1
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Wang Y, Li X, Meng H, Tao R, Qian J, Fu C, Luo J, Xie J, Fu Y. Acoustofluidic Diversity Achieved by Multiple Modes of Acoustic Waves Generated on Piezoelectric-Film-Coated Aluminum Sheets. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:45119-45130. [PMID: 39143893 PMCID: PMC11367575 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c06480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Excitation of multiple acoustic wave modes on a single chip is beneficial to implement diversified acoustofluidic functions. Conventional acoustic wave devices made of bulk LiNbO3 substrates generally generate few acoustic wave modes once the crystal-cut and electrode pattern are defined, limiting the realization of acoustofluidic diversity. In this paper, we demonstrated diversity of acoustofluidic behaviors using multiple modes of acoustic waves generated on piezoelectric-thin-film-coated aluminum sheets. Multiple acoustic wave modes were excited by varying the ratios between IDT pitch/wavelength and substrate thickness. Through systematic investigation of fluidic actuation behaviors and performances using these acoustic wave modes, we demonstrated fluidic actuation diversities using various acoustic wave modes and showed that the Rayleigh mode, pseudo-Rayleigh mode, and A0 mode of Lamb wave generally have better fluidic actuation performance than those of Sezawa mode and higher-order modes of Lamb wave, providing guidance for high-performance acoustofluidic actuation platform design. Additionally, we demonstrated diversified particle patterning functions, either on two sides of acoustic wave device or on a glass sheet by coupling acoustic waves into the glass using the gel. The pattern formation mechanisms were investigated through finite element simulations of acoustic pressure fields under different experimental configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou City
University, Hangzhou 310015, China
- The
State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Faculty
of Engineering and Environment, University
of Northumbria, Newcastle upon
Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
| | - Xianbin Li
- Anhui
Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument,
School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Hui Meng
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou City
University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Ran Tao
- Faculty
of Engineering and Environment, University
of Northumbria, Newcastle upon
Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
- Shenzhen
Key Laboratory of Advanced Thin Films and Applications, College of
Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jingui Qian
- Anhui
Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument,
School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Chen Fu
- Shenzhen
Key Laboratory of Advanced Thin Films and Applications, College of
Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jingting Luo
- Shenzhen
Key Laboratory of Advanced Thin Films and Applications, College of
Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jin Xie
- The
State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yongqing Fu
- Faculty
of Engineering and Environment, University
of Northumbria, Newcastle upon
Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
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2
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Zhang N, Zhang Y. Correlation between gyral size, brain size, and head impact risk across mammalian species. Brain Res 2024; 1828:148768. [PMID: 38244756 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
A study on primates has established that gyral size is largely independent of overall brain size. Building on this-and other research suggesting that brain gyrification may mitigate the effects of head impacts-our study aims to explore potential correlations between gyral size and the risk of head impact across a diverse range of mammalian species. Our findings corroborate the idea that gyral sizes are largely independent of brain sizes, especially among species with larger brains, thus extending this observation beyond primates. Preliminary evidence also suggests a correlation between an animal's gyral size and its lifestyle, particularly in terms of head-impact risk. For instance, goats, known for their headbutting behaviors, exhibit smaller gyral sizes. In contrast, species such as manatees and dugongs, which typically face lower risks of head impact, have lissencephalic brains. Additionally, we explore mechanisms that may explain how narrower gyral sizes could offer protective advantages against head impact. Finally, we discuss a possible trade-off associated with gyrencephaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianqin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- Science College, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123000, China.
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3
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Dumčius P, Mikhaylov R, Zhang X, Bareford M, Stringer M, Errington R, Sun C, Gonzalez E, Krukovski T, Falcon-Perez JM, Liang D, Fu YQ, Clayton A, Yang X. Dual-Wave Acoustofluidic Centrifuge for Ultrafast Concentration of Nanoparticles and Extracellular Vesicles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2300390. [PMID: 37118859 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted nanostructures that play various roles in critical cancer processes. They operate as an intercellular communication system, transferring complex sets of biomolecules from cell to cell. The concentration of EVs is difficult to decipher, and there is an unmet technological need for improved (faster, simpler, and gentler) approaches to isolate EVs from complex matrices. Herein, an acoustofluidic concentration of extracellular vesicles (ACEV) is presented, based on a thin-film printed circuit board with interdigital electrodes mounted on a piezoelectric substrate. An angle of 120° is identified between the electrodes and the reference flat of the piezoelectric substrate for simultaneous generation of Rayleigh and shear horizontal waves. The dual waves create a complex acoustic field in a droplet, resulting in effective concentration of nanoparticles and EVs. The ACEV is able to concentrate 20 nm nanospheres within 105 s and four EV dilutions derived from the human prostate cancer (Du145) cell line in approximately 30 s. Cryo-electron microscopy confirmed the preservation of EV integrity. The ACEV device holds great potential to revolutionize investigations of EVs. Its faster, simpler, and gentler approach to EV isolation and concentration can save time and effort in phenotypic and functional studies of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Povilas Dumčius
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF243AA, UK
| | - Roman Mikhaylov
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF243AA, UK
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF243AA, UK
| | - Matthew Bareford
- Tissue Micro-Environment Group, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF144XN, UK
| | - Mercedes Stringer
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF243AA, UK
| | - Rachel Errington
- Tissue Micro-Environment Group, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF144XN, UK
| | - Chao Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Esperanza Gonzalez
- Exosomes Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE-BRTA, CIBERehd, Bizkaia Technology Park, Bilbao, 48160, Spain
| | - Tomaš Krukovski
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Sensor Technology, Institute of Engineering, Hanze University Groningen, AS Groningen, 119747, Netherlands
| | - Juan M Falcon-Perez
- Exosomes Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE-BRTA, CIBERehd, Bizkaia Technology Park, Bilbao, 48160, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas Y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, 28029, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48011, Spain
| | - Dongfang Liang
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK
| | - Yong-Qing Fu
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Aled Clayton
- Tissue Micro-Environment Group, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF144XN, UK
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF243AA, UK
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4
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Ba Hashwan SS, Khir MHM, Nawi IM, Ahmad MR, Hanif M, Zahoor F, Al-Douri Y, Algamili AS, Bature UI, Alabsi SS, Sabbea MOB, Junaid M. A review of piezoelectric MEMS sensors and actuators for gas detection application. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2023; 18:25. [PMID: 36847870 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-023-03779-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Piezoelectric microelectromechanical system (piezo-MEMS)-based mass sensors including the piezoelectric microcantilevers, surface acoustic waves (SAW), quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer (PMUT), and film bulk acoustic wave resonators (FBAR) are highlighted as suitable candidates for highly sensitive gas detection application. This paper presents the piezo-MEMS gas sensors' characteristics such as their miniaturized structure, the capability of integration with readout circuit, and fabrication feasibility using multiuser technologies. The development of the piezoelectric MEMS gas sensors is investigated for the application of low-level concentration gas molecules detection. In this work, the various types of gas sensors based on piezoelectricity are investigated extensively including their operating principle, besides their material parameters as well as the critical design parameters, the device structures, and their sensing materials including the polymers, carbon, metal-organic framework, and graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed S Ba Hashwan
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Haris Md Khir
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Malaysia
| | - Illani Mohd Nawi
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Radzi Ahmad
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Malaysia
| | - Mehwish Hanif
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Malaysia
| | - Furqan Zahoor
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Malaysia
| | - Y Al-Douri
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Piri Reis University, Eflatun Sk. No: 8, 34940, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Applied Science and Astronomy, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdullah Saleh Algamili
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Malaysia
| | - Usman Isyaku Bature
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Malaysia
| | - Sami Sultan Alabsi
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed O Ba Sabbea
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Muhammad Junaid
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Malaysia
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, 87300, Pakistan
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5
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McKibben N, Ryel B, Manzi J, Muramutsa F, Daw J, Subbaraman H, Estrada D, Deng Z. Aerosol jet printing of piezoelectric surface acoustic wave thermometer. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2023; 9:51. [PMID: 37152863 PMCID: PMC10159840 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00492-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices are a subclass of micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) that generate an acoustic emission when electrically stimulated. These transducers also work as detectors, converting surface strain into readable electrical signals. Physical properties of the generated SAW are material dependent and influenced by external factors like temperature. By monitoring temperature-dependent scattering parameters a SAW device can function as a thermometer to elucidate substrate temperature. Traditional fabrication of SAW sensors requires labor- and cost- intensive subtractive processes that produce large volumes of hazardous waste. This study utilizes an innovative aerosol jet printer to directly write consistent, high-resolution, silver comb electrodes onto a Y-cut LiNbO3 substrate. The printed, two-port, 20 MHz SAW sensor exhibited excellent linearity and repeatability while being verified as a thermometer from 25 to 200 ∘C. Sensitivities of the printed SAW thermometer are - 96.9 × 1 0 - 6 ∘ C-1 and - 92.0 × 1 0 - 6 ∘ C-1 when operating in pulse-echo mode and pulse-receiver mode, respectively. These results highlight a repeatable path to the additive fabrication of compact high-frequency SAW thermometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas McKibben
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, 1910 W University Drive, Boise, ID 83725 USA
| | - Blake Ryel
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725 USA
| | - Jacob Manzi
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, 2500 NW Monroe Avenue, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - Florent Muramutsa
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, 1910 W University Drive, Boise, ID 83725 USA
| | - Joshua Daw
- Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA
| | - Harish Subbaraman
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, 2500 NW Monroe Avenue, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - David Estrada
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, 1910 W University Drive, Boise, ID 83725 USA
- Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA
- Center for Advanced Energy Studies, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA
| | - Zhangxian Deng
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725 USA
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6
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Yang D, Haworth L, Agrawal P, Tao R, McHale G, Torun H, Martin J, Luo J, Hou X, Fu Y. Dynamic Mitigation Mechanisms of Rime Icing with Propagating Surface Acoustic Waves. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:11314-11323. [PMID: 36070605 PMCID: PMC9494940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ice accretion on economically valuable and strategically important surfaces poses significant challenges. Current anti-/de-icing techniques often have critical issues regarding their efficiency, convenience, long-term stability, or sustainability. As an emerging ice mitigation strategy, the thin-film surface acoustic wave (SAW) has great potentials due to its high energy efficiency and effective integration on structural surfaces. However, anti-/de-icing processes activated by SAWs involve complex interfacial evolution and phase changes, and it is crucial to understand the nature of dynamic solid-liquid-vapor phase changes and ice nucleation, growth, and melting events under SAW agitation. In this study, we systematically investigated the accretion and removal of porous rime ice from structural surfaces activated by SAWs. We found that icing and de-icing processes are strongly linked with the dynamical interfacial phase and structure changes of rime ice under SAW activation and the acousto-thermally induced localized heating that facilitate the melting of ice crystals. Subsequently, interactions of SAWs with the formed thin water layer at the ice/structure interface result in significant streaming effects that lead to further damage and melting of ice, liquid pumping, jetting, or nebulization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyu Yang
- Faculty
of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Luke Haworth
- Faculty
of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria
University, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 8ST, U.K.
| | - Prashant Agrawal
- Faculty
of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria
University, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 8ST, U.K.
| | - Ran Tao
- Shenzhen
Key Laboratory of Advanced Thin Films and Applications, College of
Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Glen McHale
- School
of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, U.K.
| | - Hamdi Torun
- Faculty
of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria
University, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 8ST, U.K.
| | - James Martin
- Faculty
of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria
University, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 8ST, U.K.
| | - Jingting Luo
- Shenzhen
Key Laboratory of Advanced Thin Films and Applications, College of
Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xianghui Hou
- Faculty
of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - YongQing Fu
- Faculty
of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria
University, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 8ST, U.K.
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7
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Zheng Z, Li Z, Du Q. Numerical simulation of optical refractometric sensing of multiple disease markers based on lab-in-a-fiber. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:20783-20795. [PMID: 36224815 DOI: 10.1364/oe.454050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A multi-parameter optical refractometric sensor based on lab-in-a-fiber is proposed and its sensing properties have been investigated. Based on the particular three suspended-core fiber, the sensor has three channels for liquid circulation and three suspended cores for detection. The multiple disease markers can be detected by coating the specific bio-recognition layer on the surface of three channels. The bio-recognition layer thickness, representing the concentration of the disease markers, can then be measured by the wavelength of fiber Bragg grating inscribed in each suspended core. Owing to the triple symmetry of the fiber, the sensitivity of each core is similar. The simulation results show that the grating wavelength linearly changes with the bio-recognition layer thickness variation. Through the sensitivity matrix, the sensitivity of the sensor is 0.362 nm/nm and the sensing accuracy is ± 1 nm.
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8
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Ji Z, Zhou J, Lin H, Wu J, Zhang D, Garner S, Gu A, Dong S, Fu Y, Duan H. Flexible thin-film acoustic wave devices with off-axis bending characteristics for multisensing applications. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2021; 7:97. [PMID: 34900331 PMCID: PMC8626450 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-021-00325-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Flexible surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices have recently attracted tremendous attention for their widespread application in sensing and microfluidics. However, for these applications, SAW devices often need to be bent into off-axis deformations between the acoustic wave propagation direction and bending direction. Currently, there are few studies on this topic, and the bending mechanisms during off-axis bending deformations have remained unexplored for multisensing applications. Herein, we fabricated aluminum nitride (AlN) flexible SAW devices by using high-quality AlN films deposited on flexible glass substrates and systematically investigated their complex deformation behaviors. A theoretical model was first developed using coupling wave equations and the boundary condition method to analyze the characteristics of the device with bending and off-axis deformation under elastic strains. The relationships between the frequency shifts of the SAW device and the bending strain and off-axis angle were obtained, and the results were identical to those from the theoretical calculations. Finally, we performed proof-of-concept demonstrations of its multisensing potential by monitoring human wrist movements at various off-axis angles and detecting UV light intensities on a curved surface, thus paving the way for the application of versatile flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangbin Ji
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, 410082 Changsha, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, 410082 Changsha, China
| | - Huamao Lin
- Shanghai Industrial μTechnology Research Institute (SITRI), 235 Chengbei Rd, 201800 Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhui Wu
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, 410082 Changsha, China
| | - Dinghong Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, 410082 Changsha, China
| | - Sean Garner
- Corning Research & Development Corporation, One River Front Plaza, Newark, NY 14831 USA
| | - Alex Gu
- Shanghai Industrial μTechnology Research Institute (SITRI), 235 Chengbei Rd, 201800 Shanghai, China
| | - Shurong Dong
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, China
| | - YongQing Fu
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST UK
| | - Huigao Duan
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, 410082 Changsha, China
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