1
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Abdullah Al Awadh A. Biomedical applications of selective metal complexes of indole, benzimidazole, benzothiazole and benzoxazole: A review (From 2015 to 2022). Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101698. [PMID: 37533494 PMCID: PMC10393588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Indole, benzoxazole benzothiazole and benzimidazole are excellent classes of organic heterocyclic compounds. These compounds show significant application in pharmacy, industries, dyes, medicine, polymers and food packages. These compounds also form metal complexes with copper, zinc, cadmium, nickel, cobalt, platinum, gold, palladium chromium, silver, iron, and other metals that have shown to be significant applications. Recently, researchers have attracted enormous attention toward heterocyclic compounds such as indole, benzimidazole, benzothiazole, benzoxazole, and their complexes due to their excellent medicinal applications such as anti-ulcerogenic, anti-cancer, antihypertensive, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antitubercular, antiparasitic, anti-obesity, antimalarial, antiglycation, antiviral potency, antineuropathic, analgesic antioxidant, antihistaminic, and antibacterial potentials. In this article, we summarize the medicinal applications of these compounds as well as their metal complexes. We hope this article will help researchers in designing and synthesizing novel and potent compounds with significant applications in various fields.
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da Silva Dos Reis Condé CA, de Andrade Querino AL, Silva H, Navarro M. Silver(I) complexes containing N-heterocyclic carbene azole drugs: Synthesis, characterization, cytotoxic activity, and their BSA interactions. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 246:112303. [PMID: 37413946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the main public health problems globally, there is a public demand for better drugs. Rational strategies or approaches are used to improve the success of drug discovery. Our strategy was to the repurposing of well-known antifungal agents as potential anticancer drugs, such as Clotrimazole (CTZ) and Ketoconazole (KTZ). We prepared the respective iodide imidazolium salt L1: (CTZ-Me)I and L2: (KTZ-Me)I to be the intermediates toward the synthesis of its respective NHC ligand and achieve the respective silver(I)-monoNHC and silver(I)-bisNHC derivatives: [Ag(L1)I] (1), [AgI(L2)] (2) [Ag(L1)2]I. (3), [Ag(L2)2]I. (4), as well as their corresponding coordination compounds [Ag(CTZ)2]NO3 (5) and [Ag(KTZ)2]NO3 (6) where these ligands (CTZ and KTZ) coordinate to silver through the N-imidazole atom. These compounds (L1, L2 and complexes 1-6) exhibited significant activity against the tested cancer cell lines (B16-F1, murine melanoma strains and CT26WT, murine colon carcinoma). The silver(I) complexes were more active than the free ligands, complexes 2 and 4 being the most selective in B16-F1 cancer cell line. Two possibles biological targets such as DNA and albumin were examined for the observed anticancer activity. Results show that DNA is not the main target, however, the interactions with albumin suggest it can transport/delivery the metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Aparecida da Silva Dos Reis Condé
- Laboratório de Química Bioinorgânica e Catálises (LaQBIC), Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza de Andrade Querino
- Laboratório de Síntese e Interações Bioinorgânicas (SibLab), Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Heveline Silva
- Laboratório de Síntese e Interações Bioinorgânicas (SibLab), Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maribel Navarro
- Laboratório de Química Bioinorgânica e Catálises (LaQBIC), Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
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3
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Lenis Rojas OA, Cordeiro S, Baptista PV, Fernandes AR. Half-sandwich Ru(II) N-heterocyclic carbene complexes in anticancer drug design. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 245:112255. [PMID: 37196411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The ruthenium arene fragment is a rich source for the design of anticancer drugs; in this design, the co-ligand is a critical factor for obtaining effective anticancer complexes. In comparison with other types of ligands, N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have been less explored, despite the versatility in structural modifications and the marked stabilization of metal ions, being these characteristics important for the design of metal drugs. However, notable advances have been made in the development of NHC Ruthenium arene as anticancer agents. These advances include high antitumor activities, proven both in in vitro and in in vivo models and, in some cases, with marked selectivity against tumorigenic cells. The versatility of the structure has played a fundamental role, since they have allowed a selective interaction with their molecular targets through, for example, bio-conjugation with known anticancer molecules. For this reason, the structure-activity relationship of the imidazole, benzimidazole, and abnormal NHC ruthenium (II) η6-arene complexes have been studied. Taking into account this study, several synthetic aspects are provided to contribute to the next generations of this kind of complexes. Moreover, in recent years nanotechnology has provided innovative nanomedicines, where half-sandwich Ruthenium(II) complexes are paving their way. In this review, the recent developments in nanomaterials functionalized with Ruthenium complexes for targeted drug delivery to tumors will also be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar A Lenis Rojas
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, ITQB, Av. da República, EAN, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Sandra Cordeiro
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro V Baptista
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Alexandra R Fernandes
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal.
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4
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Li SR, Tan YM, Zhang L, Zhou CH. Comprehensive Insights into Medicinal Research on Imidazole-Based Supramolecular Complexes. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051348. [PMID: 37242590 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The electron-rich five-membered aromatic aza-heterocyclic imidazole, which contains two nitrogen atoms, is an important functional fragment widely present in a large number of biomolecules and medicinal drugs; its unique structure is beneficial to easily bind with various inorganic or organic ions and molecules through noncovalent interactions to form a variety of supramolecular complexes with broad medicinal potential, which is being paid an increasing amount of attention regarding more and more contributions to imidazole-based supramolecular complexes for possible medicinal application. This work gives systematical and comprehensive insights into medicinal research on imidazole-based supramolecular complexes, including anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, and anti-inflammatory aspects as well as ion receptors, imaging agents, and pathologic probes. The new trend of the foreseeable research in the near future toward imidazole-based supramolecular medicinal chemistry is also prospected. It is hoped that this work provides beneficial help for the rational design of imidazole-based drug molecules and supramolecular medicinal agents and more effective diagnostic agents and pathological probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Rui Li
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yi-Min Tan
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- School of Chemical Technology, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Cheng-He Zhou
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Biological Activities of Ruthenium NHC Complexes: An Update. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020365. [PMID: 36830276 PMCID: PMC9952499 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ruthenium N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes have unique physico-chemical properties as catalysts and a huge potential in medicinal chemistry and pharmacology, exhibiting a variety of notable biological activities. In this review, the most recent studies on ruthenium NHC complexes are summarized, focusing specifically on antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities. Ruthenium NHC complexes are generally active against Gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Listeria monocytogenes and are seldom active against Gram-negative bacteria, including Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli and fungal strains of Candida albicans. The antiproliferative activity was tested against cancer cell lines of human colon, breast, cervix, epidermis, liver and rat glioblastoma cell lines. Ruthenium NHC complexes generally demonstrated cytotoxicity higher than standard anticancer drugs. Further studies are needed to explore the mechanism of action of these interesting compounds.
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Al Nasr IS, Koko WS, Khan TA, Gürbüz N, Özdemir I, Hamdi N. Evaluation of Ruthenium(II) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes as Enzymatic Inhibitory Agents with Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Antiparasitical and Antiproliferative Activity. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031359. [PMID: 36771026 PMCID: PMC9921063 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of [RuCl2(p-cymene)(NHC)] complexes were obtained by reacting [RuCl2(p-cymene)]2 with in situ generated Ag-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes. The structure of the obtained complexes was determined by the appropriate spectroscopy and elemental analysis. In addition, we evaluated the biological activities of these compounds as antienzymatic, antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, and antiparasitic agents. The results revealed that complexes 3b and 3d were the most potent inhibitors against AchE with IC50 values of 2.52 and 5.06 μM mL-1. Additionally, 3d proved very good antimicrobial activity against all examined microorganisms with IZ (inhibition zone) over 25 mm and MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) < 4 µM. Additionally, the ligand 2a and its corresponding ruthenium (II) complex 3a had good cytotoxic activity against both cancer cells HCT-116 and HepG-2, with IC50 values of (7.76 and 11.76) and (4.12 and 9.21) μM mL-1, respectively. Evaluation of the antiparasitic activity of these complexes against Leishmania major promastigotes and Toxoplasma gondii showed that ruthenium complexes were more potent than the free ligand, with an IC50 values less than 1.5 μM mL-1. However, 3d was found the best one with SI (selectivity index) values greater than 5 so it seems to be the best candidate for antileishmanial drug discovery program, and much future research are recommended for mode of action and in vivo evaluation. In general, Ru-NHC complexes are the most effective against L. major promastigotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim S. Al Nasr
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Arts, Qassim University, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Science Laboratories, College of Science and Arts, Qassim University, Ar Rass 51921, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed S. Koko
- Department of Science Laboratories, College of Science and Arts, Qassim University, Ar Rass 51921, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq A. Khan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, Qassim University, Ar Rass 51921, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nevin Gürbüz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, İnönü University, Malatya 44280, Turkey
- Catalysis Research and Application Center, İnönü University, Malatya 44280, Turkey
| | - Ismail Özdemir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, İnönü University, Malatya 44280, Turkey
- Catalysis Research and Application Center, İnönü University, Malatya 44280, Turkey
| | - Naceur Hamdi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts at ArRass, Qassim University, Ar Rass 51921, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-556394839
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Ibrahim H, Bala MD, Friedrich HB. Poly-functional imino-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands: Synthesis, complexation, and catalytic applications. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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8
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Copper-Catalyzed Hydroboration of Enamides with Bis(pinacolato)diboron: Promising Agents with Antimicrobial Activities. J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/6577185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We reported in this study the hydroboration of enamides in methanol at room temperature catalyzed by copper complexes. Under such conditions, a Gram-scale reaction with a high yield was also completed. Hydroboration of 3-methylene, 2-(alkyl and phenylisoindolin-1-one 5 with bis(pinacolato)diboron yields the respective compounds 6 in good yields with high-to-moderate enantioselectivity (58% ee). Furthermore, the antimicrobial properties of the synthesized compounds were tested against four indicator microorganisms: the two Gram-positive bacteria L. monocytogenes ATCC 1911 and S. aureus ATCC 6538, the Gram-negative bacterium S. typhimurium ATCC 14028, and the fungus C. albicans (ATCC 90028). The MIC values of compounds 5-6 range from 0.312 to 2.5 (μg/mL) against L. monocytogenes, from 2.1 to 0.136 (μg/mL) against S. aureus, and from 0.126 to 0.923 (μg/mL) against S. typhimurium.
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Boubakri L, Chakchouk-Mtiba A, Naouali O, Mellouli L, Mansour L, Özdemir I, Yaser S, Sauthier M, Hamdi N. Ruthenium(II) complexes bearing benzimidazole-based N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands as potential antimicrobial, antioxidant, enzyme inhibition, and antiproliferative agents. J COORD CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2022.2060745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lamia Boubakri
- Research Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Technologies (LR16ES09), Higher Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology, University of Carthage, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Ahlem Chakchouk-Mtiba
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Enzymatic Biotechnology and Biomolecules, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Naouali
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Natural Substances Resources and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University of Carthage, Zarzouna, Bizerta, Tunisia
| | - Lotfi Mellouli
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Enzymatic Biotechnology and Biomolecules, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Lamjed Mansour
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ismail Özdemir
- Faculty of Science and Art, Department of Chemistry, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
- Catalysis Research and Application Center, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Sedat Yaser
- Faculty of Science and Art, Department of Chemistry, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
- Catalysis Research and Application Center, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Mathieu Sauthier
- Ecole Nationale Superieure de Chimie de Lille, Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Naceur Hamdi
- Research Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Technologies (LR16ES09), Higher Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology, University of Carthage, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
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Synthesis, In silico and in vitro studies of Silver (I)-N heterocyclic carbene complexes. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Mukherjee A, Koley TS, Chakraborty A, Purkait K, Mukherjee A. Synthesis, Structure and Cytotoxicity of N,N and N,O-Coordinated Ru II Complexes of 3-Aminobenzoate Schiff Bases against Triple-negative Breast Cancer. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:3729-3742. [PMID: 34549886 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Half-sandwich RuII complexes, [(YZ)RuII (η6 -arene)(X)]+, (YZ=chelating bidentate ligand, X=halide), with N,N and N,O coordination (1-9) show significant antiproliferative activity against the metastatic triple-negative breast carcinoma (MDA-MB-231). 3-aminobenzoic acid or its methyl ester is used in all the ligands while varying the aldehyde for N,N and N,O coordination. In the N,N coordinated complex the coordinated halide(X) is varied for enhancing stability in solution (X=Cl, I). Rapid aquation and halide exchange of the pyridine analogues, 2 and 3, in solution are a major bane towards their antiproliferative activity. Presence of free -COOH group (1 and 4) make complexes hydrophilic and reduces toxicity. The imidazolyl 3-aminobenzoate based N,N coordinated 5 and 6 display better solution stability and efficient antiproliferative activity (IC50 ca. 2.3-2.5 μM) compared to the pyridine based 2 and 3 (IC50 >100 μM) or the N,O coordinated complexes (7-9) (IC50 ca. 7-10 μM). The iodido coordinated, 6, is resistant towards aquation and halide exchange. The N,O coordinated 7-9 underwent instantaneous aquation at pH 7.4 generating monoaquated complexes stable for at least 6 h. Complexes 5 and 6, bind to 9-ethylguanine (9-EtG) showing propensity to interact with DNA bases. The complexes may kill via apoptosis as displayed from the study of 8. The change in coordination mode and the aldehyde affected the solution stability, antiproliferative activity and mechanistic pathways. The N,N coordinated (5 and 6) exhibit arrest in the G2/M phase while the N,O coordinated 8 showed arrest in the G0/G1 phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpan Mukherjee
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials (CAFM) Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Tuhin Subhra Koley
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials (CAFM) Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Ayan Chakraborty
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials (CAFM) Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Kallol Purkait
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials (CAFM) Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Arindam Mukherjee
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials (CAFM) Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
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Ma X, Guillet SG, Liu Y, Cazin CSJ, Nolan SP. Simple synthesis of [Ru(CO 3)(NHC)( p-cymene)] complexes and their use in transfer hydrogenation catalysis. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:13012-13019. [PMID: 34581364 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02098f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A novel, efficient and facile protocol for the synthesis of a series of [Ru(NHC)(CO3)(p-cymene)] complexes is reported. This family of Ru-NHC complexes was obtained from imidazol(in)ium tetrafluoroborate or imidazolium hydrogen carbonate salts in moderate to excellent yields, employing sustainable weak base. The ruthenium complexes were successfully utilized in the transfer hydrogenation of ketones as highly active multifunctional catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Sébastien G Guillet
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Yaxu Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Catherine S J Cazin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Burmeister H, Dietze P, Preu L, Bandow JE, Ott I. Evaluation of Ruthenium(II) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes as Antibacterial Agents and Inhibitors of Bacterial Thioredoxin Reductase. Molecules 2021; 26:4282. [PMID: 34299558 PMCID: PMC8303947 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of ruthenium(II) complexes with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands of the general type (arene)(NHC)Ru(II)X2 (where X = halide) was prepared, characterized, and evaluated as antibacterial agents in comparison to the respective metal free benzimidazolium cations. The ruthenium(II) NHC complexes generally triggered stronger bacterial growth inhibition than the metal free benzimidazolium cations. The effects were much stronger against Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) than against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), and all complexes were inactive against the fungus Candida albicans. Moderate inhibition of bacterial thioredoxin reductase was confirmed for selected complexes, indicating that inhibition of this enzyme might be a contributing factor to the antibacterial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilke Burmeister
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstr. 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (H.B.); (L.P.)
| | - Pascal Dietze
- Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany; (P.D.); (J.E.B.)
| | - Lutz Preu
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstr. 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (H.B.); (L.P.)
| | - Julia E. Bandow
- Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany; (P.D.); (J.E.B.)
| | - Ingo Ott
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstr. 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (H.B.); (L.P.)
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Hamdi N, Slimani I, Mansour L, Alresheedi F, Gürbüz N, Özdemir I. N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladium-PEPPSI complexes and their catalytic activity in the direct C–H bond activation of heteroarene derivatives with aryl bromides: synthesis, and antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04606c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The Pd–NHC–PEPPSI complexes were used as catalysts in the direct C5-arylation of 2-acetyl furan, 2-acetylthiophene, and 2n-propylthiazole with different aryl bromides and were evaluated for their potential antibacterial and antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Hamdi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts, Qassim University, Ar Rass, 51921 Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Technologies (LR16ES09), Higher Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology, University of Carthage, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia, PB 77-P.O. Box 77, 1054 Amilcar, Tunisia
| | - I. Slimani
- Research Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Technologies (LR16ES09), Higher Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology, University of Carthage, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia, PB 77-P.O. Box 77, 1054 Amilcar, Tunisia
| | - L. Mansour
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Alresheedi
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - N. Gürbüz
- İnönü University, Catalysis Research and Application Center, 44280-Malatya, Turkey
- İnönü University, Faculty of Science and Art, Department of Chemistry, 44280 Malatya, Turkey
| | - I. Özdemir
- İnönü University, Catalysis Research and Application Center, 44280-Malatya, Turkey
- İnönü University, Faculty of Science and Art, Department of Chemistry, 44280 Malatya, Turkey
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15
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Ma X, Guillet SG, Peng M, Van Hecke K, Nolan SP. A simple synthesis of [RuCl2(NHC)(p-cymene)] complexes and their use in olefin oxidation catalysis. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:3959-3965. [DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00030f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An operationally simple synthetic route is designed to access the [RuCl2(NHC)(p-cymene)] family of complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University
- 9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Sébastien G. Guillet
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University
- 9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Min Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University
- 9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University
- 9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Steven P. Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University
- 9000 Ghent
- Belgium
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16
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Slimani I, Şahin-Bölükbaşı S, Ulu M, Evren E, Gürbüz N, Özdemir İ, Hamdi N, Özdemir İ. Rhodium( i) N-heterocyclic carbene complexes: synthesis and cytotoxic properties. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00144b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of benzimidazolium salts and their [RhCl(NHC)(COD)] complexes were synthesized. All compounds were screened for in vitro cytotoxic activities against a panel of human cancer cells (HT-29 colon, Ishikawa endometrial, U-87 glioblastoma) using the MTT assay for 48 h incubation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichraf Slimani
- Research Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Technologies (LR16ES09)
- Higher Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology
- University of Carthage
- Hammam-Lif
- Tunisia
| | - Serap Şahin-Bölükbaşı
- Sivas Cumhuriyet University
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Department of Biochemistry
- 58140 Sivas
- Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ulu
- Sivas Cumhuriyet University
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Department of Biochemistry
- 58140 Sivas
- Turkey
| | - Enes Evren
- Inönü University
- Catalysis Research and Application Center
- 44280 Malatya
- Turkey
| | - Nevin Gürbüz
- Inönü University
- Catalysis Research and Application Center
- 44280 Malatya
- Turkey
- Inönü University
| | - İlknur Özdemir
- Inönü University
- Faculty of Science and Arts
- Department of Chemistry
- 44280 Malatya
- Turkey
| | - Naceur Hamdi
- Research Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Technologies (LR16ES09)
- Higher Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology
- University of Carthage
- Hammam-Lif
- Tunisia
| | - İsmail Özdemir
- Inönü University
- Catalysis Research and Application Center
- 44280 Malatya
- Turkey
- Inönü University
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17
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Biological Activities of NHC–Pd(II) Complexes Based on Benzimidazolylidene N-heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Ligands Bearing Aryl Substituents. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10101190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursors (2a–i), their pyridine-enhanced precatalyst preparation stabilization and initiation (PEPPSI)-themed palladium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes (3a–i) and palladium N-heterocyclic triphenylphosphines complexes (4a–i) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, and LC–MS spectroscopic techniques. The (NHC)Pd(II) complexes 3–4 were tested against MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells, Escherichia coli, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Candida albicans microorganisms, Leishmania major promastigotes and amastigotes, Toxoplasma gondii parasites, and Vero cells in vitro. The biological assays indicated that all compounds are highly active against cancer cells, with an IC50 < 1.5 µg mL−1. Eight compounds proved antibacterial and antileishmanial activities, while only three compounds had strong antifungal activities against C. albicans. In our conclusion, compounds 3 (b, f, g, and h) and 4b are the most suitable drug candidates for anticancer, antimicrobial, and antiparasitical.
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