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Firth G, Yu Z, Bartnicka JJ, Parker D, Kim J, Sunassee K, Greenwood HE, Al-Salamee F, Jauregui-Osoro M, Di Pietro A, Guzman J, Blower PJ. Imaging zinc trafficking in vivo by positron emission tomography with zinc-62. Metallomics 2022; 14:mfac076. [PMID: 36201445 PMCID: PMC9578021 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfac076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Non-invasive imaging techniques to dynamically map whole-body trafficking of essential metals in vivo in health and diseases are needed. Despite 62Zn having appropriate physical properties for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging (half-life, 9.3 h; positron emission, 8.2%), its complex decay via 62Cu (half-life, 10 min; positron emission, 97%) has limited its use. We aimed to develop a method to extract 62Zn from a 62Zn/62Cu generator, and to investigate its use for in vivo imaging of zinc trafficking despite its complex decay. 62Zn prepared by proton irradiation of natural copper foil was used to construct a conventional 62Zn/62Cu generator. 62Zn was eluted using trisodium citrate and used for biological experiments, compared with 64Cu in similar buffer. PET/CT imaging and ex vivo tissue radioactivity measurements were performed following intravenous injection in healthy mice. [62Zn]Zn-citrate was readily eluted from the generator with citrate buffer. PET imaging with the eluate demonstrated biodistribution similar to previous observations with the shorter-lived 63Zn (half-life 38.5 min), with significant differences compared to [64Cu]Cu-citrate, notably in pancreas (>10-fold higher at 1 h post-injection). Between 4 and 24 h, 62Zn retention in liver, pancreas, and kidney declined over time, while brain uptake increased. Like 64Cu, 62Zn showed hepatobiliary excretion from liver to intestines, unaffected by fasting. Although it offers limited reliability of scanning before 1 h post-injection, 62Zn-PET allows investigation of zinc trafficking in vivo for >24 h and hence provides a useful new tool to investigate diseases where zinc homeostasis is disrupted in preclinical models and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Firth
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Zilin Yu
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Joanna J Bartnicka
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - David Parker
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Jana Kim
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Kavitha Sunassee
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Hannah E Greenwood
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Fahad Al-Salamee
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Maite Jauregui-Osoro
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Alberto Di Pietro
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Joanna Guzman
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Philip J Blower
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
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Gawne P, Man F, Blower PJ, T. M. de Rosales R. Direct Cell Radiolabeling for in Vivo Cell Tracking with PET and SPECT Imaging. Chem Rev 2022; 122:10266-10318. [PMID: 35549242 PMCID: PMC9185691 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The arrival of cell-based therapies is a revolution in medicine. However, its safe clinical application in a rational manner depends on reliable, clinically applicable methods for determining the fate and trafficking of therapeutic cells in vivo using medical imaging techniques─known as in vivo cell tracking. Radionuclide imaging using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or positron emission tomography (PET) has several advantages over other imaging modalities for cell tracking because of its high sensitivity (requiring low amounts of probe per cell for imaging) and whole-body quantitative imaging capability using clinically available scanners. For cell tracking with radionuclides, ex vivo direct cell radiolabeling, that is, radiolabeling cells before their administration, is the simplest and most robust method, allowing labeling of any cell type without the need for genetic modification. This Review covers the development and application of direct cell radiolabeling probes utilizing a variety of chemical approaches: organic and inorganic/coordination (radio)chemistry, nanomaterials, and biochemistry. We describe the key early developments and the most recent advances in the field, identifying advantages and disadvantages of the different approaches and informing future development and choice of methods for clinical and preclinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter
J. Gawne
- School
of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, U.K.
| | - Francis Man
- School
of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, U.K.
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer
and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 9NH, U.K.
| | - Philip J. Blower
- School
of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, U.K.
| | - Rafael T. M. de Rosales
- School
of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, U.K.
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Jauregui-Osoro M, De Robertis S, Halsted P, Gould SM, Yu Z, Paul RL, Marsden PK, Gee AD, Fenwick A, Blower PJ. Production of copper-64 using a hospital cyclotron: targetry, purification and quality analysis. Nucl Med Commun 2021; 42:1024-1038. [PMID: 34397988 PMCID: PMC8357037 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000001422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To construct and evaluate a 64Cu production system that minimises the amount of costly 64Ni, radionuclidic impurities and nonradioactive metal contamination and maximises radiochemical and radionuclidic purity and molar activity; and to report analytical and quality control methods that can be used within typical PET radiochemistry production facilities to measure metal ion concentrations and radiometal molar activities. METHODS Low volume was ensured by dissolving the irradiated nickel in a low volume of hydrochloric acid (<1 mL) using the concave gold target backing as a reaction vessel in a custom-built target holder. Removal of contaminating 55Co and nonradioactive trace metals was ensured by adding an intermediate hydrochloric acid concentration step during the conventional ion-exchange elution process. The radionuclidic purity of the product was determined by half-life measurements, gamma spectroscopy and ion radiochromatography. Trace metal contamination and molar activity were determined by ion chromatography. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS On a small scale, suitable for preclinical research, the process produced typically 3.2 GBq 64Cu in 2 mL solution from 9.4 ± 2.1 mg nickel-64 electroplated onto a gold target backing. The product had high molar activity (121.5 GBq/µmol), was free of trace metal contamination detectable by ion chromatography and has been used for many preclinical and clinical PET imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite Jauregui-Osoro
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St Thomas’ Hospital
| | - Simona De Robertis
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St Thomas’ Hospital
| | - Philip Halsted
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St Thomas’ Hospital
| | - Sarah-May Gould
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St Thomas’ Hospital
| | - Zilin Yu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St Thomas’ Hospital
| | - Rowena L Paul
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St Thomas’ Hospital
| | - Paul K Marsden
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St Thomas’ Hospital
| | - Antony D Gee
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St Thomas’ Hospital
| | - Andrew Fenwick
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, London, UK
| | - Philip J. Blower
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St Thomas’ Hospital
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Ramek M, Pejić J, Sabolović J. Structure prediction of neutral physiological copper(II) compounds with l-cysteine and l-histidine. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 223:111536. [PMID: 34274876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Bis(aminoacidato)copper(II) [CuII(aa)2] coordination compounds are the physiological species of copper(II) amino acid compounds in blood plasma. Since there are no experimental data in the literature about the geometries that physiological CuII(aa)2 could form with l-cysteine (Cys), that is, for bis(l-cysteinato)copper(II) [Cu(Cys)2] and the ternary (l-histidinato)(l-cysteinato)copper(II) [Cu(His)(Cys)], this paper computationally examines the possible conformations that the two compounds could form with the Cys ligand having a protonated sulfur, as in the conventional zwitterion, which was determined to be prevailing in aqueous solution. These two amino acids can bind metals in a tridentate fashion and thus form many possible coordination patterns. Density functional calculations were performed for the conformational analyses in the gas phase and in implicitly modeled aqueous solution using a polarizable continuum model. Additionally, we examine which coordination mode, with thiol or thiolate group, is more stable. The Cys coordination via the amino N and carboxylato O atoms (a glycinato mode) is obtained as the most stable one in aqueous Cu(Cys)2, and also in Cu(His)(Cys) when the His glycinato or histaminato mode combines with the intact thiol group. Whereas the conformers with N and thiol S as the copper(II) donor atoms are predicted to be the least stable, those with the Cu-N and Cu-S(thiolate) bonding (and protonated carboxylato group) are the most stable. The differences are explained by different covalent and ionic contributions of Cu-S(thiol) vs. Cu-S(thiolate). The study can contribute to the insight into formation and reactivity of the copper(II) cysteinato complexes in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ramek
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Jelena Pejić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasmina Sabolović
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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