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Al-Zoubi RM, Al-Jammal WK, Shkoor M, Bani-Yaseen AD, Khan A, Agouni A, McDonald R. Efficient and regioselective synthesis of ortho-diiodinated homobenzylic alcohol derivatives: in silico evaluation as potential anticancer IDO/TDO inhibitors. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:7395-7410. [PMID: 39177253 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob01076k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
A simple and direct synthesis of 2,6-diiodophenylethanol building blocks through highly regioselective metalation (MIE)/oxirane SN2-type ring opening of 1,2,3-triiodobenzene is described. A significant impact of the nature of the R1 group on the reactivity of the reaction was discovered but not in terms of site-selectivity. The MIE quenching step is easily controlled by the use of slow-reacting electrophiles "oxiranes" providing solely the ortho-diiodinated homobenzylic alcohol derivatives (internal products) in excellent site-selectivity and with stereoretention. The reaction proceeded without any additives to activate the oxiranes and tolerated a wide range of substrates. The reaction of electron-deficient 1,2,3-triiodoarene systems and neutral oxiranes under the optimized conditions provided the highest isolated yields. The reaction is facile, scalable, efficient, general in scope, and generates handy precursors for further chemical manipulation. In silico interaction analysis revealed that compounds 7a, 7p, 7t and 7z established favourable interactions with the receptors IDO and TDO. Moreover, the molecular simulation results revealed stable dynamics, minimal internal fluctuations, tighter packing and more favourable dynamic features. Furthermore, the 7a-IDO reported a TBE of -26.22 ± 0.24 kcal mol-1, 7t-TDO reported a TBE of -46.66 ± 0.27 kcal mol-1, 7p-TDO reported a TBE of -48.02 ± 0.29 kcal mol-1 while 7z-TDO reported a TBE of -48.51 ± 0.28 kcal mol-1. This shows that these compounds potentially interact with IDO and TDO and consequently cause the inhibition of these targets. Moreover, the BFE results also revealed that this combination suggests that the gas-phase interactions between the components are favorable, but the solvation of the system is unfavorable. In the context of binding, it further means that the protein and ligand have attractive forces when in close proximity as seen in the gas phase, but when solvated, the system experiences an increase in free energy due to interactions with the solvent. This further implies that the binding might be enthalpically favorable due to favorable gas-phase interactions but entropically unfavorable due to unfavorable solvation effects. Our analysis shows that our designed compounds have unmatched pharmacological potential, far surpassing previously reported compounds. This highlights the innovative nature of these derivatives and sets a new benchmark in IDO and TDO drug discovery, indicating their significant potential as effective anticancer inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raed M Al-Zoubi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, QU-Health, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar.
- Surgical Research Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
- Department of Chemistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O.Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
| | - Walid K Al-Jammal
- Department of Chemistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O.Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
| | - Mohanad Shkoor
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | | | - Abbas Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Abdelali Agouni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Robert McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, Gunning-Lemieux Chemistry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G2G2, Canada.
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Taylor S, Handy ST. Electrochemical allylations in a deep eutectic solvent. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:2217-2224. [PMID: 39286796 PMCID: PMC11403794 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Electrosynthesis is a technique that is attracting increased attention and has many appealing features, particularly its potential greenness. At the same time, electrosynthesis requires a solvent and a supporting electrolyte in order for current to pass through the reaction. These are effectively consumable reagents unless a convenient means of recycling can be developed. As part of our interest in unusual solvents and electrochemistry, we explored the application of simple, inexpensive, and recyclable deep eutectic solvents to the allylation of carbonyls. While several sets of conditions were developed, the goal of avoiding stoichiometric amounts of metal has proven elusive. Still, a deep eutectic solvent can be used to plate out and thus recover the metal used, offering an interesting new option for electrochemical allylations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA
| | - Scott T Handy
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA
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Changmai S, Sultana S, Saikia AK. Review of electrochemical transition‐metal‐catalyzed C−H functionalization reactions. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumi Changmai
- Applied Organic Chemistry Chemical Sciences & Technology Division CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology 785006 Jorhat India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) 201002 Ghaziabad India
| | | | - Anil K. Saikia
- Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati Department of Chemistry Guwahati 781039 Assam India
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Chen W, Ni S, Wang Y, Pan Y. Electrochemical-Promoted Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Allylation of Aryl Halides. Org Lett 2022; 24:3647-3651. [PMID: 35579336 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Compared with conventional reductive coupling, reductive coupling under electrochemical conditions without external reductants is greener, milder, and more efficient and is of increasing interest to organic chemists. In this work, we report the sacrificial anode, nickel-catalyzed electrochemical allylation reaction of aryl and alkyl halides. The reaction can be applied to a range of allylation reagents such as trifluoroalkenes, oxalates, and acetates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangzhe Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shengyang Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Gafurov ZN, Kantyukov AO, Kagilev AA, Sinyashin OG, Yakhvarov DG. Electrochemical methods for synthesis and in situ generation of organometallic compounds. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Weng Y, Chen H, Li N, Yang L, Ackermann L. Electrooxidative Metal‐Free Cyclization of 4‐Arylaminocoumarins with DMF as C1‐Source. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Weng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology 310014 Hangzhou People's Republic of China
- Institut fuer Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Georg-August-Universitaet Gottingen Tammannstrasse 2 37077 Goettingen Germany
| | - Hantao Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology 310014 Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Nanhui Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology 310014 Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Long Yang
- Institut fuer Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Georg-August-Universitaet Gottingen Tammannstrasse 2 37077 Goettingen Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut fuer Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Georg-August-Universitaet Gottingen Tammannstrasse 2 37077 Goettingen Germany
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