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Fosnacht KG, Pluth MD. Activity-Based Fluorescent Probes for Hydrogen Sulfide and Related Reactive Sulfur Species. Chem Rev 2024; 124:4124-4257. [PMID: 38512066 PMCID: PMC11141071 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is not only a well-established toxic gas but also an important small molecule bioregulator in all kingdoms of life. In contemporary biology, H2S is often classified as a "gasotransmitter," meaning that it is an endogenously produced membrane permeable gas that carries out essential cellular processes. Fluorescent probes for H2S and related reactive sulfur species (RSS) detection provide an important cornerstone for investigating the multifaceted roles of these important small molecules in complex biological systems. A now common approach to develop such tools is to develop "activity-based probes" that couple a specific H2S-mediated chemical reaction to a fluorescent output. This Review covers the different types of such probes and also highlights the chemical mechanisms by which each probe type is activated by specific RSS. Common examples include reduction of oxidized nitrogen motifs, disulfide exchange, electrophilic reactions, metal precipitation, and metal coordination. In addition, we also outline complementary activity-based probes for imaging reductant-labile and sulfane sulfur species, including persulfides and polysulfides. For probes highlighted in this Review, we focus on small molecule systems with demonstrated compatibility in cellular systems or related applications. Building from breadth of reported activity-based strategies and application, we also highlight key unmet challenges and future opportunities for advancing activity-based probes for H2S and related RSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylin G. Fosnacht
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, and Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 97403-1253, United States
| | - Michael D. Pluth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, and Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 97403-1253, United States
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Comparative study on sensing and optical properties of carbazole linked novel zinc(II) and cobalt (II) phthalocyanines. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.116139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Strianese M, Pappalardo D, Mazzeo M, Lamberti M, Pellecchia C. The contribution of metalloporphyrin complexes in molecular sensing and in sustainable polymerization processes: a new and unique perspective. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:7898-7916. [PMID: 33999066 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00841b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the recent developments in the field of metalloporphyrins as optical probes for biologically relevant molecules, such as nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and as catalysts for the preparation of sustainable polymers such as polyesters, by the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic esters and the ring-opening co-polymerization (ROCOP) of epoxides and anhydrides, and polycarbonates by the chemical fixation of carbon dioxide (CO2). The great potential of porphyrins is mainly due to the possibility of making various synthetic modifications to the porphyrin ring, such as modifying the coordinated metal, peripheral substituents, or even the molecular skeleton. Due to the strict structure-property relationships, one can use porphyrinoids in several different applications such as, for instance, activation of molecular oxygen or catalysis of photosynthetic processes. These possibilities broaden the application of porphyrins in several different fields of research, further mimicking what nature does. In this context, here, we want to provide evidence for the great flexibility of metalloporphyrins by presenting an overview of results obtained by us and others in the research fields we are currently involved in. More specifically, we report a survey of our most significant achievements regarding their use as optical probes in the context of the results reported in the literature from other research groups, and of the use of porphyrin metal(iii) complexes as catalysts for sustainable polymerization processes. As for the optical probe section, in addition to the metalloporphyrins synthesized ad hoc in the laboratory, the present work also covers the natural proteins containing a porphyrin core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Strianese
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "Adolfo Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Daniela Pappalardo
- Università del Sannio, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, via de Sanctis, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - Mina Mazzeo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "Adolfo Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Marina Lamberti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "Adolfo Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Claudio Pellecchia
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "Adolfo Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
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Dag A, Cakilkaya E, Omurtag Ozgen PS, Atasoy S, Yigit Erdem G, Cetin B, Çavuş Kokuroǧlu A, Gürek AG. Phthalocyanine-Conjugated Glyconanoparticles for Chemo-photodynamic Combination Therapy. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:1555-1567. [PMID: 33793222 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Combination cancer therapy based on multifunctional nanomaterials has attracted great attention. The present work focuses on the preparation of the glycopolymeric nanoparticle, which contains a photosensitizer (zinc(II)phthalocyanine, ZnPc) and an anticancer drug (Doxorubicin, Dox). First, a novel mono azide-functional ZnPc-N3 with seven hydrophilic ethylene oxide chains was synthesized. Next, ZnPc alone or together with Dox bearing glycopolymers was synthesized via the RAFT polymerization method and then self-assembled into glyconanoparticles (GNPs) with narrow particle size distribution. Then the evaluation of the biological activity of GNPs (GNPs-ZnPc and GNPs-ZnPc/Dox) for dual photodynamic therapy (PDT) and chemotherapy against human breast cancer cells was investigated. The constructed GNPs were identified via general characterization methods, including dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The prepared GNPs-ZnPc/Dox demonstrated remarkable photophysical and photochemical properties, involving good colloidal stability in biological conditions, pH-responsive drug release, and the capacity to generate singlet oxygen under light irradiation. The outer layer of nanoparticles covered by fructose sugar moieties achieves a targeted cancer therapy owing to GLUT5 (a well-known fructose transporter) overexpression toward breast cancer cells. In vitro experiments were then performed to evaluate the chemo/phototoxicity, cellular uptake, and anticancer efficacy of GNPs-ZnPc/Dox. In comparison with free Dox, human breast cancer cells treated with GNPs-ZnPc/Dox exhibited a higher cellular internalization via GLUT5 targeting. In particular, the GNPs-ZnPc/Dox nanoplatform revealed an excellent synergistic anticancer activity in comparison with free ZnPc-N3 and free Dox, representing a novel and promising chemo-photodynamic combination therapeutic methodology to improve therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aydan Dag
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey.,Drug Application and Research Center, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Eda Cakilkaya
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Pinar Sinem Omurtag Ozgen
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Istanbul Medipol University, 34815 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sezen Atasoy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulsah Yigit Erdem
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Health Sciences, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Busra Cetin
- Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Gazi University, 06500 Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Ayşe Gül Gürek
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Dadhwal S, Lee A, Goswami SK, Hook S, Gamble AB. Synthesis and formulation of self‐immolative
PEG
‐aryl azide block copolymers and click‐to‐release reactivity with
trans
‐cyclooctene. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Dadhwal
- School of Pharmacy University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
- Department of Chemistry University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Arnold Lee
- School of Pharmacy University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
| | | | - Sarah Hook
- School of Pharmacy University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
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