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Alexander E, Leong KW. Nanodiamonds in biomedical research: Therapeutic applications and beyond. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae198. [PMID: 38983694 PMCID: PMC11231952 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Nanodiamonds (NDs) comprise a family of carbon-based nanomaterials (i.e. diameter <100 nm) with the same sp3 lattice structure that gives natural diamonds their exceptional hardness and electrical insulating properties. Among all carbon nanomaterials-e.g. carbon nanotubes, nanodots, and fullerenes-NDs are of particular interest for biomedical applications because they offer high biocompatibility, stability in vivo, and a dynamic surface chemistry that can be manipulated to perform a seemingly limitless variety of ultra-specific tasks. NDs are already deepening our understanding of basic biological processes, while numerous laboratories continue studying these nanomaterials with an aim of making seismic improvements in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of human diseases. This review surveys approximately 2,000 the most recent articles published in the last 5 years and includes references to more than 150 of the most relevant publications on the biomedical applications of NDs. The findings are categorized by contemporary lines of investigation based on potential applications, namely: genetics and gene editing, drug delivery systems, neural interfacing, biomedical sensors, synthetic biology, and organ and tissue regeneration. This review also includes a brief background of NDs and the methods currently developed for their synthesis and preparation. Finally, recommendations for future investigations are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Alexander
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Kam W Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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2
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Le T, Hsin R, Vo D, Tzeng Y, Le, T, Hsiao W. Nanoscale Thermometry with Fluorescent Nanodiamonds. NANODIAMONDS IN ANALYTICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2023:156-170. [DOI: 10.1002/9781394202164.ch9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
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Nunn N, Milikisiyants S, Torelli MD, Monge R, Delord T, Shames AI, Meriles CA, Ajoy A, Smirnov AI, Shenderova OA. Optical and electronic spin properties of fluorescent micro- and nanodiamonds upon prolonged ultrahigh-temperature annealing. JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. B, NANOTECHNOLOGY & MICROELECTRONICS : MATERIALS, PROCESSING, MEASUREMENT, & PHENOMENA : JVST B 2023; 41:042206. [PMID: 37387792 PMCID: PMC10306410 DOI: 10.1116/6.0002797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
High-temperature annealing is a promising but still mainly unexplored method for enhancing spin properties of negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond particles. After high-energy irradiation, the formation of NV centers in diamond particles is typically accomplished via annealing at temperatures in the range of 800-900 °C for 1-2 h to promote vacancy diffusion. Here, we investigate the effects of conventional annealing (900 °C for 2 h) against annealing at a much higher temperature of 1600 °C for the same annealing duration for particles ranging in size from 100 nm to 15 μm using electron paramagnetic resonance and optical characterization. At this high temperature, the vacancy-assisted diffusion of nitrogen can occur. Previously, the annealing of diamond particles at this temperature was performed over short time scales because of concerns of particle graphitization. Our results demonstrate that particles that survive this prolonged 1600 °C annealing show increased NV T1 and T2 electron spin relaxation times in 1 and 15 μm particles, due to the removal of fast relaxing spins. Additionally, this high-temperature annealing also boosts magnetically induced fluorescence contrast of NV centers for particle sizes ranging from 100 nm to 15 μm. At the same time, the content of NV centers is decreased fewfold and reaches a level of <0.5 ppm. The results provide guidance for future studies and the optimization of high-temperature annealing of fluorescent diamond particles for applications relying on the spin properties of NV centers in the host crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Nunn
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607
| | - Sergey Milikisiyants
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607
| | | | | | - Tom Delord
- Department of Physics, CUNY—City College of New York, New York, New York 10031
| | - Alexander I. Shames
- Department of Physics, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | | | | | - Alex I. Smirnov
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607
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Losero E, Jagannath S, Pezzoli M, Goblot V, Babashah H, Lashuel HA, Galland C, Quack N. Neuronal growth on high-aspect-ratio diamond nanopillar arrays for biosensing applications. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5909. [PMID: 37041255 PMCID: PMC10090193 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32235-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Monitoring neuronal activity with simultaneously high spatial and temporal resolution in living cell cultures is crucial to advance understanding of the development and functioning of our brain, and to gain further insights in the origin of brain disorders. While it has been demonstrated that the quantum sensing capabilities of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond allow real time detection of action potentials from large neurons in marine invertebrates, quantum monitoring of mammalian neurons (presenting much smaller dimensions and thus producing much lower signal and requiring higher spatial resolution) has hitherto remained elusive. In this context, diamond nanostructuring can offer the opportunity to boost the diamond platform sensitivity to the required level. However, a comprehensive analysis of the impact of a nanostructured diamond surface on the neuronal viability and growth was lacking. Here, we pattern a single crystal diamond surface with large-scale nanopillar arrays and we successfully demonstrate growth of a network of living and functional primary mouse hippocampal neurons on it. Our study on geometrical parameters reveals preferential growth along the nanopillar grid axes with excellent physical contact between cell membrane and nanopillar apex. Our results suggest that neuron growth can be tailored on diamond nanopillars to realize a nanophotonic quantum sensing platform for wide-field and label-free neuronal activity recording with sub-cellular resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Losero
- School of Basic Sciences, Institute of Physics, EPFL, Rte Cantonale, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Division of Quantum Metrology and Nanotechnologies, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135, Torino, Italy.
- School of Engineering, Institute of Electrical and Micro Engineering, EPFL, Rte Cantonale, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Somanath Jagannath
- School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Rte Cantonale, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Pezzoli
- School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Rte Cantonale, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Valentin Goblot
- School of Basic Sciences, Institute of Physics, EPFL, Rte Cantonale, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hossein Babashah
- School of Basic Sciences, Institute of Physics, EPFL, Rte Cantonale, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hilal A Lashuel
- School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Rte Cantonale, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Galland
- School of Basic Sciences, Institute of Physics, EPFL, Rte Cantonale, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Niels Quack
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Engineering, Institute of Electrical and Micro Engineering, EPFL, Rte Cantonale, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Leung HM, Chu HC, Mao ZW, Lo PK. Versatile nanodiamond-based tools for therapeutics and bioimaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2039-2055. [PMID: 36723092 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06495b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanodiamonds (NDs) are a remarkable class of carbon-based nanoparticles in nanomedicine which have recently become a hot topic of research due to their unique features including functionalization versatility, tunable opto-magnetic properties, chemical stability, minimal cytotoxicity, high affinity to biomolecules and biocompatibility. These attractive features make NDs versatile tools for a wide range of biologically relevant applications. In this feature article, we discuss the opto-magnetic properties of negatively charged nitrogen vacancy (NV-) centres in NDs as fluorescence probes. We further discuss the frequently used chemical methods for surface chemistry modification of NDs which are relevant for biomedical applications. The in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of modified NDs is also highlighted. Subsequently, we give an overview of recent state-of-the-art biomedical applications of NDs as versatile tools for bioimaging and detection, and as targeting nanocarriers for chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, gene therapy, antimicrobial and antiviral therapy, and bone tissue engineering. Finally, we pinpoint the main challenges for NDs in biomedical applications which lie ahead and discuss perspectives on future directions in advancing the field for practical applications and clinical translations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi Man Leung
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Hoi Ching Chu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Zheng-Wei Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Pik Kwan Lo
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China. .,Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
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Pittman M, Ali AM, Chen Y. How sticky? How Tight? How Hot? Imaging probes for fluid viscosity, membrane tension and temperature measurements at the cellular level. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 153:106329. [PMID: 36336304 PMCID: PMC10148659 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We review the progress made in imaging probes for three important physical parameters: viscosity, membrane tension, and temperature, all of which play important roles in many cellular processes. Recent evidences showed that cell migration speed can be modulated by extracellular fluid viscosity; membrane tension contributes to the regulation of cell motility, exo-/endo-cytosis, and cell spread area; and temperature affects neural activity and adipocyte differentiation. We discuss the techniques implementing imaging-based probes to measure viscosity, membrane tension, and temperature at subcellular resolution dynamically. The merits and shortcomings of each technique are examined, and the future applications of the recently developed techniques are also explored.
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Olivares-Postigo D, Gorrini F, Bitonto V, Ackermann J, Giri R, Krueger A, Bifone A. Divergent Effects of Laser Irradiation on Ensembles of Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Bulk and Nanodiamonds: Implications for Biosensing. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2022; 17:95. [PMID: 36161373 PMCID: PMC9512947 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-022-03723-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ensembles of negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy centers (NV-) in diamond have been proposed for sensing of magnetic fields and paramagnetic agents, and as a source of spin-order for the hyperpolarization of nuclei in magnetic resonance applications. To this end, strongly fluorescent nanodiamonds (NDs) represent promising materials, with large surface areas and dense ensembles of NV-. However, surface effects tend to favor the less useful neutral form, the NV0 centers, and strategies to increase the density of shallow NV- centers have been proposed, including irradiation with strong laser power (Gorrini in ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 13:43221-43232, 2021). Here, we study the fluorescence properties and optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) of NV- centers as a function of laser power in strongly fluorescent bulk diamond and in nanodiamonds obtained by nanomilling of the native material. In bulk diamond, we find that increasing laser power increases ODMR contrast, consistent with a power-dependent increase in spin-polarization. Conversely, in nanodiamonds we observe a non-monotonic behavior, with a decrease in ODMR contrast at higher laser power. We hypothesize that this phenomenon may be ascribed to more efficient NV-→NV0 photoconversion in nanodiamonds compared to bulk diamond, resulting in depletion of the NV- pool. A similar behavior is shown for NDs internalized in macrophage cells under the typical experimental conditions of imaging bioassays. Our results suggest strong laser irradiation is not an effective strategy in NDs, where the interplay between surface effects and local microenvironment determine the optimal experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domingo Olivares-Postigo
- Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, Corso Bettini 31, 38068, Rovereto, Trento, Italy.
- Molecular Biology Center, University of Torino, via Nizza 52, 10126, Turin, Italy.
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, via Nizza 52, 10126, Turin, Italy.
| | - Federico Gorrini
- Molecular Biology Center, University of Torino, via Nizza 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Center for Sustainable Future Technologies, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, via Livorno 60, 10144, Turin, Italy
| | - Valeria Bitonto
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, via Nizza 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Johannes Ackermann
- Institut Für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rakshyakar Giri
- Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, Corso Bettini 31, 38068, Rovereto, Trento, Italy
| | - Anke Krueger
- Institut Für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen Center for Complex Materials Research (RCCM), Julius-Maximilians University Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Angelo Bifone
- Molecular Biology Center, University of Torino, via Nizza 52, 10126, Turin, Italy.
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, via Nizza 52, 10126, Turin, Italy.
- Center for Sustainable Future Technologies, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, via Livorno 60, 10144, Turin, Italy.
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Oshimi K, Nishimura Y, Matsubara T, Tanaka M, Shikoh E, Zhao L, Zou Y, Komatsu N, Ikado Y, Takezawa Y, Kage-Nakadai E, Izutsu Y, Yoshizato K, Morita S, Tokunaga M, Yukawa H, Baba Y, Teki Y, Fujiwara M. Glass-patternable notch-shaped microwave architecture for on-chip spin detection in biological samples. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:2519-2530. [PMID: 35510631 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00112h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report a notch-shaped coplanar microwave waveguide antenna on a glass plate designed for on-chip detection of optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) of fluorescent nanodiamonds (NDs). A lithographically patterned thin wire at the center of the notch area in the coplanar waveguide realizes a millimeter-scale ODMR detection area (1.5 × 2.0 mm2) and gigahertz-broadband characteristics with low reflection (∼8%). The ODMR signal intensity in the detection area is quantitatively predictable by numerical simulation. Using this chip device, we demonstrate a uniform ODMR signal intensity over the detection area for cells, tissue, and worms. The present demonstration of a chip-based microwave architecture will enable scalable chip integration of ODMR-based quantum sensing technology into various bioassay platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Oshimi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Yushi Nishimura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Matsubara
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Masuaki Tanaka
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Eiji Shikoh
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yajuan Zou
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Naoki Komatsu
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuta Ikado
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Yuka Takezawa
- Department of Human Life Science, Graduate School of Food and Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Eriko Kage-Nakadai
- Department of Human Life Science, Graduate School of Food and Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Yumi Izutsu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Yoshizato
- Synthetic biology laboratory, Graduate school of medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Saho Morita
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Masato Tokunaga
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yukawa
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Baba
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshio Teki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Masazumi Fujiwara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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9
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Sotoma S, Okita H, Chuma S, Harada Y. Quantum nanodiamonds for sensing of biological quantities: Angle, temperature, and thermal conductivity. Biophys Physicobiol 2022; 19:e190034. [PMID: 36349322 PMCID: PMC9592573 DOI: 10.2142/biophysico.bppb-v19.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Measuring physical quantities in the nanometric region inside single cells is of great importance for understanding cellular activity. Thus, the development of biocompatible, sensitive, and reliable nanobiosensors is essential for progress in biological research. Diamond nanoparticles containing nitrogen-vacancy centers (NVCs), referred to as fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs), have recently emerged as the sensors that show great promise for ultrasensitive nanosensing of physical quantities. FNDs emit stable fluorescence without photobleaching. Additionally, their distinctive magneto-optical properties enable an optical readout of the quantum states of the electron spin in NVC under ambient conditions. These properties enable the quantitative sensing of physical parameters (temperature, magnetic field, electric field, pH, etc.) in the vicinity of an FND; hence, FNDs are often described as “quantum sensors”. In this review, recent advancements in biosensing applications of FNDs are summarized. First, the principles of orientation and temperature sensing using FND quantum sensors are explained. Next, we introduce surface coating techniques indispensable for controlling the physicochemical properties of FNDs. The achievements of practical biological sensing using surface-coated FNDs, including orientation, temperature, and thermal conductivity, are then highlighted. Finally, the advantages, challenges, and perspectives of the quantum sensing of FND are discussed. This review article is an extended version of the Japanese article, In Situ Measurement of Intracellular Thermal Conductivity Using Diamond Nanoparticle, published in SEIBUTSU BUTSURI Vol. 62, p. 122–124 (2022).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shunsuke Chuma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University
| | - Yoshie Harada
- Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, Osaka University
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10
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Fujiwara M, Shikano Y. Diamond quantum thermometry: from foundations to applications. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:482002. [PMID: 34416739 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac1fb1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Diamond quantum thermometry exploits the optical and electrical spin properties of colour defect centres in diamonds and, acts as a quantum sensing method exhibiting ultrahigh precision and robustness. Compared to the existing luminescent nanothermometry techniques, a diamond quantum thermometer can be operated over a wide temperature range and a sensor spatial scale ranging from nanometres to micrometres. Further, diamond quantum thermometry is employed in several applications, including electronics and biology, to explore these fields with nanoscale temperature measurements. This review covers the operational principles of diamond quantum thermometry for spin-based and all-optical methods, material development of diamonds with a focus on thermometry, and examples of applications in electrical and biological systems with demand-based technological requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masazumi Fujiwara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Yutaka Shikano
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 4-2 Aramaki, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8510, Japan
- Quantum Computing Center, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
- Institute for Quantum Studies, Chapman University, 1 University Dr, Orange, CA 92866, United States of America
- JST PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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Gerasimova EN, Yaroshenko VV, Talianov PM, Peltek OO, Baranov MA, Kapitanova PV, Zuev DA, Timin AS, Zyuzin MV. Real-Time Temperature Monitoring of Photoinduced Cargo Release inside Living Cells Using Hybrid Capsules Decorated with Gold Nanoparticles and Fluorescent Nanodiamonds. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:36737-36746. [PMID: 34313441 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Real-time temperature monitoring within biological objects is a key fundamental issue for understanding the heating process and performing remote-controlled release of bioactive compounds upon laser irradiation. The lack of accurate thermal control significantly limits the translation of optical laser techniques into nanomedicine. Here, we design and develop hybrid (complex) carriers based on multilayered capsules combined with nanodiamonds (NV centers) as nanothermometers and gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) as nanoheaters to estimate an effective laser-induced temperature rise required for capsule rupture and further release of cargo molecules outside and inside cancerous (B16-F10) cells. We integrate both elements (NV centers and Au NPs) in the capsule structure using two strategies: (i) loading inside the capsule's cavity (CORE) and incorporating them inside the capsule's wall (WALL). Theoretically and experimentally, we show the highest and lowest heat release from capsule samples (CORE or WALL) under laser irradiation depending on the Au NP arrangement within the capsule. Applying NV centers, we measure the local temperature of capsule rupture inside and outside the cells, which is determined to be 128 ± 1.12 °C. Finally, the developed hybrid containers can be used to perform the photoinduced release of cargo molecules with simultaneous real-time temperature monitoring inside the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena N Gerasimova
- Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Kronverksky Pr. 49, bldg. A, St. Petersburg 197101, Russian Federation
| | - Vitaly V Yaroshenko
- Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Kronverksky Pr. 49, bldg. A, St. Petersburg 197101, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel M Talianov
- Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Kronverksky Pr. 49, bldg. A, St. Petersburg 197101, Russian Federation
| | - Oleksii O Peltek
- Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Kronverksky Pr. 49, bldg. A, St. Petersburg 197101, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail A Baranov
- Faculty of Photonics and Optical Information, Center of Information Optical Technologies ITMO University, Kronverksky Pr. 49, bldg. A, St. Petersburg 197101, Russian Federation
| | - Polina V Kapitanova
- Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Kronverksky Pr. 49, bldg. A, St. Petersburg 197101, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry A Zuev
- Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Kronverksky Pr. 49, bldg. A, St. Petersburg 197101, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S Timin
- Research School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russian Federation
- R.M. Gorbacheva Research Institute for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation, Pavlov University, St. Petersburg 197022, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail V Zyuzin
- Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Kronverksky Pr. 49, bldg. A, St. Petersburg 197101, Russian Federation
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12
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Zhang T, Pramanik G, Zhang K, Gulka M, Wang L, Jing J, Xu F, Li Z, Wei Q, Cigler P, Chu Z. Toward Quantitative Bio-sensing with Nitrogen-Vacancy Center in Diamond. ACS Sens 2021; 6:2077-2107. [PMID: 34038091 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The long-dreamed-of capability of monitoring the molecular machinery in living systems has not been realized yet, mainly due to the technical limitations of current sensing technologies. However, recently emerging quantum sensors are showing great promise for molecular detection and imaging. One of such sensing qubits is the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center, a photoluminescent impurity in a diamond lattice with unique room-temperature optical and spin properties. This atomic-sized quantum emitter has the ability to quantitatively measure nanoscale electromagnetic fields via optical means at ambient conditions. Moreover, the unlimited photostability of NV centers, combined with the excellent diamond biocompatibility and the possibility of diamond nanoparticles internalization into the living cells, makes NV-based sensors one of the most promising and versatile platforms for various life-science applications. In this review, we will summarize the latest developments of NV-based quantum sensing with a focus on biomedical applications, including measurements of magnetic biomaterials, intracellular temperature, localized physiological species, action potentials, and electronic and nuclear spins. We will also outline the main unresolved challenges and provide future perspectives of many promising aspects of NV-based bio-sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Goutam Pramanik
- UGC DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Centre, Sector III, LB-8, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michal Gulka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jixiang Jing
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zifu Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medical, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, China
| | - Petr Cigler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zhiqin Chu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Joint Appointment with School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
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13
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Zhang T, Kalimuthu S, Rajasekar V, Xu F, Yiu YC, Hui TKC, Neelakantan P, Chu Z. Biofilm inhibition in oral pathogens by nanodiamonds. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:5127-5135. [PMID: 33997876 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00608h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Complex microbial communities, e.g., biofilms residing in our oral cavity, have recognized clinical significance, as they are typically the main cause for infections. Particularly, they show high resistance to conventional antibiotics, and alternatives including nanotechnology are being intensively explored nowadays to provide more efficient therapeutics. Diamond nanoparticles, namely, nanodiamonds (NDs) with many promising physico-chemical properties, have been demonstrated to work as an effective antibacterial agent against planktonic cells (free-floating state). However, little is known about the behaviors of NDs against biofilms (sessile state). In this study, we uncovered their role in inhibiting biofilm formation and their disrupting effect on preformed biofilms in several selected orally and systemically important organisms. The current findings will advance the mechanistic understanding of NDs on oral pathogens and might accelerate corresponding clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
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14
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Craigie K, Gauger EM, Altmann Y, Bonato C. Resource-efficient adaptive Bayesian tracking of magnetic fields with a quantum sensor. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:195801. [PMID: 33540392 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abe34f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Single-spin quantum sensors, for example based on nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond, provide nanoscale mapping of magnetic fields. In applications where the magnetic field may be changing rapidly, total sensing time is crucial and must be minimised. Bayesian estimation and adaptive experiment optimisation can speed up the sensing process by reducing the number of measurements required. These protocols consist of computing and updating the probability distribution of the magnetic field based on measurement outcomes and of determining optimized acquisition settings for the next measurement. However, the computational steps feeding into the measurement settings of the next iteration must be performed quickly enough to allow real-time updates. This article addresses the issue of computational speed by implementing an approximate Bayesian estimation technique, where probability distributions are approximated by a finite sum of Gaussian functions. Given that only three parameters are required to fully describe a Gaussian density, we find that in many cases, the magnetic field probability distribution can be described by fewer than ten parameters, achieving a reduction in computation time by factor 10 compared to existing approaches. ForT2*=1μs, only a small decrease in computation time is achieved. However, in these regimes, the proposed Gaussian protocol outperforms the existing one in tracking accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Craigie
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, SUPA, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - E M Gauger
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, SUPA, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Y Altmann
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, SUPA, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - C Bonato
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, SUPA, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
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15
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Abstract
Temperature is an important factor in the process of life, as thermal energy transfer participates in all biological events in organisms. Due to technical limitations, there is still a lot more information to be explored regarding the correlation between life activities and temperature changes. In recent years, the emergence of a variety of new temperature measurement methods has facilitated further research in this field. Here, we introduce the latest advances in temperature sensors for biological detection and their related applications in metabolic research. Various technologies are discussed in terms of their advantages and shortcomings, and future prospects are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangxu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yuexia Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Ning Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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16
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Nishimura Y, Oshimi K, Umehara Y, Kumon Y, Miyaji K, Yukawa H, Shikano Y, Matsubara T, Fujiwara M, Baba Y, Teki Y. Wide-field fluorescent nanodiamond spin measurements toward real-time large-area intracellular thermometry. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4248. [PMID: 33608613 PMCID: PMC7895939 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83285-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Measuring optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) of diamond nitrogen vacancy centers significantly depends on the photon detectors used. We study camera-based wide-field ODMR measurements to examine the performance in thermometry by comparing the results to those of the confocal-based ODMR detection. We show that the temperature sensitivity of the camera-based measurements can be as high as that of the confocal detection and that possible artifacts of the ODMR shift are produced owing to the complexity of the camera-based measurements. Although measurements from wide-field ODMR of nanodiamonds in living cells can provide temperature precisions consistent with those of confocal detection, the technique requires the integration of rapid ODMR measurement protocols for better precisions. Our results can aid the development of camera-based real-time large-area spin-based thermometry of living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushi Nishimura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
- Institute of Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Keisuke Oshimi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Yumi Umehara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Yuka Kumon
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Kazu Miyaji
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yukawa
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
- Institute of Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yutaka Shikano
- Quantum Computing Center, Keio University, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
- Institute for Quantum Studies, Chapman University, Orange , CA, 92866, USA
- JST PRESTO, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Matsubara
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Masazumi Fujiwara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan.
| | - Yoshinobu Baba
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
- Institute of Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshio Teki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
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17
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Yanagi T, Kaminaga K, Kada W, Hanaizumi O, Igarashi R. Optimization of Wide-Field ODMR Measurements Using Fluorescent Nanodiamonds to Improve Temperature Determination Accuracy. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2282. [PMID: 33217922 PMCID: PMC7698612 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent nanodiamonds containing nitrogen-vacancy centers have attracted attention as nanoprobes for temperature measurements in microenvironments, potentially enabling the measurement of intracellular temperature distributions and temporal changes. However, to date, the time resolution and accuracy of the temperature determinations using fluorescent nanodiamonds have been insufficient for wide-field fluorescence imaging. Here, we describe a method for highly accurate wide-field temperature imaging using fluorescent nanodiamonds for optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) measurements. We performed a Monte Carlo simulation to determine the optimal frequency sweep range for ODMR temperature determination. We then applied this sweep range to fluorescent nanodiamonds. As a result, the temperature determination accuracies were improved by a factor ~1.5. Our result paves the way for the contribution of quantum sensors to cell biology for understanding, for example, differentiation in multicellular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamami Yanagi
- Division of Electronics and Informatics, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan; (T.Y.); (W.K.)
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan;
| | - Kiichi Kaminaga
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan;
- National Institute for Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Wataru Kada
- Division of Electronics and Informatics, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan; (T.Y.); (W.K.)
| | - Osamu Hanaizumi
- Division of Electronics and Informatics, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan; (T.Y.); (W.K.)
| | - Ryuji Igarashi
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan;
- National Institute for Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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18
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Fujiwara M, Sun S, Dohms A, Nishimura Y, Suto K, Takezawa Y, Oshimi K, Zhao L, Sadzak N, Umehara Y, Teki Y, Komatsu N, Benson O, Shikano Y, Kage-Nakadai E. Real-time nanodiamond thermometry probing in vivo thermogenic responses. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaba9636. [PMID: 32917703 PMCID: PMC7486095 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba9636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Real-time temperature monitoring inside living organisms provides a direct measure of their biological activities. However, it is challenging to reduce the size of biocompatible thermometers down to submicrometers, despite their potential applications for the thermal imaging of subtissue structures with single-cell resolution. Here, using quantum nanothermometers based on optically accessible electron spins in nanodiamonds, we demonstrate in vivo real-time temperature monitoring inside Caenorhabditis elegans worms. We developed a microscope system that integrates a quick-docking sample chamber, particle tracking, and an error correction filter for temperature monitoring of mobile nanodiamonds inside live adult worms with a precision of ±0.22°C. With this system, we determined temperature increases based on the worms' thermogenic responses during the chemical stimuli of mitochondrial uncouplers. Our technique demonstrates the submicrometer localization of temperature information in living animals and direct identification of their pharmacological thermogenesis, which may allow for quantification of their biological activities based on temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masazumi Fujiwara
- Department of Chemistry, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
| | - Simo Sun
- Food and Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Alexander Dohms
- Institut für Physik and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstraße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yushi Nishimura
- Department of Chemistry, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Ken Suto
- Department of Chemistry, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Yuka Takezawa
- Food and Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Keisuke Oshimi
- Department of Chemistry, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Nikola Sadzak
- Institut für Physik and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstraße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yumi Umehara
- Department of Chemistry, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshio Teki
- Department of Chemistry, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Naoki Komatsu
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Oliver Benson
- Institut für Physik and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstraße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yutaka Shikano
- Quantum Computing Center, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi Kohoku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
- Institute for Quantum Studies, Chapman University, 1 University Dr., Orange, CA 92866, USA
| | - Eriko Kage-Nakadai
- Food and Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
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