synthesis. Org Lett 2020; 22:7656-7661. [PMID: 32931286 PMCID: PMC7536717 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pyrrolotriazine 1 is an important precursor to remdesivir. Initial results toward an efficient synthesis are disclosed consisting of sequential cyanation, amination, and triazine formation beginning from pyrrole. This route makes use of highly abundant, commoditized raw material inputs. The yield of triazine was doubled from 31% to 59%, and the synthetic step count was reduced from 4 to 2. These efforts help to secure the remdesivir supply chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh
J. Paymode
- Chemical
Development, Medicines for All Institute, 737 North Fifth Street, Box 980100, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0100, United States
| | - Flavio S. P. Cardoso
- Chemical
Development, Medicines for All Institute, 737 North Fifth Street, Box 980100, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0100, United States
| | - Toolika Agrawal
- Chemical
Development, Medicines for All Institute, 737 North Fifth Street, Box 980100, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0100, United States
| | - John W. Tomlin
- Chemical
Development, Medicines for All Institute, 737 North Fifth Street, Box 980100, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0100, United States
| | - Daniel W. Cook
- Analytical
Development, Medicines for All Institute, 737 North Fifth Street, Box 980100, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0100, United States
| | - Justina M. Burns
- Analytical
Development, Medicines for All Institute, 737 North Fifth Street, Box 980100, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0100, United States
| | - Rodger W. Stringham
- Analytical
Development, Medicines for All Institute, 737 North Fifth Street, Box 980100, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0100, United States
| | - Joshua D. Sieber
- Chemical
Development, Medicines for All Institute, 737 North Fifth Street, Box 980100, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0100, United States
| | - B. Frank Gupton
- Chemical
Development, Medicines for All Institute, 737 North Fifth Street, Box 980100, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0100, United States
| | - David R. Snead
- Chemical
Development, Medicines for All Institute, 737 North Fifth Street, Box 980100, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0100, United States
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