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Riahi K, Dirba I, Ablets Y, Filatova A, Sultana SN, Adabifiroozjaei E, Molina-Luna L, Nuber UA, Gutfleisch O. Surfactant-driven optimization of iron-based nanoparticle synthesis: a study on magnetic hyperthermia and endothelial cell uptake. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:5859-5869. [PMID: 37881718 PMCID: PMC10597555 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00540b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
This work examines the effect of changing the ratio of different surfactants in single-core iron-based nanoparticles with respect to their specific absorption rate in the context of magnetic hyperthermia and cellular uptake by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Three types of magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized by separately adding oleic acid or oleylamine or a mixture of both (oleic acid/oleylamine) as surfactants. A carefully controlled thermal decomposition synthesis process led to monodispersed nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution. Spherical-shaped nanoparticles were mainly obtained for those synthesized with oleic acid, while the shape changed upon adding oleylamine. The combined use of oleic acid and oleylamine as surfactants in single-core iron-based nanoparticles resulted in a substantial saturation magnetization, reaching up to 140 A m2 kg-1 at room temperature. The interplay between these surfactants played a crucial role in achieving this high magnetic saturation. By modifying the surface of the magnetic nanoparticles using a mixture of two surfactants, the magnetic fluid hyperthermia heating rate was significantly improved compared to using a single surfactant type. This improvement can be attributed to the larger effective anisotropy achieved through the modification with both (oleic acid/oleylamine). The mixture of surfactants enhances the control of interparticle distance and influences the strength of dipolar interactions, ultimately leading to enhanced heating efficiency. Functionalization of the oleic acid-coated nanoparticles with trimethoxysilane results in the formation of a core-shell structure Fe@Fe3O4, showing exchange bias (EB) associated with the exchange anisotropy between the shell and the core. The biomedical relevance of our synthesized Fe@Fe3O4 nanoparticles was demonstrated by their efficient uptake by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in a concentration-dependent manner. This remarkable cellular uptake highlights the potential of these nanoparticles in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Riahi
- Functional Materials, Institute of Materials Science, Technical University of Darmstadt Peter-Grünberg-Str. 16 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - I Dirba
- Functional Materials, Institute of Materials Science, Technical University of Darmstadt Peter-Grünberg-Str. 16 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Y Ablets
- Functional Materials, Institute of Materials Science, Technical University of Darmstadt Peter-Grünberg-Str. 16 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - A Filatova
- Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - S N Sultana
- Functional Materials, Institute of Materials Science, Technical University of Darmstadt Peter-Grünberg-Str. 16 64287 Darmstadt Germany
- Advanced Electron Microscopy Division, Institute of Materials Science, Technical University of Darmstadt Peter-Grünberg-Str. 22 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - E Adabifiroozjaei
- Advanced Electron Microscopy Division, Institute of Materials Science, Technical University of Darmstadt Peter-Grünberg-Str. 22 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - L Molina-Luna
- Advanced Electron Microscopy Division, Institute of Materials Science, Technical University of Darmstadt Peter-Grünberg-Str. 22 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - U A Nuber
- Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - O Gutfleisch
- Functional Materials, Institute of Materials Science, Technical University of Darmstadt Peter-Grünberg-Str. 16 64287 Darmstadt Germany
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Amato A, Becci A, Bollero A, Cerrillo-Gonzalez MDM, Cuesta-Lopez S, Ener S, Dirba I, Gutfleisch O, Innocenzi V, Montes M, Sakkas K, Sokolova I, Vegliò F, Villen-Guzman M, Vicente-Barragan E, Yakoumis I, Beolchini F. Life Cycle Assessment of Rare Earth Elements-Free Permanent Magnet Alternatives: Sintered Ferrite and Mn-Al-C. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2023; 11:13374-13386. [PMID: 37711764 PMCID: PMC10498492 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c02984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Permanent magnets are fundamental constituents in key sectors such as energy and transport, but also robotics, automatization, medicine, etc. High-performance magnets are based on rare earth elements (RE), included in the European list of critical raw materials list. The volatility of their market increased the research over the past decade to develop RE-free magnets to fill the large performance/cost gap existing between ferrites and RE-based magnets. The improvement of hard ferrites and Mn-Al-C permanent magnets plays into this important technological role in the near future. The possible substitution advantage was widely discussed in the literature considering both magnetic properties and economic aspects. To evaluate further sustainability aspects, the present paper gives a life cycle assessment quantifying the environmental gain resulting from the production of RE-free magnets based on traditional hexaferrite and Mn-Al-C. The analysis quantified an advantage of both magnets that overcomes the 95% in all the considered impact categories (such as climate change, ozone depletion, human toxicity) compared to RE-based technologies. The benefit also includes the health and safety of working time aspects, proving possible reduction of worker risks by 3-12 times. The results represent the fundamentals for the development of green magnets that are able to significantly contribute to an effective sustainable transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Amato
- Department
of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università
Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Alessandro Becci
- Department
of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università
Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Alberto Bollero
- Group
of Permanent Magnets and Applications, IMDEA
Nanoscience, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | | | - Santiago Cuesta-Lopez
- Fundación
ICAMCYL, International Center for Advanced Materials and Raw Materials
of Castilla y León, 24009 León, Spain
| | - Semih Ener
- Department
Functional Materials, Material Science Faculty, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Imants Dirba
- Department
Functional Materials, Material Science Faculty, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Oliver Gutfleisch
- Department
Functional Materials, Material Science Faculty, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Valentina Innocenzi
- SmartWaste
Engineering S.r.l., Piazzale
Monteluco di Roio, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Myriam Montes
- Fundación
ICAMCYL, International Center for Advanced Materials and Raw Materials
of Castilla y León, 24009 León, Spain
| | | | - Irina Sokolova
- Fundación
ICAMCYL, International Center for Advanced Materials and Raw Materials
of Castilla y León, 24009 León, Spain
| | - Francesco Vegliò
- SmartWaste
Engineering S.r.l., Piazzale
Monteluco di Roio, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Maria Villen-Guzman
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Eva Vicente-Barragan
- Fundación
ICAMCYL, International Center for Advanced Materials and Raw Materials
of Castilla y León, 24009 León, Spain
| | - Iakovos Yakoumis
- MNLT
Innovations PC, Kifisias
Ave. 125−127, 11524 Athens, Greece
| | - Francesca Beolchini
- Department
of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università
Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
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Huang B, Liu Y, Tan Z. Discovery of a low-temperature Fe 2O 3 reduction route to Fe with carbon via Fe-MOF-74 decomposition. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:11296-11299. [PMID: 36124898 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04334c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fe2O3 reduction to Fe with carbon requires a high temperature of 1200 °C in a blast furnace process. We have discovered a novel low-temperature reduction route from γ-phase Fe2O3 to Fe with carbon. The reduction temperature was 430 °C, which is the lowest recorded up to now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Huang
- Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Innovation Harbour, Xi-xian New District, Xi'an 712000, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Yuhan Liu
- Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Innovation Harbour, Xi-xian New District, Xi'an 712000, China.
| | - Zhe Tan
- Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Innovation Harbour, Xi-xian New District, Xi'an 712000, China.
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High-Moment FeCo Magnetic Nanoparticles Obtained by Topochemical H2 Reduction of Co-Ferrites. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12041899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cobalt ferrite nanoparticles of different stoichiometries synthesized by a sol–gel autocombustion method were used as a starting material to obtain high-moment Fe50Co50 and Fe66Co34 metal nanoparticles by topochemical hydrogen reduction. Structural and magnetic investigations confirmed the formation of FeCo nanoparticles with crystallite sizes of about 30 nm and magnetization at 0.5 T of ~265 Am2/kg (0 K), which was larger than the expected bulk value, likely because of the incorporation in the body-centered cubic (bcc) FeCo structure of the residual C atoms present on the surface of the oxide particles. Temperature-dependent magnetization measurements in the H2 atmosphere were also performed to investigate in detail the reduction mechanism and the effect of an external magnetic field on the process efficiency.
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Bychko IB, Kovbasiuk VI, Trypolskyi AI, Ivanchuk VY, Strizhak PE. Low-Temperature Hydrogenation of Iron Carbonate Followed by Production of C4-C6 Hydrocarbons. THEOR EXP CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11237-021-09702-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Bychko IB, Kovbasiuk VI, Trypolskyi AI, Ivanchuk VY, Strizhak PE. Low-Temperature Hydrogenation of Iron Carbonate Followed By Production of C4-C6 Hydrocarbons. THEOR EXP CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11237-021-09704-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Tsuchida T, Fukushima J, Tobise M, Hayashi Y, Takizawa H. Low-temperature hydrogen reduction of iron oxide by controlling the water potential using a CaH2 drying agent. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2021.122441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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