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Hussain J, Hussain R, Hussain A, Yawer MA, Arshad M, Alarfaji SS, Rauf A, Ayub K. Theoretical design of alkaline earthides M +(3 6 adz) Be - (M + = V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn) with excellent nonlinear optical response and ultraviolet transparency. J Mol Graph Model 2024; 130:108791. [PMID: 38776762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2024.108791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
A novel series of alkaline earthides containing eight complexes based upon 36adz complexant are designed by placing carefully transition metals (V-Zn) on inner side and alkaline earth metal outer side of the complexant i.e., M+(36adz) Be- (M+ = V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn). All the designed compounds are electronically and thermodynamically stable as evaluated by their interaction energy and vertical ionization potential respectively. Moreover, the true nature of alkaline earthides is verified through NBOs and FMO study, showing negative charge and excess electrons on alkaline earth metal respectively. Furthermore, true alkaline earthides characteristics are evaluated graphically by spectra of partial density state (PDOS). The energy gap (HOMO -LUMO gap) is very small (ranging 2.95 eV-1.89 eV), when it is compared with pure cage 36adz HOMO-LUMO gap i.e., 8.50 eV. All the complexes show a very small value of transition energy ranging from 1.68eV to 0.89eV. Also, these possess higher hyper polarizability values up to 2.8 x 105au (for Co+(36adz) Be-). Furthermore, an increase in hyper polarizability was observed by applying external electric field on complexes. The remarkable increase of 100fold in hyper polarizability of Zn+(36adz) Be- complex is determined after application of external electric field i.e., from 1.7 x 104 au to 1.7 x 106 au when complex is subjected to external electric field of 0.001 au strength. So, when external electric field is applied on complexes it enhances the charge transfer, polarizability and hyper polarizability of complexes and proves to be effective for designing of true alkaline earthides with remarkable NLO response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jabir Hussain
- Institute of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Ajaz Hussain
- Institute of Chemical Sciences Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Mirza Arfan Yawer
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Institute of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Saleh S Alarfaji
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdul Rauf
- Institute of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University, Abbottabad Campus, KPK, 22060, Pakistan
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Khalil K, Shahnaz, Ludwig R, Tighezza AM, Ayub K, Mahmood T, Gilani MA. Unraveling the role of superalkalis in modulating the static and dynamic hyperpolarizabilities of emerging calix[4]arenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:6794-6805. [PMID: 38323625 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04825j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Calixarenes, as novel organic materials, can play a pivotal role in the development of high-performance nonlinear optical materials due to the ease of design and fabrication. In this study, DFT simulations were employed to investigate the geometric, electronic, and NLO responses of calix[4]arene doped with Li3O, Na3O, and K3O superalkalis. The computed values of the vertical ionization energies and interaction energies indicate the chemical and thermodynamic stabilities of the targeted M3O@calix[4]arene complexes. The corresponding energy gaps (2.01 to 3.49 eV) are notably reduced, indicating the semiconductor nature of the materials. Surprisingly, the M3O@calix[4]arene complexes exhibit transparency in the UV/visible range as the absorption peaks are shifted in the near infrared (NIR) region. The highest values of 5.9 × 105 a.u. and 2.3 × 108 a.u. for the respective first and second hyperpolarizabilities are observed for Na3O@calix[4]arene. Furthermore, the Na3O@calix[4]arene complex exhibits maximum values of 2.3 × 105 a.u. for second harmonic generation (SHG) and (K3O@calix[4]arene) 2.3 × 106 a.u. for the electro-optical Pockels effect (EOPE) at 1064 nm. Similarly, approximations are made for the dynamic second hyperpolarizability coefficients (EOKE and EFISHG) at different wavelengths. Notably, the Na3O@calix[4]arene complex demonstrates the highest quadratic nonlinear refractive index (n2) of 9.5 × 10-15 cm2 W-1 at 1064 nm. This research paves the way for the development of stable calix[4]arenes doped with superalkalis, leading to an improved nonlinear optical (NLO) response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalida Khalil
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54600, Pakistan.
| | - Shahnaz
- Department of Chemistry, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ralf Ludwig
- University of Rostock, Institute of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Albert-Einstein-Straße 27, Rostock 18059, Germany
- University of Rostock, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, Department Science and Technology of Life, Light and Matter, Rostock 18059, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, Rostock 18059, Germany
| | - Ammar M Tighezza
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Mahmood
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir P. O. Box 32038, Bahrain
| | - Mazhar Amjad Gilani
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54600, Pakistan.
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Ejaz I, Ahsan F, Asif M, Ayub K. Polaronic state of conducting oligomer as a new approach to design non-lieaner optical materials: A case study of oligofurans. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 304:123288. [PMID: 37634328 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The geometric, electronic and nonlinear optical properties of neutral and polaron based oligofurans are studied comparatively. We have reported the role of polaron to trigger the nonlinear optical response of oligofurans (nFu). The polaron based oligomers show excellent opto-electronic properties. The effect of polaron on nFu* chains is measured by electronic properties i.e (ionization energy, electron affinity, band gap) and global reactivity descriptors like softness, hardness and chemical potential than their neutral counterpart. An interesting trends of reactivity descriptors have been observed. Lower band gaps (EH-L = 4.66 and 4.41 eV) are observed for polaronic systems as compared to their neutral counterpart. On the other hand, the TD-DFT study further demonstrated that, as the size of chain increases, the absorption maxima (λmax) also increases with significant reduction in excitation energies (ΔE). Furthermore, the nonlinear optical response is confirmed through the linear polarizability (αo), static first order hyperpolarizability (βo) and dynamic (frequency denepndent) hyperpolarizability. Electric filed induced second harmonic generation (EFISHG) and electro-optic pockle effect (EOPE) at 532 nm and 1064 nm, commonly used lasers frequencies have also been employed. Our results showed that the maximum hyperpolarizabilities are observed for polaron based 7Fu* and 9Fu* i.e 1.3 × 104, and 3.1 × 104 au. This study concluded that these polaron based organic polymers (nFu*) are useful as an efficient NLO material with vast applications in different fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Ejaz
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, KPK 22060, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Ahsan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, KPK 22060, Pakistan
| | - Misbah Asif
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, KPK 22060, Pakistan
| | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, KPK 22060, Pakistan.
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Khalid M, Murtaza S, Gull K, Abid S, Imran M, Braga AAC. Influence of acceptors on the optical nonlinearity of 5 H-4-oxa-1,6,9-trithia-cyclopenta[ b]-as-indacene-based chromophores with a push-pull assembly: a DFT approach. RSC Adv 2024; 14:1169-1185. [PMID: 38174281 PMCID: PMC10762516 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06673h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Herein, a series of compounds (TPD1-TPD6) having a D-π-A architecture was quantum chemically designed via the structural modulation of TPR. Quantum chemical calculations were employed to gain a comprehensive insight into the structural and optoelectronic properties of the designed molecules at the M06/6-311G(d,p) level. Interestingly, all the designed chromophores displayed narrow energy gaps (2.123-1.788 eV) and wider absorption spectra (λmax = 833.619-719.709 nm) with a bathochromic shift in comparison to the reference compound (λmax = 749.602 nm and Egap = 3.177 eV). Further, Egap values were utilized to evaluate global reactivity parameters (GRPs), which indicate that all the chromophores expressed higher softness (σ = 0.134-0.559 eV-1) and lower hardness (η = 4.155-4.543 eV) values than the reference chromophore. Efficient charge transfer from donors towards acceptors was noted through FMOs, which was also supported by DOS and TDM analyses. Overall, the TPD3 derivative exhibited a remarkable reduction in the HOMO-LUMO band gap (1.788 eV) with a red shift as λmax = 833.619 nm. Furthermore, it exhibited prominent linear and non-linear characteristics such as μtotal = 24.1731 D, 〈α〉 = 2.89 × 10-22 esu, and βtotal = 7.24 × 10-27 esu, among all derivatives. The above findings revealed that significant non-linear optical materials could be achieved through structural tailoring with studied efficient acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Khalid
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Murtaza
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
| | - Khansa Gull
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
| | - Saba Abid
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University P. O. Box 9004 Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ataualpa A C Braga
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748 São Paulo 05508-000 Brazil
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Sagir M, Mushtaq K, Khalid M, Khan M, Tahir MB, Braga AAC. Exploration of linear and third-order nonlinear optical properties for donor-π-linker-acceptor chromophores derived from ATT-2 based non-fullerene molecule. RSC Adv 2023; 13:31855-31872. [PMID: 37920195 PMCID: PMC10618729 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04580c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, seven non-fullerene compounds abbreviated as ATTD2-ATTD8 were designed through structural tailoring and their nonlinear optical (NLO) properties were reported. The objective of this study was to explore the potential for newly configured D-π-A type non-fullerene-based compounds. Quantum chemical methods were adopted and revealed the molecules as highly efficient materials with favorable NLO characteristics for use in optoelectronic devices. The M06 functional along with the 6-311G(d,p) basis set in chloroform solvent were utilized for the natural bonding orbital (NBO) analysis, absorption spectra and computational assessments of frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), global reactivity descriptors (GRPs), transition density matrix (TDM) and nonlinear optical properties (NLO) for ATTR1 and ATTD2-ATTD8. The HOMO-LUMO energy gap was significantly reduced in all the designed moieties compared to the reference compound in the following decreasing order: ATTR1 > ATTD8 > ATTD4 > ATTD5 > ATTD2 > ATTD7 > ATTD6 > ATTD3. All of the designed molecules (ATTD2-ATTD8) showed good NLO response. Global reactivity parameters were found to be closely associated with the band gap between the HOMO and LUMO orbitals, and the compound with the smallest energy gap, ATTD3, exhibited a lower hardness value of 1.754 eV and higher softness value of 0.570 eV with outstanding NLO response. For the reference compound and ATTD2-ATTD8 derivatives, attributes like dipole moment (μtot), average polarizability 〈α〉, first hyperpolarizability (βtot), and second hyperpolarizability γtot were calculated. Out of all the derivatives, ATTD3 revealed the highest amplitude with a βtot of 8.23 × 10-27 esu, which was consistent with the reduced band gap (1.754 eV) and suggested it was the best possibility for NLO materials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sagir
- Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
| | - Kalsoom Mushtaq
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Khalid
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
| | - Mashal Khan
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal Tahir
- Institute of Physics, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
| | - Ataualpa A C Braga
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de Saõ Paulo Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748 Sao Paulo 05508-000 Brazil
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Sohaib M, Sajid H, Sarfaraz S, Hamid MHSA, Gilani MA, Ans M, Mahmood T, Muhammad S, Alkhalifah MA, Sheikh NS, Ayub K. Enhanced nonlinear optical response of alkalides based on stacked Janus all- cis-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexafluorocyclohexane. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19325. [PMID: 37662734 PMCID: PMC10474417 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant efforts are continuously exerted by the scientific community to explore new strategies to design materials with high nonlinear optical responses. An effective approach is to design alkalides based on Janus molecules. Herein, we present a new approach to remarkably boost the NLO response of alkalides by stacking the Janus molecules. Alkalides based on stacked Janus molecule, M-n-M' (where n = 2 & 3 while M and M' are Li/Na/K) are studied for structural, energetic, electrical, and nonlinear optical properties. The thermodynamic stability of the designed complexes is confirmed by the energetic stabilities, which range between -14.07 and -28.77 kcal/mol. The alkalide character of alkali metals-doped complexes is confirmed by the NBO charge transfer and HOMO(s) densities. The HOMO densities are located on the doped alkali metal atoms, indicating their alkalide character. The absorptions in UV-Vis and near IR region confirm the deep ultraviolet transparency of the designed complexes. The maximum first static and dynamic hyperpolarizabilities of 5.13 × 107 and 6.6 × 106 au (at 1339 nm) confirm their high NLO response, especially for K-2-M' complexes. The NLO response of alkalides based on stacked Janus molecules is 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than the alkalide based on Janus monomer. The high values of dc-Kerr and electric field-induced response e.g., max ∼107 and 108 au, respectively have been obtained. These findings suggest that our designed complexes envision a new insight into the rational design of stable high NLO performance materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sohaib
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, KPK, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Hasnain Sajid
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Sehrish Sarfaraz
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, KPK, 22060, Pakistan
| | | | - Mazhar Amjad Gilani
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore-54600, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ans
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Mahmood
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, KPK, 22060, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bahrain, P. O. Box 32038, Bahrain
| | - Shabbir Muhammad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Alkhalifah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadeem S. Sheikh
- Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, KPK, 22060, Pakistan
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Ahsan A, Fayyaz F, Sarfaraz S, Hamid MHS, Keasberry NA, Ayub K, Sheikh NS. A three orders of magnitude increase in nonlinear optical response by external electric field on Cryptand[2.2.2] (C222) based alkaline earthides. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17610. [PMID: 37455946 PMCID: PMC10338364 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A new series of alkaline earthides based on Cryptand [2.2.2] (C222) containing nine complexes is designed by carefully placing alkali metals and alkaline earth metals inside and outside the C222 complexant, respectively i.e., M1(C222)M2 (M1 = Li, Na, K; M2 = Be, Mg, Ca). The designed complexes are reasonably stable both electronically and thermodynamically, as revealed through their vertical ionization potentials (VIPs) and interaction energies, respectively. Moreover, the true alkaline earthide nature of the complexes is confirmed through NBO and FMO analyses showing the negative charges and HOMOs over the alkaline earth metals, respectively. The further validity of true earthide characteristic is represented graphically by the spectra of partial density of states (PDOS). HOMO-LUMO gaps of the compounds are also very small (from 2.23 to 2.83 eV) when compared with pure cage's (C222) H-L gap i.e., 5.63 eV. All these features award these complexes with very small values of transition energies (ΔE) ranging from 0.68 to 2.06 eV ultimately resulting in remarkably high hyperpolarizability values up to 2.7 × 105 au (for Na+(C222)Mg-). Furthermore, applying external electric field (EEF) on the complexes enhances hyperpolarizability further. A remarkable increase of 1000 folds has been seen when hyperpolarizability of K+(C222)Ca- is calculated after EEF application i.e., from 8.79 × 104 au to 2.48 × 107 au; when subjected to 0.001 au external electric field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annum Ahsan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, KPK, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Fayyaz
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, KPK, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Sehrish Sarfaraz
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, KPK, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Malai Haniti S.A. Hamid
- Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Natasha A. Keasberry
- Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, KPK, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem S. Sheikh
- Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
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Kosar N, Wajid S, Ayub K, Gilani MA, Mahmood T. First, second and third order NLO response of alkaline earth metals doped C6O6Li6 organometallic complexes. Chem Phys 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2023.111894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Haroon M, Akhtar T, Khalid M, Zahra SS, Haq IU, Assiri MA, Imran M, Braga AA. Synthesized thiazole-based hydrazides and their spectral characterization along with biological studies: Promising quantum chemical insights. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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10
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Surface functionalization of Si6Li6 cluster with superalkalis to achieve high nonlinear optical response: A DFT study. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kausar N, Murtaza S, Khalid M, Shoukat U, Asad M, Arshad MN, Asiri AM, Braga AA. Experimental and Quantum Chemical Approaches for Hydrazide-based Crystalline Organic Chromophores: Synthesis, SC-XRD, Spectroscopic and Nonlinear Optical Properties. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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12
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Khalid M, Zafar M, Hussain S, Asghar MA, Khera RA, Imran M, Abookleesh FL, Akram MY, Ullah A. Influence of End-Capped Modifications in the Nonlinear Optical Amplitude of Nonfullerene-Based Chromophores with a D-π-A Architecture: A DFT/TDDFT Study. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:23532-23548. [PMID: 35847337 PMCID: PMC9281312 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nonlinear optical (NLO) materials have several uses in many fields such as solid physics, biology, medicine, nuclear physics, and material research. Therefore, a series of nonfullerene-based derivatives (CC10D1-CC10D8) with a D-π-A configuration was planned for the NLO investigation using CC10R as the reference molecule with structural alternations at acceptor moieties. Natural bonding orbital (NBO), UV-vis spectra, frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), global reactivity parameters (GRPs), transition density matrix (TDM), and density of states (DOS) were analyzed using the M06/6-311G(d,p) functional in chloroform solvent to understand the NLO responses of CC10R and CC10D1-CC10D8. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) band gaps of CC10D1-CC10D6 were illustrated to be lower than that of CC10R, with the larger bathochromic shift (726.408-782.674 nm) resulting in a significant NLO response. Along with the band gap, the FMO method also identified an efficient interfacial charge transfer from D to A moieties via a π-bridge, which was further supported by the DOS and TDM map. Moreover, NBO calculations demonstrated that extended hyperconjugation and strong internal molecular interactions were important in their stabilization. The dipole moment (μ), linear polarizability ⟨α⟩, hyperpolarizability (βtotal), and second-order hyperpolarizability (γtotal.) were studied for CC10R and CC10D1-CC10D8. Among all of the derivatives, CC10D2 was proven to be the most appropriate candidate because of its suitable NLO behavior such as being well-supported by a reduced band gap (2.093 eV) and having a suitable maximum absorption wavelength (782.674 nm). Therefore, CC10D2 was reported to have a greater value of first hyperpolarizability (208 659.330 a.u.) compared with other derivatives and CC10R. For the second hyperpolarizability, a greater value was obtained for CC10R (5.855 × 107 a.u.), and its derivatives showed results comparable to that of the parent chromophore for γtotal. This theoretical framework reveals that structural customization with different acceptor units plays a significant role in obtaining attractive NLO materials for optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Khalid
- Research
Center for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
- Institute
of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of
Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Zafar
- Research
Center for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
- Institute
of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of
Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Shabbir Hussain
- Research
Center for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
- Institute
of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of
Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan Asghar
- Department
of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
| | - Rasheed Ahmad Khera
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid
University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Frage Lhadi Abookleesh
- Department
of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural,
Life and Environmental Sciences, University
of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Muhammad Yasir Akram
- Research
Center for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
- Institute
of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of
Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Aman Ullah
- Department
of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural,
Life and Environmental Sciences, University
of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
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13
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Exploring the effect of complexant on remarkably high static and dynamic second hyperpolarizability of aziridine-based diffuse electron systems: a theoretical study. Struct Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-022-01989-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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14
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Khan MU, Hussain S, Asghar MA, Munawar KS, Khera RA, Imran M, Ibrahim MM, Hessien MM, Mersal GAM. Exploration of Nonlinear Optical Properties for the First Theoretical Framework of Non-Fullerene DTS(FBTTh 2) 2-Based Derivatives. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:18027-18040. [PMID: 35664583 PMCID: PMC9161415 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Organic compounds having significant nonlinear optical (NLO) applications are being employed in the optoelectronics field. In the current work, a series of non-fullerene acceptor (NFA) based compounds are designed by modifying the acceptors with different substituents using DTS(FBTTh 2 ) 2 R1 as a reference compound. To study the NLO responses to the tuning of various acceptors, DFT and TD-DFT based parameters were calculated at the M06 level along with the 6-31G(d,p) basis set. The designed compounds (MSTD2-MSTD7) showed smaller values of the energy gap in comparison to the reference compound. The energy gaps of the title compounds were linked to global reactivity insights; MSTD7 provided a lower band gap, with smaller and larger quantities for hardness and softness characteristics, respectively. Further, UV-vis analyses were performed for all of the designed compounds, displaying wavelengths red-shifted from that of DTS(FBTTh 2 ) 2 R1 . The intraelectron transfer (ICT) process and stability of the title compounds were explored via frontier molecular orbital (FMO) and natural bond orbital (NBO) studies, respectively. Out of all the designed compounds, the highest value of linear polarizability ⟨α⟩ of 3.485 × 10-22 esu, first hyperpolarizability (βtotal) of 13.44 × 10-27 esu and second-order hyperpolarizability ⟨γ⟩ of 3.66 × 10-31 esu were exhibited by MSTD7. In short, all of the designed compounds exhibited promising NLO properties because of their low charge transport resistance. These NLO properties may be useful for experimental researchers to uncover NLO materials for modern applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shabbir Hussain
- Department
of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of
Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan Asghar
- Department
of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education Lahore 54770, Pakistan
| | | | - Rasheed Ahmad Khera
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid
University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M. Ibrahim
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud M. Hessien
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaber A. M. Mersal
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Khalid M, Arshad MN, Murtaza S, Shafiq I, Haroon M, Asiri AM, Figueirêdo de AlcântaraMorais S, Braga AAC. Enriching NLO efficacy via designing non-fullerene molecules with the modification of acceptor moieties into ICIF2F: an emerging theoretical approach. RSC Adv 2022; 12:13412-13427. [PMID: 35520135 PMCID: PMC9066771 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01127a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-fullerene (NF)-based compounds have attracted much attention as compared to fullerene-based materials because of their promising optoelectronic properties, lower synthetic cost and greater stability. Usually, the end-capped groups have a promising impact in magnifying the nonlinear optical (NLO) characteristics in the non-fullerene molecules. Based on this, a series of new NLO active non-fullerene molecules (NFAD2-NFAD6) have been established. The non-fullerene molecules (NFAD2-NFAD6) were designed by end-capped modification in acceptor moieties of the reference (NFAR1), while donor and π-bridge moieties were kept the same in the entire series. Quantum chemistry-based calculations at the M06/6-311G(d,p) level were done to determine the NLO characteristics and for other supportive analyses. The acceptor and donor moieties were utilized at the opposite terminals of NFAD2-NFAD6, which proved to be an effective approach in tuning the FMO band gap. Overall the results of natural bond orbital (NBO), density of state (DOS) and transition density matrices (TDMs) analyses supported the NLO properties of the designed compounds. Among all the studied compounds, NFAD4 was proven to be the most suitable candidate due to its promising NLO properties, well supported by a lower bandgap of 1.519 eV and a maximum absorption wavelength of 999.550 nm. Therefore, NFAD4 was reported with greater amplitude of dipole polarizability (10.429 e.s.u), average polarizability (2.953 × 10-22 e.s.u), first hyperpolarizability (13.16 × 10-27 e.s.u.) and second hyperpolarizability (2.150 × 10-31 e.s.u.) than other derivatives and NFAR1. Subsequently, the present study depicted the significance of utilizing different non-fullerene (NF)-based acceptor moieties to achieve the promising NLO material. This computational study may lead towards new plausible pathways for researchers to design potent NLO substances for impending hi-tech applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Khalid
- Department of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Arshad
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 P.O. Box 80203 Saudi Arabia.,Center of Excellence for Advanced Material Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 P.O. Box 80203 Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahzad Murtaza
- Department of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
| | - Iqra Shafiq
- Department of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Haroon
- Department of Chemistry, Government Major Muhammad Afzal Khan (Shaheed), Boys Degree College Afzalpur, Mirpur, (Affiliated with Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST) 10250-Mirpur AJK Pakistan
| | - Abdullah M Asiri
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 P.O. Box 80203 Saudi Arabia.,Center of Excellence for Advanced Material Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 P.O. Box 80203 Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Figueirêdo de AlcântaraMorais
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo 05508-000 Brazil
| | - Ataualpa A C Braga
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo 05508-000 Brazil
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16
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Arshad M, Khalid M, Asad M, Braga AAC, Asiri AM, Alotaibi MM. Influence of Peripheral Modification of Electron Acceptors in Nonfullerene (O-IDTBR1)-Based Derivatives on Nonlinear Optical Response: DFT/TDDFT Study. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:11631-11642. [PMID: 35449988 PMCID: PMC9017101 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fullerene-based organic compounds have been reported as useful materials with some limitations; nonetheless, fullerene-free compounds are primarily considered to be the most substantial materials for the development of modern technology. Therefore, in this study, a series of compounds (NFBC2-NFBC7) having an A-π-D architecture were designed for the first time from a synthesized nonfullerene (O-IDTBR) compound by changing different acceptor groups. The synthesized nonfullerene (O-IDTBR1) compound and its designed derivatives were optimized with frequency analyses at the M06/6-311G(d,p) level. These optimized structures were further characterized by different quantum chemical approaches. The study required that the designed compounds possess a low energy gap in comparison to that of O-IDTBR1 (2.385 eV). Moreover, density of state (DOS) calculations supported the FMO analysis and displayed charge transfers from the HOMO to the LUMO in an effective manner. The λmax values of the investigated chromophores were observed to be greater than that of the reference compound. Amazingly, the highest amplitude of linear polarizability ⟨α⟩ and first (βtot) and second hyperpolarizability values were achieved by NFBC6 at 1956.433, 2155888.013, and 7.868 × 108 au, respectively, among all other derivatives. Effective NLO findings revealed that nonfullerene-based derivatives may contribute significantly to NLO technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad
Nadeem Arshad
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz
University, Jeddah 21589, P.O. Box 80203, Saudi
Arabia
- Center
of Excellence for Advanced Material Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, P.O. Box
80203, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Khalid
- Department
of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of
Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Asad
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz
University, Jeddah 21589, P.O. Box 80203, Saudi
Arabia
- Center
of Excellence for Advanced Material Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, P.O. Box
80203, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ataualpa A. C. Braga
- Departamento
de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Abdullah M. Asiri
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz
University, Jeddah 21589, P.O. Box 80203, Saudi
Arabia
- Center
of Excellence for Advanced Material Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, P.O. Box
80203, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha M. Alotaibi
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz
University, Jeddah 21589, P.O. Box 80203, Saudi
Arabia
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17
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Asif M, Sajid H, Ayub K, Amjad Gilani M, Mahmood T. Highly accurate DFT investigation for triggering the ultra-strong static and dynamic nonlinear optical properties of superalkali doped aminated graphdiyne (NH2-GDY) donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) quantum dots. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.115695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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Janjua MRSA. Quantum design of transition metals decorated on boron phosphide inorganic nanocluster for Favipiravir adsorption: a possible treatment for COVID-19. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04697g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a quantum drug delivery design of transition metals decorated on boron phosphide (B12P12) inorganic nanocage for favipiravir adsorption has been presented. Thus, these systems may facilitate us as COVID-19 therapy.
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19
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Ahsin A, Shah AB, Ayub K. Germanium-based superatom clusters as excess electron compounds with significant static and dynamic NLO response; a DFT study. RSC Adv 2021; 12:365-377. [PMID: 35424493 PMCID: PMC8978613 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08192f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, the geometric, electronic, and nonlinear optical properties of excess electron zintl clusters Ge5AM3, Ge9AM5, and Ge10AM3 (AM = Li, Na, and K) are investigated. The clusters under consideration demonstrate considerable electronic stability as well as superalkali characteristics. The NBO charge is transferred from the alkali metal to the Ge-atoms. The FMO analysis shows fabulous conductive properties with a significant reduction in SOMO-LUMO gaps (0.79-4.04 eV) as compared with undoped systems. The designed clusters are completely transparent in the deep UV-region and show absorption in the visible and near-IR region. Being excess electron compounds these clusters exhibit remarkable hyperpolarizability response up to 8.99 × 10-26 esu, where a static second hyperpolarizability (γ o) value of up to 2.15 × 10-30 esu was recorded for Ge9Na5 superatom clusters. The excitation energy is the main controlling factor for hyperpolarizability as revealed from the two-level model study. The electro-optical Pockel's effect and the second harmonic generation phenomenon (SHG) are used to investigate dynamic nonlinear optical features. At a lower applied frequency (=532 nm), the dynamic hyperpolarizability and second hyperpolarizability values are significantly higher for the studied clusters. Furthermore, for the Ge9K5 cluster, the hyper Rayleigh scattering (HRS) increases to 5.03 × 10-26 esu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atazaz Ahsin
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus Abbottabad KPK 22060 Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Bilal Shah
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus Abbottabad KPK 22060 Pakistan
| | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus Abbottabad KPK 22060 Pakistan
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20
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Wajid S, Kosar N, Ullah F, Gilani MA, Ayub K, Muhammad S, Mahmood T. Demonstrating the Potential of Alkali Metal-Doped Cyclic C 6O 6Li 6 Organometallics as Electrides and High-Performance NLO Materials. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:29852-29861. [PMID: 34778658 PMCID: PMC8582031 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this report, the geometric and electronic properties and static and dynamic hyperpolarizabilities of alkali metal-doped C6O6Li6 organometallics are analyzed via density functional theory methods. The thermal stability of the considered complexes is examined through interaction energy (E int) calculations. Doping of alkali metal derives diffuse excess electrons, which generate the electride characteristics in the respective systems (electrons@complexant, e-@M@C6O6Li6, M = Li, Na, and K). The electronic density shifting is also supported by natural bond orbital charge analysis. These electrides are further investigated for their nonlinear optical (NLO) responses through static and dynamic hyperpolarizability analyses. The potassium-doped C6O6Li6 (K@C6O6Li6) complex has high values of second- (βtot = 2.9 × 105 au) and third-order NLO responses (γtot = 1.6 × 108 au) along with a high refractive index at 1064 nm, indicating that the NLO response of the corresponding complex increases at a higher wavelength. UV-vis absorption analysis is used to confirm the electronic excitations, which occur from the metal toward C6O6Li6. We assume that these newly designed organometallic electrides can be used in optical and optoelectronic fields for achieving better second-harmonic-generation-based NLO materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunaina Wajid
- Department
of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Naveen Kosar
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Management and
Technology (UMT), C11,
Johar Town Lahore 54770, Pakistan
| | - Faizan Ullah
- Department
of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Mazhar Amjad Gilani
- Department
of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department
of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Shabbir Muhammad
- Department
of Physics, College of Science, King Khalid
University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Mahmood
- Department
of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
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21
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Ahsin A, Ayub K. Extremely large static and dynamic nonlinear optical response of small superalkali clusters NM 3M' (M, M'=Li, Na, K). J Mol Graph Model 2021; 109:108031. [PMID: 34536836 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2021.108031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Exploring novel nonlinear optical (NLO) materials with excess electron properties is essential for advancing the use of excess electron compounds in optics. The studied superalkali clusters NM3M' (M, M' = Li, Na, K) are thermodynamically stable and their binding energies range from -27.10 to -53.84 kcal mol-1. The observed significant values for VIPs suggest their electronic stabilities. Being excess electron candidate these clusters show significant βo value (3.9 × 107 au), which nicely correlates the hyperpolarizability reported by a two-level model (βtl). Furthermore, these clusters exhibit a remarkable static second hyperpolarizability (γo) value of 1.1 × 1010 au for the NK4 superalkali cluster. The hyper Rayleigh scattering (βHRS) is also computed where the highest value of 2.9 × 107 is recorded for NNa3K superalkali. The obtained values of βvec values (projection of hyperpolarizability on dipole moment vector) also signify the excellent nonlinearity of clusters. Besides, the calculated electro-optica pockel's effect β(-ω; ω,0) and second harmonic generation β(-2ω; ω, ω) values are much pronounced at larger dispersion frequency ω = 1064 nm. Moreover, the frequency-dependent second hyperpolarizability γ(ω) with dc-Kerr effect γ(-ω; ω,0,0) and electric field induced second harmonic generation γ(-2ω; ω,ω,0) show larger values at ω = 1064 nm. Thus the highest value of the dc-Kerr constant increases up to 1.0 × 1011 au which also signifies the larger nonlinear refractive index of the studied cluster. We hope this work could open up new possibilities using superalkali clusters as NLO materials for optoelectronics, laser, second harmonic generation and as frequency doubler.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atazaz Ahsin
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, KPK, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, KPK, 22060, Pakistan.
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22
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Second-order NLO properties and two-state switching effects of transition metal redox complexes of iron and cobalt: A DFT study. J Mol Graph Model 2021; 107:107975. [PMID: 34246108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2021.107975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Designing switchable materials with large contrasts of nonlinear optical properties has been the focus of research in recent decades because of their widespread applications. Redox-active metal complexes due to charge transfer excitation are suitable to produce switchable nonlinear optical (NLO) material. In this regard, we present here the redox switchable NLO response of active metal complexes of iron and cobalt. The geometric, electronic, molecular absorption, nonlinear optical properties, and switch "ON/OFF" style of these metal complexes are studied at the CAM-B3LYP/6-31 + G(d) level of theory. NLO responses of these redox metal complexes are described in terms of change in the charge transfer (CT) patterns by time dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT). The highest βo value of 301534 × 10-30 esu is noticed in [Fe-ethynyl-ZnP]1+ complex, because of obvious charge transfer transition from metal to ligand i.e meatal-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) in redox metal complex. In each redox metal isomeric pair, the greater hyperpolarizability value of individual isomer is quite consistent with its smaller energy gap (H-Lgap) between highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), low crucial excitation energy, and bathochromic shift of λmax. The remarkable βo contrasts of these isomeric redox complexes illustrate that they can be appropriate for effective redox-triggered NLO switches. Thus, the results reveal that these redox pair complexes show two-state switching "ON/OFF" effect.
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23
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Sajid H, Ullah F, Khan S, Ayub K, Arshad M, Mahmood T. Remarkable static and dynamic NLO response of alkali and superalkali doped macrocyclic [hexa-]thiophene complexes; a DFT approach. RSC Adv 2021; 11:4118-4128. [PMID: 35424353 PMCID: PMC8694385 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08099c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the nonlinear optical (NLO) response of alkali metal atom (Li, Na and K) and their corresponding superalkali (Li3O, Na3O and K3O) doped six membered cyclic thiophene (6CT) has been explored. The optimized geometries of complexes; Li@6CT, Na@6CT, K@6CT, Li3O@6CT, Na3O@6CT and K3O@6CT depict that the superalkalis and alkali metals interact through the active cavity of 6CT. Interaction energies reveal that superalkalis have higher interaction with 6CT than alkali metals. The nonlinear optical (NLO) response of the reported complexes is estimated via both static and dynamic hyperpolarizabilities which are further rationalized by the HOMO–LUMO gap, natural bond orbital (NBO) charge transfer, dipole moment, polarizabilities and βvec. A remarkably high NLO response is computed for Na3O@6CT among all of the complexes. The static hyperpolarizability of the Na3O@6CT complex is 5 × 104 au along with the highest βvec value (2.5 × 104 au). High charge transfer (1.53e−) and small EH–L gap (2.96 eV) is responsible for such a large NLO response. For dynamic NLO responses, electro-optic Pockel's effect (EOPE) and second-harmonic generation (SHG) are explored. A very large quadratic nonlinear optical response (3.8 × 10−12 au) is observed for the Na3O@6CT complex. Moreover, the absorption spectrum of the Na3O@6CT complex shows ultra-high transparency in the ultraviolet and visible regions unlike any other of its counterparts. In this study, the nonlinear optical (NLO) response of alkali metal atom (Li, Na and K) and their corresponding superalkali (Li3O, Na3O and K3O) doped six membered cyclic thiophene (6CT) has been explored.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasnain Sajid
- Department of Chemistry
- COMSATS University Islamabad
- Abbottabad-22060
- Pakistan
| | - Faizan Ullah
- Department of Chemistry
- COMSATS University Islamabad
- Abbottabad-22060
- Pakistan
| | - Sidra Khan
- Department of Chemistry
- COMSATS University Islamabad
- Abbottabad-22060
- Pakistan
| | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department of Chemistry
- COMSATS University Islamabad
- Abbottabad-22060
- Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of the Punjab
- Lahore
- Pakistan
| | - Tariq Mahmood
- Department of Chemistry
- COMSATS University Islamabad
- Abbottabad-22060
- Pakistan
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24
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Alkaline earth metals serving as source of excess electron for alkaline earth metals to impart large second and third order nonlinear optical response; a DFT study. J Mol Graph Model 2020; 101:107759. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2020.107759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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